Science Progress最新文献

{"title":"Sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Desderius Chussi, Kenneth Mlay, Ezekiel G Karuga, Elifaraja Naman, Philbert Mtenga, Peter Shija, Alex Mremi","doi":"10.1177/00368504241312434","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241312434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells outside the bone marrow. The tumor rarely occurs in the sinonasal tract, accounting for about 4% of all non-epithelial sinonasal tumors. Herein, the authors describe a rare case of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 33-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of progressively increasing nasal mass, causing obstruction. A CT scan showed a soft tissue mass measuring 5*8*3 cm in the right and left nasal cavities, obstructing the nasal airway. The mass extended to the right maxillary sinus. Histopathology and immunohistochemical tests confirmed it to be plasmacytoma. Lymphomas with prominent plasmacytic differentiation and multiple myeloma workups were negative. The patient initially refused treatment. After counseling, the patient consented to undergo surgery and later radiotherapy treatment. At one-year follow-up, the patient is disease-free with no signs of recurrence. Plasmacytomas are either medullary or extramedullary neoplasms. The latter are extremely rare tumors, more commonly presenting in the submucosal tissue of the upper respiratory tract. A mass or swelling causing nasal or pharyngeal symptoms is by far the most common presentation of this entity in the head and neck region. Because these lesions are radiosensitive, radiotherapy is a recommended treatment approach. Further studies are needed to better understand the prognosis and effective treatment regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241312434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation study between magnetic resonance imaging-quantitated cardiac iron deposition and left ventricular function in patients with β-thalassemia major in China.","authors":"Shuai Peng, Fengming Xu, Guangxin Yang, Yanyan Zhang, Qin Tang, Rongrong Liu, Peng Peng","doi":"10.1177/00368504251318196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251318196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the correlation between cardiac iron deposition and left ventricular function indicators, such as left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction, and to evaluate the accuracy of predicting patients with cardiac iron deposition by using left ventricular ejection fraction as an index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quantitative cross-sectional study involved one hundred and fifty transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia major who were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging to obtain <i>T</i>₂* values, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction. The relationship between cardiac <i>R</i>₂* values and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 150 patients, cardiac iron overload was not observed for 92 patients, 42 patients exhibited mild to moderate cardiac iron overload, and 16 patients were severe cardiac iron overloaded. A linear correlation was not observed between the cardiac <i>R</i>₂* values and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction (<i>P</i> > 0.05). For the left ventricular ejection fraction index, the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the agreement rate were 83.3%, 63.2%, 8.6%, 98.9%, and 64.0%, respectively; also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.348.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A linear correlation was not observed between cardiac <i>R</i>₂* values and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with β-thalassemia major. Therefore, using left ventricular ejection fraction as an indirect index to predict cardiac iron deposition may be not reliable in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504251318196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for recurrent subdural hematoma in an extra-intracranial anastomosis patient on anticoagulant medication: A case report.","authors":"Franziska A Schmidt, Christian F Freyschlag, Astrid E Grams, Claudius Thomé","doi":"10.1177/00368504241271730","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241271730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is amongst the most frequent neurological diseases with an upward trend due to an aging society and development in the field of anticoagulation therapies. Lately, subgaleal drainages and middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization have been introduced to the standard armamentarium as treatment options for cSDH patients. Vascular anomalies, such as internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion with spontaneous extra-intracranial anastomoses, usually lead to forfeiting embolization treatment from patients. This report presents a case of a 67-year-old male with a repeated recurrence of cSDH in conjunction with a history of middle cerebral artery territory stroke and consecutive platelet inhibition therapy. The patient was initially treated with a burr hole plus subgaleal and subdural drainage upon revision surgery. Due to repeated recurrence, MMA embolization was considered, even though an extra-intracranial anastomosis was present on angiography. The patient was deemed to be fully recovered three months after intervention and no further intervention was needed. We can conclude that MMA embolization is a feasible option also in patients with recurrent cSDH after territorial infarction secondary to ICA occlusion with present extra-intracranial anastomoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241271730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the importance of data curation for knowledge mining in antiviral research.","authors":"Holli-Joi Martin, Cleber C Melo-Filho, Alexey V Zakharov, Eugene Muratov, Alexander Tropsha","doi":"10.1177/00368504241301535","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241301535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has clearly exemplified the need for broad-spectrum antiviral (BSA) medications. However, previous outbreaks show that about one year after an outbreak, interest in antiviral research diminishes and the work toward an effective medication is left unfinished. Martin et al. endeavored to support the early stages of focused BSA development by creating the Small Molecule Antiviral Compound Collection (SMACC), which is publicly available online at https://smacc.mml.unc.edu. SMACC is a highly curated database with over 32,500 entries of chemical compounds tested in both phenotypic and target-based assays across 13 viruses from the NIAID's list of emerging infectious diseases/pathogens. The authors advise judicious use of knowledge collections such as SMACC and recommend users critically evaluate retrieved data and resulting hypotheses prior to experimental testing. When used correctly, SMACC-like databases may serve as a reference for medicinal chemists and virologists working to develop novel BSA medications. To summarize, we emphasize the importance of data curation for both novel outbreak prediction and development of BSAs against these outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241301535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of the standardized use of preoperative fascia iliaca block versus conventional analgesia in older adults with fragility hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study at two hospitals in Colombia.","authors":"Andrés Libos Zabala, Jonathan Tihanyi Feldman, Juan D Bernate, Laura Ricaurte, Diana C Morales, Aldo F Patiño, Rodrigo F Pesantez, Julián E Salavarrieta, Valentina Sanint, Ana M López, Carlos M Olarte","doi":"10.1177/00368504241305904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504241305904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Hospital admission due to fragility hip fracture has increased significantly in recent years. In patients with hip fracture, perioperative pain management is usually with opioids, whose dosage is difficult to adjust and have many side effects, especially in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact and the advantages of the implementation of the fascia iliaca blockade in older adults with hip fracture due to fragility included in the Orthogeriatric Clinical Care Center of the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and the San José Infantil University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. The primary outcome of our study is the incidence of delirium during hospitalization. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. The data was collected from patients older than 65 years treated for a fragility fracture of the hip in two fourth-level hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia from the beginning of 2019 until the end of 2020. <b>Results:</b> A sample of 218 patients was obtained, of which 119 received conventional analgesic management. 99 patients underwent fascia iliaca blockade. No significant difference was found between the use of the block and the development of delirium (<i>p</i> = 0.442). There was a higher consumption of opioids in the conventional analgesia group compared to the block group (27.61 mg vs 16.34 mg, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.003), longer duration of the surgical procedure (90.84 vs 81.08 min, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.030) and longer hospital stay (6.06 vs 5.41 days, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.641). <b>Conclusions:</b> While this study found no significant difference in the incidence of delirium, fascia iliaca blockade was associated with significant reductions in opioid consumption and shorter procedural times. These findings suggest that fascia iliaca blockade may improve pain management efficiency in older adults with hip fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241305904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lurker: Backdoor attack-based explainable rumor detection on online media.","authors":"Yao Lin, Wenhui Xue, Congrui Bai, Jing Li, Xiaoyan Yin, Chase Q Wu","doi":"10.1177/00368504241307816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504241307816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of their proficiency in capturing the category characteristics of graphs, graph neural networks have shown remarkable advantages for graph-level classification tasks, that is, rumor detection and anomaly detection. Due to the manipulation of special means (e.g. bots) on online media, rumors may spread across the whole network at an overwhelming speed. Compared with normal information, popular rumors usually have a special propagation structure, especially in the early stage of information dissemination. More specifically, the special propagation structure determines whether rumors can be spread successfully. Namely, online users and their interaction that constitute the special propagation structure play a key role in the spread of rumors. Therefore, the problem of rumor detection can be transformed into detecting the existence of a special propagation structure. Inspired by backdoor attacks, we propose an interpretable rumor detection algorithm based on backdoor. Firstly, based on causal analysis, the causal sub-graph that determines the category of the graph (rumor vs. normal information) is obtained, that is, the critical online users in the rumor spreading effect are found, and then the specific propagation structure is explored. Finally, the special propagation structure is planted into the rumor detection model as a trigger. Experimental results and performance analysis on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in the special propagation structure detection of rumors. Compared with two baselines, <i>Lurker</i> achieves up to 33.1% and 61.8% performance improvement in terms of attack success rate and clean accuracy drop.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241307816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on energy management strategy for incremental range electric vehicles integrating speed prediction.","authors":"Wei Wang, Kun Zhang, Qingming Zhang, Xiaochun Wang","doi":"10.1177/00368504241308957","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241308957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main challenge facing current energy management strategies for extended-range electric vehicles is effectively balancing power demand and energy utilization to enhance fuel economy under complex and variable driving conditions. Therefore, to optimize the distribution between the two energy sources of extended-range electric vehicles and improve their fuel economy, this paper proposes an energy management strategy incorporating speed prediction. Firstly, the long short-term memory neural network speed prediction scheme is investigated, and its effectiveness under different cyclic conditions is verified. Secondly, the four hyperparameters of the long short-term memory neural network structure were optimized using the sparrow algorithm (SA) to further enhance the prediction accuracy of the long short-term memory speed prediction algorithm. After optimization, the mean square deviation and mean absolute error are reduced by 46.46% and 54.46%, respectively, compared with the pre-optimization period. Finally, an energy management strategy based on speed prediction was designed using the sparrow algorithm-long short-term memory model. The results show that the speed prediction-based energy management strategy reduces fuel consumption by 6.05% and 3.50% under the New European Driving Cycle and World Light Vehicle Test Cycle conditions, respectively, compared to the rule-based hybrid control strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241308957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ahmed glaucoma valve implant for refractory glaucoma in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xiangjun Fu, Juan He, Guoliang Li, Hongyi Luo, Ruijue Peng, Yilian Cheng, Jie Peng, Shiyan Chen, Chao Qu","doi":"10.1177/00368504241301520","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241301520","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ahmed glaucoma valve in pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple major databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Science Direct, China's National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang database. We retrieved studies published before December 2022 that met the inclusion criteria, including clinical controlled trials (randomized controlled trials) and clinical noncontrolled trials (non-randomized controlled trials) on the use of Ahmed glaucoma valve in pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review. The efficacy measures included intraocular pressure, number of anti-glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and success rate. The safety measures were complications. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified 46 eligible studies: Compared with geographic location and study type, the Ahmed glaucoma valve showed a decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure and number of anti-glaucoma medications compared to preoperative levels in children with refractory glaucoma (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Compared with etiological, the Ahmed glaucoma valve showed a decrease in intraocular pressure after surgery compared to preoperative levels in children with refractory glaucoma (SMD: 14.57, 95% CI: 14.05-15.08, &lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.00 1), and a decrease in postoperative number of anti-glaucoma medications compared to preoperative number of anti-glaucoma medications (SMD: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.37-1.54, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Compared with trabeculectomy revision surgery, there was no significant difference in the complete success rate between the two groups (SMD: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.52-1.39; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.37).Overall, the postoperative intraocular pressure at the time of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation was lower than that at the time of trabeculectomy revision surgery (SMD: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.71-1.31, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;= 99%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on whether mitomycin C was use d or not. There was a statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure between Ahmed's glaucoma valve surgery and preoperative (SMD: 14.13, 95% CI: 13.47-14.80, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007). Comparison of cumulative complete success rates of Ahmed S2, S3, and Ahmed FP7, FP8 in Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.38-1.45, &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;= 85%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.38). There is no statistical difference between the two groups. Choroidal effusion and anterior chamber hemorrhage are the two most common adverse events after Ahmed's glaucoma valve surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation has some effectiveness in reducing intraocular pressure in children with refractory glaucoma, but there are still many c","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241301520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based sales forecasting during crises: Evidence from a Turkish women's clothing retailer.","authors":"Kiymet Tabak Kizgin, Selcuk Alp, Nezir Aydin, Hao Yu","doi":"10.1177/00368504241307719","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241307719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retail involves directly delivering goods and services to end consumers. Natural disasters and epidemics/pandemics have significant potential to disrupt supply chains, leading to shortages, forecasting errors, price increases, and substantial financial strains on retailers. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for retail sectors to prepare for crisis impacts on sales forecasts by regularly assessing and adjusting sales volumes, consumer behavior, and forecasting models to adapt to changing conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explores strategies for adapting sales forecasts and retail approaches in response to such crises. By employing different machine learning (ML) methods, we analyze consumer behavior changes and sales impacts across various product categories, including bottom wear, top wear, one piece, accessories, outwear, and shoes during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gradient boosting and CatBoost algorithms excelled in product groups with significant sales changes during the pandemic. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm performed well in low-volume categories like accessories and footwear. Meanwhile, MLP, LightGBM, and XGBoost were effective in medium-volume categories such as outerwear and underwear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the efficacy of these models in adapting sales forecasts to crisis conditions, offering a practical approach to enhancing retail resilience against future disruptions. This study offers an effective approach for adapting sales forecasting to shifting consumer behaviors during crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504241307719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave attenuation of two-way radio according to building material and smoke in disaster environments.","authors":"InSu Yeom, Tae Dong Kim","doi":"10.1177/00368504251318835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504251318835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disaster environments, such as fires, distort of two-way radio communication within buildings. This article presents an experimental study on microwave attenuation based on the smoke and wall type in a disaster environment using a two-way radio with digital mobile radio communication, widely used by firefighting crews in Korea. Furthermore, we compared the microwave attenuation of the two-way radio depending on the building materials and smoke. We then present the experimental result of the microwave characteristic corresponding to the four types of walls in a specially designed anechoic chamber (3 m × 1 m × 1 m) to analyze the microwave attenuation by the building materials, with results indicating up to 82% in 200 mm thick concrete. Moreover, we evaluated the propagation attenuation based on the four types of smoke with the same density in a container space (5.8 m × 2.8 m × 2.2 m). The results showed that the microwaves were not transmitted and significantly decreased based on the building materials at 400 MHz, which is the main cause of attenuation. It shows a property of up to 36% reduction in urethane. Although the attenuation of microwaves is not significantly large according to the fuels in smoke, fuels such as urethane, plastic, and rubber have relatively small attenuation of microwaves compared to wood, and the received power corresponding to urethane in smoke decreased the most.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 1","pages":"368504251318835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}