PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100716
Moongyu Han , Young Joo Lee , Junho Ahn , Sunghun Nam , Minseong Kim , Jeongwoo Park , Joongho Ahn , Hanyoung Ryu , Youngseok Seo , Byullee Park , Dooreh Kim , Chulhong Kim
{"title":"A clinical feasibility study of a photoacoustic finder for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients: A prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Moongyu Han , Young Joo Lee , Junho Ahn , Sunghun Nam , Minseong Kim , Jeongwoo Park , Joongho Ahn , Hanyoung Ryu , Youngseok Seo , Byullee Park , Dooreh Kim , Chulhong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sentinel lymph node (SLNb) is generally performed using radioisotopes, blue dyes, or both to improve false negative rate. However, ionizing radiation is involved in a gamma probe with radioisotopes and the blue dye detection relies on native visual inspection by an operator. To overcome these limitations, we developed the photoacoustic finder (PAF), a highly sensitive, non-radioactive detector that uses only blue dye and a photoacoustic signal to detect SLNs. A total of 121 patients with breast cancer were enrolled, and 375 lymph nodes were excised using conventional SLNb. The PAF was used to measure the signal from the excised lymph nodes. We compared the SLN detection rates of each method (gamma probe, visual inspection, and PAF) and conducted a non-inferiority test. The PAF detected 87 % of SLNs, comparable to the gamma probe (85 %) and superior to visual inspection (73 %). Non-inferiority tests confirmed PAF's performance was not inferior to visual inspection (p < 0.001) or the gamma probe (p < 0.015). Using the dual-modal method (gamma probe + visual inspection) as the gold standard, PAF showed a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.63. This study demonstrates that PAF, using only blue dye, offers a non-inferior alternative to the standard dual-modal SLN detection method with radioactive materials, opening new avenues for radiation-free SLNb in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100717
Zhanshang Su , Pengpeng Wang , Zhengzhuo Li , Yawen Li , Tianxiang Zhao , Yujie Duan , Fupeng Wang , Cunguang Zhu
{"title":"Gas concentration prediction in photoacoustic spectroscopy using PSO-EAP-CNN to address correlation degradation","authors":"Zhanshang Su , Pengpeng Wang , Zhengzhuo Li , Yawen Li , Tianxiang Zhao , Yujie Duan , Fupeng Wang , Cunguang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas detection is frequently compromised by noise-induced correlation degradation, which significantly impacts measurement accuracy. To mitigate this issue, an advanced convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, termed PSO-EAP-CNN, is proposed, which combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an ensemble augmented prediction (EAP) strategy. The proposed framework employs a multi-scale feature extraction mechanism through its convolutional architecture, while simultaneously optimizing network parameters via PSO, thereby achieving accelerated convergence and improved prediction stability. The incorporation of the EAP strategy further enhances the model's robustness and generalization ability under noisy conditions. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements: compared to baseline CNN, PSO-EAP-CNN reduces MAE by 43.76 %, RMSE by 39.25 %, and MAPE by 51.15 %; compared to ordinary least squares regression, improvements reach 68.55 %, 67.43 %, and 75.21 % respectively. The model runs in only 10 seconds per execution. This work advances PAS-based gas detection, offering enhanced accuracy and noise resilience for practical trace gas analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100711
Taehoon Bok , Eno Hysi , Michael C. Kolios
{"title":"Quantitative ultrasound and photoacoustic assessments of red blood cell aggregation in the human radial artery","authors":"Taehoon Bok , Eno Hysi , Michael C. Kolios","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop concurrent US and photoacoustic (PA) imaging to characterize structural/physiological impact of in-vivo red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. PA images at 700/800/900 nm were collected from the radial arteries of 12 participants across age groups (20 s/30 s/40 s) alongside US images (21 MHz, VevoLAZR). RBC aggregate size was estimated from US-derived structure-factor-size-estimation (<em>D</em><sub>SFSE</sub>) and PA-derived spectral-slope (SS), along with oxygen saturation (sO<sub>2</sub>). At peak systole (PS), <em>D</em><sub>SFSE</sub><sup>PS</sup> and SS<sup>PS</sup> approximated 1 RBC and −0.1 dB/MHz, respectively, across all ages, with sO<sub>2</sub><sup>PS</sup> values of 97.1 %, 94.7 %, and 93.0 % for each group. At end diastole (ED), <em>D</em><sub>SFSE</sub><sup>ED</sup>, SS<sup>ED</sup> and sO<sub>2</sub><sup>ED</sup> values were 2.6, 3.4, and 4.7 RBCs; −0.7, −0.9, and −1.2 dB/MHz; and 98.7 %, 97.2 %, and 96.7 %, respectively. Differences between SS<sup>ED</sup> and SS<sup>PS</sup> (δSS) and sO<sub>2</sub><sup>ED</sup> and sO<sub>2</sub><sup>PS</sup> (δsO<sub>2</sub>) increased with age, indicating aging-related increases in DSFSE and δSS, as well as decreases in sO<sub>2</sub><sup>PS</sup> and sO<sub>2</sub><sup>ED</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100709
Teng Lian , Yichen Lv , Kangjun Guo , Zilong Li , Jiahong Li , Guijun Wang , Jiabin Lin , Yiyang Cao , Qiegen Liu , Xianlin Song
{"title":"Generative priors-constraint accelerated iterative reconstruction for extremely sparse photoacoustic tomography boosted by mean-reverting diffusion model: Towards 8 projections","authors":"Teng Lian , Yichen Lv , Kangjun Guo , Zilong Li , Jiahong Li , Guijun Wang , Jiabin Lin , Yiyang Cao , Qiegen Liu , Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a novel non-invasive hybrid biomedical imaging technology, photoacoustic tomography combines the advantages of high contrast of optical imaging and high penetration of acoustic imaging. However, the conventional standard reconstruction methods under sparse view may lead to low-quality image in photoacoustic tomography. To address this problem, an advanced sparse reconstruction method for photoacoustic tomography based on the mean-reverting diffusion model is proposed. By modeling the degradation process from a high-quality image under full-view scanning (512 projections) to a sparse image with stable Gaussian noise (i.e., mean state), a mean-reverting diffusion model is trained to learn prior information of the data distribution. Then the learned prior information is employed to generate a high-quality image from the sparse image by iteratively sampling the noisy state. Blood vessels simulation data and the animal <em>in vivo</em> experimental data were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher-quality sparse reconstruction compared with conventional reconstruction methods and U-Net method. In addition, the proposed method dramatically speeds up the sparse reconstruction and achieves better reconstruction results for extremely sparse images compared with the method based on conventional diffusion model. The proposed method achieves an improvement of 0.52 (∼289 %) in structural similarity and 10.01 dB (∼59 %) in peak signal-to-noise ratio for extremely sparse projections (8 projections), compared with the conventional delay-and-sum method. This method is expected to shorten the acquisition time and reduce the cost of photoacoustic tomography, thus further expanding the range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100705
Minseong Kim , Ju Hee Han , Junho Ahn , Esther Kim , Chul Hwan Bang , Chulhong Kim , Ji Hyun Lee , Wonseok Choi
{"title":"In vivo 3D photoacoustic and ultrasound analysis of hypopigmented skin lesions: A pilot study","authors":"Minseong Kim , Ju Hee Han , Junho Ahn , Esther Kim , Chul Hwan Bang , Chulhong Kim , Ji Hyun Lee , Wonseok Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitiligo needs early identification for proper intervention. Current adjunct diagnostic methods rely mostly on subjective visual inspection. Thus, identification of early or atypical vitiligo lesions among other hypopigmentation disorders may pose challenges. To overcome this, we investigate the feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging technique as a new adjuvant analytic tool providing quantitative characterization of hypopigmentation features. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital (Seoul, Republic of Korea) between August 2022 and January 2024. Lesions diagnosed vitiligo or IGH in locations that could safely be irradiated with laser were analyzed with 3D PA/US imaging along with the conventional diagnostic methods. A total of 53 lesions consisted of 36 vitiligo lesions and 17 IGH lesions from 39 participants with confirmed diagnosis were analyzed. The PA amplitude greatly differed between normal skin and hypopigmentation lesions, and the mean PA amplitudes of vitiligo lesions were slightly higher than that of IGH [mean (standard deviation, SD): vitiligo: 0.117 (0.043); IGH: 0.135 (0.028)]. The local SD of the PA amplitude were higher in IGH than in vitiligo lesions [vitiligo: 0.043 (0.018); IGH: 0.067 (0.017)]. The mean PA slope across the lesion boundary was significantly higher in IGH than in vitiligo [vitiligo: 0.173 (0.061); IGH: 0.342 (0.099)], whereas the PA peak depth was deeper in vitiligo than in IGH [vitiligo: 0.568 (0.262); IGH: 0.266 (0.116)]. Unlike conventional qualitative methods, 3D PA/US imaging can non-invasively provide quantitative metrics which might aid in the differentiation of vitiligo from IGH lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100700
Gangwon Jeong , Umberto Villa , Mark A. Anastasio
{"title":"Revisiting the joint estimation of initial pressure and speed-of-sound distributions in photoacoustic computed tomography with consideration of canonical object constraints","authors":"Gangwon Jeong , Umberto Villa , Mark A. Anastasio","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) the accurate estimation of the initial pressure (IP) distribution generally requires knowledge of the object’s heterogeneous speed-of-sound (SOS) distribution. Although hybrid imagers that combine ultrasound tomography with PACT have been proposed, in many current applications of PACT the SOS distribution remains unknown. Joint reconstruction (JR) of the IP and SOS distributions from PACT measurement data alone can address this issue. However, this joint estimation problem is ill-posed and corresponds to a non-convex optimization problem. While certain regularization strategies have been deployed, stabilizing the JR problem to yield accurate estimates of the IP and SOS distributions has remained an open challenge. To address this, the presented numerical studies explore the effectiveness of easy to implement canonical object constraints for stabilizing the JR problem. The considered constraints include support, bound, and total variation constraints, which are incorporated into an optimization-based method for JR. Computer-simulation studies that employ anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms are conducted to evaluate the impact of these object constraints on JR accuracy. Additionally, the impact of certain data inconsistencies, such as caused by measurement noise and physics modeling mismatches, on the effectiveness of the object constraints is investigated. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the incorporation of canonical object constraints in an optimization-based image reconstruction method holds significant potential for mitigating the ill-posed nature of the PACT JR problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100712
Fan Yang , Zhengduo Yang , Zheng Zhu , Siwei Zhu , Wei Song , Yong Yang , Xiaocong Yuan
{"title":"A joint photoacoustic imaging and broadband spectral analysis for early-stage intraoperative pathology assessment: A case study with colorectal cancer","authors":"Fan Yang , Zhengduo Yang , Zheng Zhu , Siwei Zhu , Wei Song , Yong Yang , Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and rapid intraoperative diagnosis of micro-infiltration in early-stage tumors presents a formidable challenge for decades. Here, we propose a novel diagnostic approach, that combines Photoacoustic Morphological Imaging (PAMI) with an <em>in situ</em> broadband Photoacoustic Spectral Analysis (PASA), to implement intraoperative assessment of early-stage tumor while its high-frequencies between 50 and 150 MHz respond to various nuclei specifically. Our system, a broadband Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Microscopy (bUV-PAM), uniquely integrates ultraviolet laser-induced nucleus-specific photoacoustic excitation with broadband photoacoustic detection (up to 176 MHz at −6 dB) via an optical surface wave sensor. This approach facilitates the simultaneous acquisition of morphological and spectral information from unstained tissue sections, yielding a comprehensive dual-modality virtual slice within a single raster scan. Using human colorectal tissue samples, we applied the joint PAMI and <em>in situ</em> PASA approach across 6 case groups. Morphological features in PAMI showed a high concordance with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, whereas micro-infiltrative features were too indistinct to be identified in both PAMI and H&E images. In contrast, the PASA effectively distinguishes between micro-infiltrated and non-infiltrated tissues, a finding validated by subsequent Immunohistochemical (IHC) assessments. The preliminary results suggest that the joint approach holds potential to enhance intraoperative detection of micro-infiltration, thereby offering a promising avenue for accurate and rapid surgical margin assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100710
Yi Wang , Lei Bao , Benhong Li , Zhenhe Ma , Yuqian Zhao , Jian Liu , Jingmin Luan , Yao Yu
{"title":"Compact photoacoustic endoscopy by measuring initial photoacoustic pressure using phase-shift interferometry","authors":"Yi Wang , Lei Bao , Benhong Li , Zhenhe Ma , Yuqian Zhao , Jian Liu , Jingmin Luan , Yao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper demonstrates a novel photoacoustic endoscopy method using phase-shift interferometry (PSI) for photoacoustic signal detection. The method employs a three-step phase-shifting interferometry technique to detect changes in light intensity induced by the initial photoacoustic pressure. This enables identical optical structures for photoacoustic excitation and detection, simplifying the probe design and facilitating miniaturization. The proposed method eliminates the need for acoustic coupling agents, enabling non-contact detection. We employ a phase-shifting technique to mitigate the influence of random phase variations caused by environmental disturbances. The performance of the proposed method is verified by endoscopic imaging of carbon rods, leaf skeletons, and ex vivo mouse rectum tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100710"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100706
Hualin Yan , Zehui Gou , Hong Wang , Xiaoxia Zhu , Juxian Liu , Wenwu Ling , Lin Huang , Yan Luo
{"title":"Photoacoustic oxygenation imaging to identify ischemia/hypoxia injury and necrosis of intestine after acute intussusception: A comparative study with CDFI/CEUS","authors":"Hualin Yan , Zehui Gou , Hong Wang , Xiaoxia Zhu , Juxian Liu , Wenwu Ling , Lin Huang , Yan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute intussusception is a pediatric abdominal emergency that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. However, accurately identifying bowel necrosis non-invasively remains challenging with conventional sonography. In our study, we investigated the potential of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as an innovative method for assessing ischemia/hypoxia injury and intestinal necrosis in cases of acute intussusception. Using PAI, we measured intestinal oxygen saturation (sO<sub>2</sub>) levels and total hemoglobin (HbT) in various models of acute intussusception at different time points. Additionally, we evaluated blood supply and ischemia/hypoxia injury using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Based on histopathological results, intestinal sO₂ measured by PAI demonstrated optimal diagnostic performance for both ischemia/hypoxia injury and intestinal necrosis, with AUC values of 0.997 and 0.982, respectively, while CDFI and CEUS showed relatively high diagnostic performance for both ischemia/hypoxia injury and intestinal necrosis. In conclusion, PAI represents a promising, non-invasive imaging modality for assessing acute intussusception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotoacousticsPub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100708
Bo Sun , Tingting Wei , Mingjiang Zhang , Lijun Qiao , Zhe Ma , Angelo Sampaolo , Pietro Patimisco , Vincenzo Spagnolo , Hongpeng Wu , Lei Dong
{"title":"Optical synchronous signal demodulation-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for remote, multi-point methane detection in complex environments","authors":"Bo Sun , Tingting Wei , Mingjiang Zhang , Lijun Qiao , Zhe Ma , Angelo Sampaolo , Pietro Patimisco , Vincenzo Spagnolo , Hongpeng Wu , Lei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel optical synchronized signal demodulation (OSSD) method applied in quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) for remote gas sensing. Using 1 % of the laser source as an optical synchronization signal, kilometer-scale remote gas detection was achieved, overcoming the challenges of long-distance real-time detection in complex environments with conventional QEPAS. A time-sharing OSSD-QEPAS system for sewer methane detection was subsequently developed. The system’s modulation depth was optimized, and the catalytic effect of water vapor on photoacoustic signals was validated, resulting in a CH₄ sensor achieving a detection limit of 445 ppb with a 300-ms averaging time, and an excellent linear dynamic range with a R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999. To demonstrate the stability, robustness, and accuracy of the OSSD-QEPAS system, continuous methane measurements covering a 14-hour period at two different sewer locations on campus were performed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56025,"journal":{"name":"Photoacoustics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}