Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献_第8页

Toward decarbonization in steelmaking: A review on direct reduced iron using biomass-based syngas 炼钢脱碳之路：生物质合成气直接还原铁研究进展

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104554

Andreas Diga Pratama Putera , Hanafi Prida Putra , Feri Karuana , Hafizh Ghazidin , Fairuz Milkiy Kuswa , Suyatno Suyatno , Muhammad Aziz , Adi Prismantoko

{"title":"Toward decarbonization in steelmaking: A review on direct reduced iron using biomass-based syngas","authors":"Andreas Diga Pratama Putera , Hanafi Prida Putra , Feri Karuana , Hafizh Ghazidin , Fairuz Milkiy Kuswa , Suyatno Suyatno , Muhammad Aziz , Adi Prismantoko","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel industry, responsible for 7–9 % of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, faces increasing pressure to decarbonize its process. This review explores the potential of biomass-based syngas as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in direct reduced iron (DRI) production, drawing on previous research, and presents a thermodynamic analysis. Biomass gasification generates syngas rich in hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are the main reducing agents for the iron oxide to produce iron. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that CO is more effective for reduction at lower temperatures, while H<sub>2</sub> becomes favorable at temperatures above 1088 K. However, challenges such as biomass availability, variability in syngas composition produced, and impurities in the solid and gas phases (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>S, N<sub>2</sub>, and phosphorus) hinder widespread adoption. Current commercial DRI plants, like MIDREX and HYL/Energiron, primarily use natural gas, but biomass-derived syngas offers a promising pathway for decarbonization. This review provides important insights into biomass utilization for iron production via the direct reduction route and several challenges that need to be addressed to improve the adoption of the technology. It was found that biomass-derived syngas is a highly promising source in the DRI process, especially in terms of energy security, metallization, and carbon content. However, it faces several challenges toward realization, including inconsistent syngas composition/quality, syngas impurities, scaling up, capital investment, and operational cost. Further research and innovation are crucial to improve the performance, stabilize syngas quality, and make biomass utilization in DRI production a competitive option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104554"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing micro-scale solar-wind-hydro complementarity in a mountainous catchment through the stability coefficient 利用稳定系数评价山区集水区微尺度光风水电互补性

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104537

Fausto A. Canales , Jakub Jurasz

{"title":"Assessing micro-scale solar-wind-hydro complementarity in a mountainous catchment through the stability coefficient","authors":"Fausto A. Canales , Jakub Jurasz","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) into energy systems is challenging due to their non-dispatchability. Recently, complementary renewable generation has been deemed promising for providing smoother VRES integration, typically coupling two VRES; nevertheless, research has shown that coupling three or more VRES could be more effective in some instances. The lack of standardized methods to quantify complementarity among three or more VRES hinders the accurate assessment of hybrid systems’ stability, especially in decentralized and small-scale contexts where optimal combinations are essential for reliability. This study evaluates how the choice of the reference VRES affects the value and interpretation of the stability coefficient (<em>C<sub>stab</sub></em>) metric, whose original goal is to represent the reduction in the capacity factor (<em>CF<sub>mix</sub></em>) variability of a hybrid power system compared to a reference VRES. The study also compares the extended <em>C<sub>stab</sub></em> with the total temporal complementarity index, discussing similarities and differences. The case study uses multiannual hourly flow, wind, and solar data series from Kłodzko, Poland. The results indicate that the extended <em>C<sub>stab</sub></em> metric effectively represents the complementarity among three VRES. For the case study, the scenarios incorporating 3 VRES showed a higher installed capacity and <em>C<sub>stab</sub></em> values, with increases ranging from 12.5 % to 45.2 % and from 2.6 % to 40.6 %, respectively. However, these cases also show lower <em>CF<sub>mix</sub></em> values, decreasing between 3.2 % and 74.8 % compared to systems with two VRES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104537"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transient stability analysis of grid-forming VSC based on hybrid synchronization control under asymmetrical AC faults 非对称交流故障下基于混合同步控制的成网VSC暂态稳定性分析

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104534

Longyue Wang , Pengfei Hu , Xi Wang

{"title":"Transient stability analysis of grid-forming VSC based on hybrid synchronization control under asymmetrical AC faults","authors":"Longyue Wang , Pengfei Hu , Xi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of grid-forming control (GFMC) for converters exhibits superior active support characteristics and weak grid adaptability, which makes it a hot spot in academia and industry. However, the transient stability of GFMC during grid faults remains a critical challenge limiting its widespread deployment. While existing studies predominantly address the transient stability of GFMC under symmetrical faults, there is a notable lack of in-depth research on its performance under asymmetrical AC faults. This paper focuses on the latest grid-forming hybrid synchronization control (HSC), investigating its transient stability under asymmetrical AC faults. Firstly, a dual-sequence dynamic model of HSC is developed, accounting for the coupling of positive-and negative-sequence currents. Based on this model, the conditions for the existence of positive-and negative-sequence equilibrium points are qualitatively analyzed. Moreover, the transient stability boundary of HSC, characterized by the positive-and negative-sequence limit currents, is quantitatively determined using phase portrait. Additionally, the impact of control parameters on transient stability is examined. Finally, the accuracy of the transient stability analysis under asymmetrical AC faults are verified based on the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104534"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Location suitability analysis for offshore wind farms development within eligible marine areas: the case of Greece 在符合条件的海洋区域内开发海上风电场的位置适宜性分析：以希腊为例

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104559

Constantine Michailides , Eva Loukogeorgaki , Dimitra G. Vagiona

{"title":"Location suitability analysis for offshore wind farms development within eligible marine areas: the case of Greece","authors":"Constantine Michailides , Eva Loukogeorgaki , Dimitra G. Vagiona","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper focuses on the determination of suitable locations at eligible Offshore Wind Farm Organized Development Areas (OWFODA) in the Aegean Sea. A comprehensive location suitability analysis is developed and proposed. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is applied for evaluating the suitability of candidate locations separately at each OWFODA, based on nine technical and economic quantitative assessment criteria. The importance of all criteria is assessed using the CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method, facilitating objectivity in the corresponding quantification process. Publicly available 28-years data sets are deployed to quantify criteria related to offshore wind and wave conditions. Thematic maps of assessment criteria are produced presenting the specific features of each examined area, while the objective CRITIC method leads to different criteria weights among the three OWFODA. The existence of suitable locations and their tendencies within each area’s boundaries are explicitly shown in the finally produced suitability maps and can be used directly from relevant stakeholders for the location selection and development of OWFs. Management-related assessment criteria additionally to criteria associated with operational and cost aspects are dominating the determination of the suitable locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104559"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A solar-powered wearable physiological sensing system with self-sustained energy management: Design and implementation 具有自我维持能量管理的太阳能可穿戴生理传感系统：设计与实现

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104548

Ning Ding , Xiangyang Wang , Pengfei Jin , Daoming Liu , Yeyun Cai , Hailing Fu , Fang Deng

{"title":"A solar-powered wearable physiological sensing system with self-sustained energy management: Design and implementation","authors":"Ning Ding , Xiangyang Wang , Pengfei Jin , Daoming Liu , Yeyun Cai , Hailing Fu , Fang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable sensors are essential for continuous physiological monitoring, yet their long-term operation is often limited by power constraints, particularly under high power demands and device miniaturization. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a solar-powered wearable physiological sensing system with self-sustained energy management. Flexible solar cells embedded in clothing enable continuous energy harvesting, while an efficient hardware architecture and a staged startup strategy address cold-start issues under zero-energy conditions. Furthermore, an event-driven open-circuit voltage maximum power point tracking control algorithm, specifically designed for micro-scale photovoltaic systems, is integrated into the energy management unit, achieving a tracking accuracy of 99.75%. Through a synergistic hardware–software co-design, the system ensures sustained positive energy accumulation. It supports four flexible sensor nodes capable of acquiring, transmitting, and visualizing five physiological signals: electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature, and motion status. Experimental results demonstrate that the system maintains a stable 3.3V output under different solar irradiance and dynamic lighting conditions, enabling reliable self-powered operation of the four flexible sensor nodes. This work offers a promising approach for long-term, autonomous wearable health monitoring and energy optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104548"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines: A review 氢作为内燃机的替代燃料：综述

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104551

Abhishek Priyam

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on hybrid solar–PCM systems for energy-efficient buildings 节能建筑用混合太阳能- pcm系统综述

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104562

D. Christopher Selvam , Yuvarajan Devarajan , Tapas Kumar Mohapatra , Shailesh Kumar , S.P. Prashanth , Beemkumar Nagappan , Mahit Jain

{"title":"A comprehensive review on hybrid solar–PCM systems for energy-efficient buildings","authors":"D. Christopher Selvam , Yuvarajan Devarajan , Tapas Kumar Mohapatra , Shailesh Kumar , S.P. Prashanth , Beemkumar Nagappan , Mahit Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buildings account for approximately 38 % of global energy consumption and contribute to over 30 % of carbon dioxide emissions, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable energy alternatives. This comprehensive review examines hybrid solar–phase change material (PCM) systems that amalgamate photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) technologies alongside thermal energy storage. Utilizing a PRISMA-based approach, 80 peer-reviewed articles were scrutinized, indicating that PVT–PCM systems represent the most efficacious configuration, achieving efficiencies nearing 80 %, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) energy reductions of up to 40 %, and annual CO2 abatement in the range of 120–180 kg. Principal obstacles, including PCM deterioration, subcooling phenomena, and integration challenges, are meticulously analyzed in conjunction with innovations in nano-enhanced PCMs, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-augmented controls, and modular retrofitting strategies. The review underscores the originality of integrating lifecycle assessments, climate resilience, and policy frameworks to propose a comprehensive paradigm for net-zero, energy-positive architectural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104562"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shipping sector decarbonisation measures: A review 航运业脱碳措施：回顾

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104549

I. Robalo-Cabrera , A. Alcayde , A. Filgueira-Vizoso , L. Castro-Santos , A.I. García-Diez , F. Manzano-Agugliaro

{"title":"Shipping sector decarbonisation measures: A review","authors":"I. Robalo-Cabrera , A. Alcayde , A. Filgueira-Vizoso , L. Castro-Santos , A.I. García-Diez , F. Manzano-Agugliaro","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shipping sector faces a significant challenge in their contribution to achieving both the Paris Agreement target of limiting global warming below 2 ⁰C or even 1.5 ⁰C above pre-industrial levels and the International Maritime Organisation goal of greenhouse gas reduction in the shipping sector. Latest targets involve reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per transport work by 40% by 2030 compared to 2008 and a full decarbonisation of emissions from vessels by 2050. This situation has driven the shipping sector to explore technological, operational and market-based approaches, which are evaluated. These measures involve a wide range of solutions such as alternative fuels, energy efficiency systems, automatic monitoring, hull optimisation, power management, slow steaming, or regulatory interventions. Alternative fuels such as LNG, methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia offer high emission reduction potential, with LNG currently the most implemented due to its economic feasibility. However, many new builds are dual-fuel, and their real impact depends on fuel supply and policy enforcement. Energy efficiency technologies and carbon capture also show strong cost-effectiveness, particularly in retrofitting existing vessels. Moreover, operational strategies like slow steaming and route optimization contribute moderately but face practical limitations. Additionally, regulatory measures like EEDI and EEXI are essential yet unevenly enforced. The gap between design-stage decarbonisation features and operational fuel usage is highlighted, meaning a current need for integrated policy, infrastructure, and stakeholder engagement. Hence, critical challenges and synergies across measures are evaluated, supporting informed decisions toward achieving IMO’s 2050 decarbonisation target and advancing Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104549"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of carbon emission reduction and sustainable carbon finance potential in Photovoltaic power generation by Coupling Artificial Intelligence and life cycle model 基于人工智能与生命周期耦合模型的光伏发电碳减排与可持续碳金融潜力评价

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104528

Chenhao Huang , Xin Xu , Lijian Xie , Longlong Bai , Yixuan Wu , Weijiang Hu , Jinsong Deng

{"title":"Evaluation of carbon emission reduction and sustainable carbon finance potential in Photovoltaic power generation by Coupling Artificial Intelligence and life cycle model","authors":"Chenhao Huang , Xin Xu , Lijian Xie , Longlong Bai , Yixuan Wu , Weijiang Hu , Jinsong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With a typical designed lifespan of 25 years, Photovoltaic (PV) power has become a promising alternative solution to traditional thermal power generation due to its significant long-term clean electricity production. However, few efforts have been made to thoroughly evaluate the prospects of integrating PV into the emerging carbon financial markets to maximize both economic and ecological benefits. Given the burgeoning AI and remote sensing, this study proposed a systematic and scalable methodological framework of “Remote Sensing Extraction − Life Cycle Assessment − Carbon Finance Potential Analysis” to comprehensively investigate the scale, distribution, carbon footprint, carbon reduction, and economic performance of PV. With urgent energy transition needs and a vibrant carbon finance market, the Yangtze River Delta region of China was then selected for a case study. The results indicate that the proposed multi-method framework exhibits a satisfactory accuracy-efficiency balance, with over 94 % extraction accuracy, rapid cloud platform-based processing, and a convenient modular evaluation workflow. With a PV construction area of 577 km<sup>2</sup> in 2020, the region will achieve an emission reduction benefit of 367 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> and a carbon financial potential of RMB 805.65 billion over a 25-year PV life cycle. Moreover, the distinct spatial pattern of these previously little-recognized substantial benefits demonstrates the necessity of leveraging PV-driven yields according to specific local conditions. By quantifying the multifaceted contribution of the PV industry, this interdisciplinary study aims to facilitate pioneering practices of market expansion and climate response among traders and policymakers, thereby enabling an economically beneficial and environmentally sustainable pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104528"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Landfill gas as the external hydrogen source to enhance the methanol production from excavated waste: The choice of the chemical looping and the autothermal dry reforming integrated with sorption-enhanced water gas shift 垃圾填埋气作为外氢源提高挖掘废弃物甲醇产量：选择化学环法和自热干法重整结合吸附强化水煤气转换

IF 7 2区工程技术

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104552

Jiehong Tang , Yuting Tang , Hongyu Liu , Xinfei Chen , Hailong Yang , Ziwei Sun , Xiaoqian Ma

{"title":"Landfill gas as the external hydrogen source to enhance the methanol production from excavated waste: The choice of the chemical looping and the autothermal dry reforming integrated with sorption-enhanced water gas shift","authors":"Jiehong Tang , Yuting Tang , Hongyu Liu , Xinfei Chen , Hailong Yang , Ziwei Sun , Xiaoqian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The in-situ utilization of landfill gas (LFG) as the extra H<sub>2</sub> source can boost the methanol (MeOH) production from the excavated waste (EW). In this study, EW&LFG-to-MeOH life-cycle systems with different LFG reforming ways, including the chemical looping (CL) and the autothermal dry reforming integrated with sorption-enhanced water gas shift (ATDR-SEWGS), are proposed. Schemes are named after letter A & B (denoting using 05EW and 15EW) and number 1 & 2 (denoting applying ATDR-SEWGS and CL). Results show that higher thermal self-satisfaction demands and reduced MeOH yield has brought the lower <em>η<sub>ex</sub></em> in Scheme A2 (59.69 %) and B2 (60.79 %) than that of Scheme A1 (63.10 %) and B1 (63.21 %). The drop in the MeOH yield is more influential than the reduced energy consumption to the global warming (GW) impacts. The life-cycle GW for Schemes A1, A2, B1, and B2 is respective 866.81, 892.98, 512.39, and 524.74 kg<sub>CO2eq</sub>/ton<sub>MeOH</sub>. Economically, as the decrease in <em>TCI</em> and <em>APC</em> of the Schemes A2/B2 is more advantageous than the increase of <em>AIC</em>, reporting higher <em>NPV</em> of Schemes A2/B2 (79.27/75.96 M$) than that of Schemes A1/B1 (72.43/63.60 M$). In conclusion, Schemes A1/B1 and A2/B2 are preferable in environmental and economic aspects, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104552"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0