Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献

{"title":"Siphon self-powered water level warning system with energy harvesting function based on triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"Yili Hu ,&nbsp;Zekang Wang ,&nbsp;Chunxue Wu ,&nbsp;Jianping Li ,&nbsp;Jijie Ma ,&nbsp;Yingting Wang ,&nbsp;Tinghai Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianming Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water level monitoring is crucial for early warning and automatic alarming of floods. As climate change causes floods to become more frequent and severe, it is urgent to develop novel water level sensing and warning systems to mitigate economic and social losses. This work proposes a siphon self-powered water level warning system with an energy harvesting function based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Specifically, a siphon unit with multistage siphon pipes is designed to convert the water level height information and water level potential energy into outlet flow rate information and water flow kinetic energy, respectively, which are then converted by a sensing and power generation cooperation unit into the frequency information and electrical energy. The presented water level sensing principle is based on linear relationship between frequency and water level, providing centimeter-level resolution and excellent stability in various humidity environments. Besides, rotational triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) combined with the siphon unit transforms high-entropy water level potential energy into low-entropy steady electrical energy, achieving maximum voltage of 400 V and power of 2.9 mW. Furthermore, demonstration experiments show the system functions of water level sensing and early warning. This TENG-based water level warning system holds significant potential for developing self-powered flood warning wireless sensing networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104400"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of methanol concentration on combustion and vibro-acoustic behaviour of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with waste fried oil biodiesel-methanol-diesel ternary fuel blends at lower compression ratio","authors":"M. Ananda Murugan,&nbsp;Nataraj Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many studies explored the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of the ternary fuel blends; however, the noise and vibration levels of the engine fueled with ternary fuel blends are not much explored. So, in this study, the influence of methanol concentration in ternary fuel blends (waste fried oil biodiesel (B)-diesel (D)-methanol (M)) on combustion and vibro-acoustic behavior is explored in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Three ternary blends were prepared by varying biodiesel and methanol ratios. The experiments are carried out by varying the engine load at a lower compression ratio of 17:1. Vibro-acoustic measurements were taken using a triaxial accelerometer on the cylinder head and two microphones. Ternary blends with 10% and 30% methanol increased cylinder pressure by 3.46% and 3.38% at peak load, respectively, compared to diesel. At mid-load, 10% and 20% methanol blends exhibited 4.1% and 1.23% higher cylinder pressure. Ternary blends with higher methanol concentrations significantly increased the rate of pressure rise. B20M30D50, B30M20D50, and B40M10D50 showed RoPR increases of 5.81%, 13.103%, and 5.66%, respectively. Methanol concentrations above 10% increased acceleration amplitudes across all accelerometer directions. Higher noise pressure levels were observed near the intake and exhaust manifolds, likely due to their proximity to fluid-induced noise sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding savonius turbine wake for 2-D and 3-D simulations: proper orthogonal decomposition of velocity components","authors":"Shivam Singh Tomar,&nbsp;Anupam Dewan","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Savonius turbines, known for their low cost and ease of maintenance, are widely used as small-scale wind and hydrokinetic turbines. However, significant discrepancies exist between two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, particularly in predicting wake dynamics. This study investigates wake characteristics across varying tip speed ratios (TSRs) using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of velocity components from 3-D simulations. POD analysis reveals that for TSR ≤ 1.0, vortex shedding from blade tips dominates, whereas for TSR &gt; 1.0, rotational motion becomes more prominent, followed by vortex shedding. The vertical velocity component shows dominant POD modes at the rotational frequency and its harmonics, while the streamwise and lateral components are primarily influenced by the vortex shedding frequencies. These dynamics are absent in 2-D simulations due to the lack of vortex stretching in the third direction, leading to fundamentally different modal structures. Additionally, results show vertical transport is critical to wake recovery, significantly outweighing lateral transport up to two rotor diameters downstream—an effect not captured in 2-D simulations. Since accurate wake modelling is essential for predicting the performance of Savonius turbine arrays, especially in streamwise configurations, the limitations of 2-D simulations pose a challenge. This study provides physical insights into the origins of those limitations and highlights the necessity of 3-D simulations for reliable prediction of array power coefficients. The findings also serve as a foundation for future development of reduced-order models for low-cost array simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104399"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From environmental invasive weeds to solid biofuels: assessing bioenergy potential through pelletisation and operational optimisation","authors":"Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira ,&nbsp;Sameer Punde ,&nbsp;Damian Hine ,&nbsp;Sudhir Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global moves towards net-zero emissions have led to rising demand for renewable solid bioenergy, including biomass pellets. Invasive environmental weeds (IEW) represent an underutilised biomass stream that can be diverted from landfills and repurposed as fuel. This study examines the potential of converting IEW into market-grade pellets. Fifteen weed species (woody and non-woody) were characterised for lignocellulosic composition, ash content, and elemental profiles. Pellets were produced under varied temperature (25–100 °C) and pressure (50–150  bar) conditions. Key indicators of quality (durability, unit density, ash content, and calorific value) were assessed against industry standards (ISO 17,225 and EN<em>plus</em>®). Non-woody species such as Brazilian Nightshade and Climbing Asparagus, containing about 24 % lignin, produced durable pellets (97–98 %) with high energy density (up to 3.9 GJ/m³) and low ash (&lt;5.1 %). Some species (e.g., Singapore Daisy, Mexican Ruellia) had elevated ash and problematic elements (K, Na, S). Response surface modelling revealed optimal pelleting parameters, while principal component analysis underscored lignin content, ash chemistry, and particle size distribution as factors influencing pellet performance. Results show that, with suitable processing, IEW can be valorised for bioenergy. Future work should address ash-related challenges via co-pelleting or additives to facilitate large-scale uptake and contribute to net-zero targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental investigation of phase change material (PCM)-enhanced cavity walls with integrated windows in office buildings: Optimising energy savings","authors":"Ronny Achaku ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the optimal PCM position for energy-saving potential in multi-layered PCM wall buildings with windows has been investigated, focusing on moderating indoor temperatures and reducing heating and cooling loads. An experimental setup was constructed to measure the thermal behaviour of the PCM wall with a double-glazed window. The results indicated that the optimal PCM positions were in an arrange of 341 mm and 356 mm measured from the external surface of the wall through which the energy consumption for heating and cooling could be reduced by approximately 34–37% and yielded both a moderate PMV maximum value of 0.21 and a PPD value of 6.0%. As the PCM distance was increased from the outer wall layer to the inner wall layer, the heat transfer rate across the wall followed an exponentially decaying function combined with a sinusoidal component, influenced by a phase shift, amplitude modification, and a constant offset. This reduction in heat transfer was achieved through the PCM’s capacity to absorb and release latent heat, thereby stabilising indoor temperatures and reducing dependency on HVAC systems. These findings underscore the potential of PCM layers to contribute to the design of more energy-efficient and sustainable building and wall structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104381"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost real-time monitoring and automated control system for a bench-scale portable downdraft gasifier","authors":"Antonio Rodríguez Orta ,&nbsp;Manuel Sánchez Raya ,&nbsp;Roque Aguado Molina ,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Gómez Galán ,&nbsp;David Vera Candeas ,&nbsp;Diego A. López García","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research work focuses on the development of a real-time monitoring and automated control system with remote access, as well as integrated data collection and storage, for a portable biomass gasification prototype to generate electricity from agricultural waste. The prototype consists of an air-blown downdraft fixed-bed gasifier and a producer gas conditioning unit, which operate together in a remotely controlled ensemble. The proposed system stands out for its compact size, transportability, and low-cost design, making it suitable for implementation in small agricultural facilities, especially in areas where conventional electrification is limited or non-existent. Two preliminary tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the monitoring system. In the first test, the system achieved a target temperature of 600 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> in less than 20 min and maintained it within a variation range of <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>25</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>. After holding this temperature for an hour, the setpoint was raised to 800 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>, with the system achieving the new target in less than 10 min. In the second test, a setpoint of 800 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> was reached in 16 min, with an additional 3 min required for stabilization. Both tests, lasting approximately 4 h, consumed a total of 13.43 kg of biomass. The results demonstrate the system’s ability to reach target temperatures in less than 25 min while maintaining stable temperature oscillations. The system’s graphical interface enables intuitive, real-time, and remote monitoring and management of temperatures in several zones along the gasifier’s height. Additionally, the interface allows manual or algorithmic control of the system’s actuators, with the ability to modify the control algorithms through over-the-air updates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104344"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and performance evaluation of the NPC/amorphous-Sn2P2O7 by dealloying of CuNiSnP alloy for supercapacitor application","authors":"Mircea Nicolaescu ,&nbsp;Mina-Ionela Popescu (m Morariu) ,&nbsp;Cosmin Codrean ,&nbsp;Iosif Hulka ,&nbsp;Corina Orha ,&nbsp;Carmen Lazau ,&nbsp;Cornelia Bandas ,&nbsp;Narcis Duteanu","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present study focuses on the evaluation of the energy storage performance of possible pyrophosphate supercapacitor materials obtained by dealloying process. The electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques using a system based on three-electrode cell in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. A direct assessment of the influence of dealloying time for capacitance was performed, showing that partial dealloying improves energy storage. Furthermore, the synthesized materials were investigated morpho-structurally to present behavior of the materials at immersion times between 3 and 24 h. Obtained results presents that the highest capacitance value about 269.36 mF cm⁻² measured from CV analysis was observed for the electrode at 3 h immersion time at 5 mV s⁻¹ scan rate. The GCD results confirmed also the superiority of the electrode material by recording the maximum specific capacitance of 268.7 mF cm⁻² at 1 mA cm⁻² calculated for the electrode at 3 h immersion time. All the as-synthesized electrodes presented an excellent cyclic stability showing an increase in retention rates over 100 %. For the as-obtained electrode a retention rate about 129.33 % at 24 h immersion time over 500 cycles, was obtained. In addition, aqueous symmetric supercapacitors were assembled based on the experimental program. Capacitance values were calculated from the CV data as a function of potential window and scan rate. The highest capacitance was observed for the CSP-12 h//CSP-12 h symmetric supercapacitor, reaching 49.24 mF cm⁻² at 1.4 V. As a function of scan rate, the CSP-24 h//CSP-24 h device exhibited the highest capacitance, reaching 45.72 mF cm⁻² at 5 mV s⁻¹. GCD measurements as a function of potential window showed that the CSP-6 h//CSP-6 h and CSP-12 h//CSP-12 h devices demonstrated the best performance, with the highest capacitance values of approximately 46 mF cm⁻² achieved at 1.4 V. Furthermore, the CSP-12 h//CSP-12 h device delivered a power density of 5.46 mW cm⁻² at an energy density of 0.027 mWh cm⁻². Over 3000 cycles, the maximum retention rate was approximately 30.42 %, observed for the CSP-3 h//CSP-3 h device. This research presents a promising technique for producing pyrophosphate material for supercapacitor application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104383"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing efficiency with active diameter modulation of vertical axis wind turbine","authors":"Ken-Yeen Lee ,&nbsp;Andrew Cruden ,&nbsp;Jo-Han Ng ,&nbsp;Kok-Hoe Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind turbines rely heavily on prevailing wind conditions, yet the dynamic nature of wind often limits the efficiency of turbines with fixed dimensions. While previous research has explored variable concepts such as pitch angle, deformable aerofoils, etc., studies on variable solidity are scarce. This study proposes a novel variable diameter vertical axis wind turbine (VD-VAWT) designed to dynamically adapt to varying tip speed ratios (TSR), enhancing performance and expanding its wind capture range. This VD-VAWT comprises a special mechanism design that enables the turbine blade to slide along the strut. Experiments were conducted on a VD-VAWT with two straight-bladed NACA0018 aerofoils. Initially, the fixed diameter experiments spanning 300 mm to 800 mm were conducted which identified 600 mm as the optimal diameter, achieving a maximum power coefficient (<em>C_P,</em> _max) of 0.2748. The active control VD-VAWT demonstrated significant performance improvements, with power yields surpassing fixed diameter turbines by 34 % at 600 mm and 68 % at 800 mm. While changing its diameter, it can maximize the <em>C_P</em> at different TSRs. In addition, the VD-VAWT enhanced self-starting capabilities, dynamic self-regulation for optimal conditions, and potential storm protection. This innovation demonstrates the potential of adaptable turbines to achieve higher efficiency and versatility in fluctuating wind conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104363"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic modeling and optimization of biogas production from maize silage for sustainable energy systems","authors":"K. Bułkowska ,&nbsp;I. Białobrzewski ,&nbsp;T. Pokój","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion is a crucial process for sustainable energy production and offers a way to produce biogas from agricultural biomass such as maize silage. This study evaluates the application of a modified Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to improve simulation accuracy for biogas production from maize silage digestion. Key modifications included the inclusion of lactic acid, <em>iso</em>-valeric acid and <em>iso</em>-butyric acid, essential intermediates of maize silage fermentation. A sensitivity analysis identified the disintegration constant (k_dis = 0.191 d⁻¹) and the hydrolysis rate constant for carbohydrates (k_{hyd_ch} = 1.624 d⁻¹) as critical parameters. Optimization of the parameters using genetic algorithms has improved the accuracy of the model, as shown by an improved Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient. This research highlights the importance of precise parameter tuning to optimize biogas production and illustrates the potential of advanced modeling to support energy efficiency in agricultural biogas systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Sweden’s hydrogen export potential: A Techno-Economic analysis of compressed hydrogen and chemical carriers","authors":"Kumail Marnate,&nbsp;Stefan Grönkvist","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sweden, with its abundant access to low-cost, fossil-free electricity, is well-positioned to become a significant hydrogen exporter. This study presents a techno-economic analysis of different hydrogen carriers—compressed hydrogen, methanol, ammonia, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC)—for export applications. Using the Northern Green Crane Project as a reference for scale, the analysis focuses on cost optimization for hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. A linear programming model is developed to optimize capacities and operational strategies for each carrier, ensuring a fair basis for comparison. Results indicate that LOHC and ammonia are competitive with compressed hydrogen, showing particular promise for larger-scale, long-distance deliveries. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders developing Sweden’s hydrogen export strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 104359"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}