Shipping sector decarbonisation measures: A review

IF 7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI:10.1016/j.seta.2025.104549

I. Robalo-Cabrera , A. Alcayde , A. Filgueira-Vizoso , L. Castro-Santos , A.I. García-Diez , F. Manzano-Agugliaro

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Abstract

The shipping sector faces a significant challenge in their contribution to achieving both the Paris Agreement target of limiting global warming below 2 ⁰C or even 1.5 ⁰C above pre-industrial levels and the International Maritime Organisation goal of greenhouse gas reduction in the shipping sector. Latest targets involve reducing CO₂ emissions per transport work by 40% by 2030 compared to 2008 and a full decarbonisation of emissions from vessels by 2050. This situation has driven the shipping sector to explore technological, operational and market-based approaches, which are evaluated. These measures involve a wide range of solutions such as alternative fuels, energy efficiency systems, automatic monitoring, hull optimisation, power management, slow steaming, or regulatory interventions. Alternative fuels such as LNG, methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia offer high emission reduction potential, with LNG currently the most implemented due to its economic feasibility. However, many new builds are dual-fuel, and their real impact depends on fuel supply and policy enforcement. Energy efficiency technologies and carbon capture also show strong cost-effectiveness, particularly in retrofitting existing vessels. Moreover, operational strategies like slow steaming and route optimization contribute moderately but face practical limitations. Additionally, regulatory measures like EEDI and EEXI are essential yet unevenly enforced. The gap between design-stage decarbonisation features and operational fuel usage is highlighted, meaning a current need for integrated policy, infrastructure, and stakeholder engagement. Hence, critical challenges and synergies across measures are evaluated, supporting informed decisions toward achieving IMO’s 2050 decarbonisation target and advancing Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13.

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航运业脱碳措施：回顾

航运业在实现《巴黎协定》将全球变暖限制在工业化前水平以上2摄氏度以下甚至1.5摄氏度以下的目标和国际海事组织在航运业减少温室气体排放的目标方面面临着重大挑战。最新的目标是，到2030年，每项运输工作的二氧化碳排放量比2008年减少40%，到2050年，船舶排放完全脱碳。这种情况促使航运部门探索技术、业务和基于市场的方法，并对这些方法进行了评估。这些措施涉及广泛的解决方案，如替代燃料、能源效率系统、自动监控、船体优化、电源管理、慢速航行或监管干预。LNG、甲醇、氢气和氨等替代燃料具有很高的减排潜力，由于其经济可行性，目前LNG的应用最多。然而，许多新建筑是双燃料的，它们的真正影响取决于燃料供应和政策执行。能源效率技术和碳捕获也显示出很强的成本效益，特别是在改造现有船舶方面。此外，慢速航行和航线优化等运营策略的贡献适度，但面临实际限制。此外，像EEDI和EEXI这样的监管措施是必不可少的，但执行起来并不均衡。报告强调了设计阶段脱碳功能与运营燃料使用之间的差距，这意味着当前需要综合政策、基础设施和利益相关者的参与。因此，评估了各种措施之间的关键挑战和协同作用，为实现国际海事组织2050年脱碳目标和推进可持续发展目标7和13提供了明智的决策。

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来源期刊

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

12.50%

发文量

1091

期刊介绍： Encouraging a transition to a sustainable energy future is imperative for our world. Technologies that enable this shift in various sectors like transportation, heating, and power systems are of utmost importance. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments welcomes papers focusing on a range of aspects and levels of technological advancements in energy generation and utilization. The aim is to reduce the negative environmental impact associated with energy production and consumption, spanning from laboratory experiments to real-world applications in the commercial sector.