Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"No evidence for differential saccadic adaptation in children and adults with an Autism Spectrum diagnosis.","authors":"K. Tarrit, E. Freedman, A. Francisco, D. J. Horsthuis, S. Molholm, John J. Foxe","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.31.23290682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.05.31.23290682","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Differential eye-movements during scene exploration, and gaze preferences in social settings, have long been noted as features of the Autism phenotype. While these are typically attributed to differences in social engagement and interests (e.g., preferences for inanimate objects over face stimuli), there are also reports of differential saccade measures to non-social stimuli, raising the possibility that fundamental differences in visuo-sensorimotor processing may be at play. Here, we tested the plasticity of the eye-movement system using a classic saccade-adaptation paradigm to assess whether individuals with ASD make typical adjustments to their eye-movements in response to experimentally introduced errors. Saccade adaptation can be measured in infants as young as 10 months, raising the possibility that such measures could be useful as early neuromarkers of ASD risk. Methods: Saccade amplitudes were measured while children and adults with ASD (N=41) and age-matched typically developing (TD) individuals (N=68) made rapid eye-movements to peripherally presented (20-degrees) targets. During adaptation trials, the target was relocated to 15-degrees from fixation once a saccade to the original target location was initiated, a manipulation that leads to systematic reduction in saccade amplitudes in typical observers. Results: Neither children nor adults with ASD showed any differences relative to TD peers in their abilities to appropriately adapt saccades in the face of persistently introduced errors. Conclusions: Of the three studies to date of saccade adaptation in ASD, none have shown frank deficits in saccade adaptation. Unlike prior studies, we found no evidence for a slower adaptation rate during the early adaptation phase, and no evidence greater variance of saccade amplitudes in ASD. In post-hoc analysis, there was evidence for larger primary saccades to non-adapted targets, a finding requiring replication in future work.","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The brain is not mental! coupling neuronal and immune cellular processing in human organisms.","authors":"Anna Ciaunica, Evgeniya V Shmeleva, Michael Levin","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1057622","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1057622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant efforts have been made in the past decades to understand how mental and cognitive processes are underpinned by neural mechanisms in the brain. This paper argues that a promising way forward in understanding the nature of human cognition is to zoom out from the prevailing picture focusing on its neural basis. It considers instead how neurons work in tandem with other type of cells (e.g., immune) to subserve biological self-organization and adaptive behavior of the human organism as a whole. We focus specifically on the immune cellular processing as key actor in complementing neuronal processing in achieving successful self-organization and adaptation of the human body in an ever-changing environment. We overview theoretical work and empirical evidence on \"basal cognition\" challenging the idea that only the neuronal cells in the brain have the exclusive ability to \"learn\" or \"cognize.\" The focus on cellular rather than neural, brain processing underscores the idea that flexible responses to fluctuations in the environment require a carefully crafted orchestration of multiple cellular and bodily systems at multiple organizational levels of the biological organism. Hence cognition can be seen as a multiscale web of dynamic information processing distributed across a vast array of complex cellular (e.g., neuronal, immune, and others) and network systems, operating across the entire body, and not just in the brain. Ultimately, this paper builds up toward the radical claim that cognition should not be confined to one system alone, namely, the neural system in the brain, no matter how sophisticated the latter notoriously is.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1057622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10230067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9939987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging event-related potentials with behavioral studies in motor learning.","authors":"Xueqian Deng, Chen Yang, Jingyue Xu, Mengzhan Liufu, Zina Li, Juan Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1161918","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1161918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral approaches and electrophysiology in understanding human sensorimotor systems have both yielded substantial advancements in past decades. In fact, behavioral neuroscientists have found that motor learning involves the two distinct processes of the implicit and the explicit. Separately, they have also distinguished two kinds of errors that drive motor learning: sensory prediction error and task error. Scientists in electrophysiology, in addition, have discovered two motor-related, event-related potentials (ERPs): error-related negativity (ERN), and feedback-related negativity (FRN). However, there has been a lack of interchange between the two lines of research. This article, therefore, will survey through the literature in both directions, attempting to establish a bridge between these two fruitful lines of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1161918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10164924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call to leverage a health equity lens to accelerate human neuroscience research.","authors":"Vida Rebello, Kristina A Uban","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1035597","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1035597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigation of health inequities tend to be examined, in human neurosciences, as biological factors at the level of the individual. In actuality, health inequities arise, due largely in part, to deep-seated structural factors. Structural inequality refers to the systemic disadvantage of one social group compared to others with whom they coexist. The term encompasses policy, law, governance, and culture and relates to race, ethnicity, gender or gender identity, class, sexual orientation, and other domains. These structural inequalities include but are not limited to social segregation, the intergenerational effects of colonialism and the consequent distribution of power and privilege. Principles to address inequities influenced by structural factors are increasingly prevalent in a subfield of the neurosciences, i.e., cultural neurosciences. Cultural neuroscience articulates the bidirectional relationship between biology and environmental contextual factors surrounding research participants. However, the operationalization of these principles may not have the intended spillover effect on the majority of human neurosciences: this limitation is the overarching focus of the present piece. Here, we provide our perspective that these principles are missing and very much needed in all human neuroscience subdisciplines to accelerate our understanding of the human brain. Furthermore, we provide an outline of two key tenets of a health equity lens necessary for achieving research equity in human neurosciences: the social determinants of health (SDoH) framework and how to deal with confounders using counterfactual thinking. We argue that these tenets should be prioritized across future human neuroscience research more generally, and doing so is a pathway to further gain an understanding of contextual background intertwined with the human brain, thus improving the rigor and inclusivity of human neuroscience research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1035597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10150449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equity, diversity, and inclusion in developmental neuroscience: Practical lessons from community-based participatory research.","authors":"Shayna La Scala, Jordan L Mullins, Rengin B Firat, Kalina J Michalska","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2022.1007249","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2022.1007249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exclusion of racialized minorities in neuroscience directly harms communities and potentially leads to biased prevention and intervention approaches. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other neuroscientific techniques offer progressive insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of mental health research agendas, it is incumbent on us as researchers to pay careful attention to issues of diversity and representation as they apply in neuroscience research. Discussions around these issues are based largely on scholarly expert opinion without actually involving the community under study. In contrast, community-engaged approaches, specifically Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), actively involve the population of interest in the research process and require collaboration and trust between community partners and researchers. This paper outlines a community-engaged neuroscience approach for the development of our developmental neuroscience study on mental health outcomes in preadolescent Latina youth. We focus on \"positionality\" (the multiple social positions researchers and the community members hold) and \"reflexivity\" (the ways these positions affect the research process) as conceptual tools from social sciences and humanities. We propose that integrating two unique tools: a positionality map and Community Advisory Board (CAB) into a CBPR framework can counter the biases in human neuroscience research by making often invisible-or taken-for-granted power dynamics visible and bolstering equitable participation of diverse communities in scientific research. We discuss the benefits and challenges of incorporating a CBPR method in neuroscience research with an illustrative example of a CAB from our lab, and highlight key generalizable considerations in research design, implementation, and dissemination that we hope are useful for scholars wishing to take similar approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"16 ","pages":"1007249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9594952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender diversity associated with patterns of brain activation seen in populations that experience childhood stress.","authors":"Hannah Loso,&nbsp;Bader Chaarani,&nbsp;Sarahjane Locke Dube,&nbsp;Matthew D Albaugh,&nbsp;Aya Cheaito,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan,&nbsp;Alexandra Potter","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1084748","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1084748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stressful childhood experiences are associated with unique brain activity patterns during emotional processing. Specifically, pediatric stress is linked to activation in the insulae, superior temporal and parahippocampal gyri, and the amygdalae, as well as differential activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex when viewing emotional faces. Gender diversity is broadly associated with higher victimization and mental health disparities in children aged 9/10, but whether it is associated with stress-like alterations in brain function (BOLD signal during task-based fMRI) remains unknown. We investigate the functional brain correlates of this relationship to determine if gender-diverse youth show patterns of functional activity during an emotional task consistent with those of other populations that experience heightened stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)^® study. First, we identified a subset of 4,385 participants aged 10/11 years with gender diversity data and quality-controlled fMRI data from the EN-Back (emotional <i>n</i>-back) task. The EN-Back is a working memory task that presents emotion faces as well as pictures of places as control stimuli. We regressed BOLD signal associated with emotion faces (faces minus places contrast) on gender diversity. Next, we tested if parental acceptance or youth perceptions of their school environment moderated the relationship between gender diversity and activation in the insulae or fusiform gyrus. Finally, we used structural equation modeling to investigate gender diversity's association with parental acceptance, perceptions of school environments, internalizing and externalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gender diversity was associated with widespread increases in BOLD signal during the faces condition of the EN-Back task. Youth's report of parental acceptance and school environment did not moderate the relationship between gender diversity and BOLD signal in the insula or fusiform gyrus. Gender diversity was related to greater parent and school-related stress, which was associated with elevated mental health problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patterns of functional activity were consistent with those reported in prior literature on childhood stress. Gender diversity was associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, as well as parent and school-related stress. These findings indicate the importance of the home and school environments for supporting the wellbeing of gender diverse youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1084748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9197646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Aging with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).","authors":"Zheng Wang, Matthew W Mosconi","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1167014","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1167014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1167014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10018133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9499912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary views of fNIRS: Current advancements, equity challenges, and an agenda for future needs of a diverse fNIRS research community.","authors":"Emily J Doherty, Cara A Spencer, Jeremy Burnison, Marta Čeko, Jenna Chin, Lucca Eloy, Kerstin Haring, Pilyoung Kim, Daniel Pittman, Shannon Powers, Samuel L Pugh, Demetris Roumis, Jaclyn A Stephens, Tom Yeh, Leanne Hirshfield","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1059679","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1059679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an innovative and promising neuroimaging modality for studying brain activity in real-world environments. While fNIRS has seen rapid advancements in hardware, software, and research applications since its emergence nearly 30 years ago, limitations still exist regarding all three areas, where existing practices contribute to greater bias within the neuroscience research community. We spotlight fNIRS through the lens of different end-application users, including the unique perspective of a fNIRS manufacturer, and report the challenges of using this technology across several research disciplines and populations. Through the review of different research domains where fNIRS is utilized, we identify and address the presence of bias, specifically due to the restraints of current fNIRS technology, limited diversity among sample populations, and the societal prejudice that infiltrates today's research. Finally, we provide resources for minimizing bias in neuroscience research and an application agenda for the future use of fNIRS that is equitable, diverse, and inclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1059679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10010439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10281134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding cingulotomy's therapeutic effect in OCD through computer models.","authors":"Mohamed A Sherif, Aryandokht Fotros, Benjamin D Greenberg, Nicole C R McLaughlin","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2022.889831","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2022.889831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cingulotomy is therapeutic in OCD, but what are the possible mechanisms? Computer models that formalize cortical OCD abnormalities and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function can help answer this. At the neural dynamics level, cortical dynamics in OCD have been modeled using attractor networks, where activity patterns resistant to change denote the inability to switch to new patterns, which can reflect inflexible thinking patterns or behaviors. From that perspective, cingulotomy might reduce the influence of difficult-to-escape ACC attractor dynamics on other cortical areas. At the functional level, computer formulations based on model-free reinforcement learning (RL) have been used to describe the multitude of phenomena ACC is involved in, such as tracking the timing of expected outcomes and estimating the cost of exerting cognitive control and effort. Different elements of model-free RL models of ACC could be affected by the inflexible cortical dynamics, making it challenging to update their values. An agent can also use a world model, a representation of how the states of the world change, to plan its actions, through model-based RL. OCD has been hypothesized to be driven by reduced certainty of how the brain's world model describes changes. Cingulotomy might improve such uncertainties about the world and one's actions, making it possible to trust the outcomes of these actions more and thus reduce the urge to collect more sensory information in the form of compulsions. Connecting the neural dynamics models with the functional formulations can provide new ways of understanding the role of ACC in OCD, with potential therapeutic insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"16 ","pages":"889831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9871832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cost of aiming for the best answers: Inconsistent perception.","authors":"Jeroen B J Smeets,&nbsp;Eli Brenner","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1118240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1118240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The laws of physics and mathematics describe the world we live in as internally consistent. As these rules provide a very effective description, and our interaction with the world is also very effective, it seems self-evident that our perception follows these laws. As a result, when trying to explain imperfections in perception, we tend to impose consistency and introduce concepts such as deformations of visual space. In this review, we provide numerous examples that show that in many situations we perceive related attributes to have inconsistent values. We discuss how our tendency to assume consistency leads to erroneous conclusions on how we process sensory information. We propose that perception is not about creating a consistent internal representation of the outside world, but about answering specific questions about the outside world. As the information used to answer a question is specific for that question, this naturally leads to inconsistencies in perception and to an apparent dissociation between some perceptual judgments and related actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1118240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10114592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}