Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Thermo-mechanical behavior of an energy retaining pile for geothermal extraction","authors":"Di Wu ,&nbsp;Liang Kong ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Kong ,&nbsp;Jincheng Fang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Yifei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A field test was conducted to assess the thermo-mechanical behavior of a full-scale energy retaining pile (ERP) adjacent to a utility tunnel during geothermal extraction. Numerical models were also established and calibrated using measured data. The extracted thermal power, temperature, thermally induced strain and stress, and bending moment of the ERP were analyzed. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted using validated numerical models to assess the impact of the air temperature (<em>T</em>_air) inside the adjacent utility tunnel on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the ERP. The findings highlight that the extraction thermal power of the tested ERP was 57 W/m, with the short-term geothermal extraction operation yielding even higher values of 200–250 W/m. The operation of the adjacent high-temperature utility tunnel can lead to an average increase of approximately 15 % in the extracted thermal power of the ERP. Additionally, during the geothermal extraction, regardless of the value of <em>T</em>_air, the ERP primarily reflected in changes to the axial thermo-mechanical behavior. However, the higher-temperature utility tunnel can result in a notable bending moment of the ERP prior to the geothermal extraction operation. Thus, considering the influence of <em>T</em>_air on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the ERP becomes crucial during the preliminary design phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of the salt caprock creep impact on Pre-salt reservoir geomechanics","authors":"Pedro A.L.P. Firme ,&nbsp;Deane Roehl ,&nbsp;Cristian Mejia ,&nbsp;Celso Romanel","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reservoir compaction and surface subsidence are widely studied consequences of hydrocarbon (HC) production. This is an important topic in the Brazilian Pre-salt, where wells cross thick salt layers to reach carbonate reservoirs. Adding knowledge on the behavior of salt as caprock is strategic, considering the upcoming demands for decommissioning and the trends for energy transition, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). This work presents a literature review on subsidence resulting from HC production and the associated mechanical behavior of the salt caprock. A numerical study of a conceptual Pre-salt reservoir is performed to assess the combined behavior of reservoir compaction/expansion, salt caprock creep, and subsidence. The production, injection (such as CCS), and abandonment periods are considered. From the assumptions and findings of the study, two conclusions are drawn: i) the salt caprock creep contribution to the stress paths and changes in permeability is of small magnitude, while it is relevant to subsidence if the reservoir is abandoned in the depleted condition; and ii) creep prolongs the evolution or reversal of the mechanical behavior and permeability when the external loads acting in the model are reverted. This study is expected to serve as a reference for more advanced analyses in Pre-salt reservoir geomechanics, specially considering the trends for decommissioning and energy transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing high-resolution 3D Voronoi meshing to analyze field data from the Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS)","authors":"Richard Jayne,&nbsp;Kristopher Kuhlman","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salt is an attractive disposal medium for radioactive waste because intact salt is essentially impermeable and non-porous. However, upon drift or borehole excavation a damaged region develops surrounding the excavation which causes increased permeability and porosity creating potential flow paths for brine. Brine leads to corrosion of waste forms and waste packages and is a possible transport vector for radionuclides, so it is important to better understand the early-time behavior and evolution of brine flow in a salt. As a result, this study is part of Task E of DECOVALEX-2023 which focuses on understanding the evolution of thermal, two-phase hydrological, and mechanical processes in the excavation damaged zone in salt. Field measurements from The Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) 1a heater experiment are analyzed by implementing a high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model. This salt heater experiment consists of 28 days of heating and 13 days of cooling in a central borehole within bedded salt at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Here, the flow simulator PFLOTRAN is utilized; simulations are run on a Voronoi mesh, with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, permeability and porosity decay away from excavations. The temperature-dependency of permeability is done to match field measurements. Results from the simulation match temperature measured in the field within + /- 0.1 °C and the total brine inflow over the 41-day experiment. This study illustrates that the accuracy of the temperature evolution within salt is critically important when analyzing and modeling experimental data by simulating three heating scenarios of the BATS 1a experiment showing that temperature has a direct effect on total brine inflow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supercritical CO2 based fluids imbibition on the mechanical properties of shale: An experimental study at high-temperature and high-pressure condition","authors":"Qiao Lyu ,&nbsp;Jinghong Deng ,&nbsp;Jingqiang Tan ,&nbsp;Yonggang Ding ,&nbsp;Yushuai Shi ,&nbsp;Yiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Yijun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the process of integrating supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂)-enhanced shale gas recovery and geological sequestration, the mechanical properties of shale can be impacted by ScCO₂ under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This can affect wellbore stability, production efficiency, and the safety of sequestration. To address this issue, this study investigated the interactions between shale and three types of fluids: ScCO₂, water, and a combination of ScCO₂ and water. Experiments were conducted at high pressure (15 MPa and 45 MPa) and high temperature (100 °C). Changes in shale's mechanical properties before and after immersion were analyzed using uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission monitoring. The main cation content, microstructure, and element minerals of shale's solution after immersion were also studied. The results show that immersion in ScCO₂ and related fluids deteriorates shale's mechanical properties. Immersion in ScCO₂ has the least effect on shale strength, followed by the change in shale strength caused by immersion in water, and shale strength is the lowest after immersion in a combination of water and ScCO₂. ScCO₂ imbibition promotes the occurrence of micro-cracks, while immersion in water makes shale's matrix loose, forming a pore network structure that is most significantly affected by a combination of water and ScCO₂. For unsoaked and water-immersed shale samples, the acoustic emission events mainly occur during the unstable crack propagation stage, while the acoustic emission events in shale samples treated with ScCO₂ are more dispersed. Compared with previous dynamic pressure immersion experiments, the strength of shale after static pressure immersion increases by 10–30 MPa. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the alterations in the mechanical properties of shale when subjected to high temperature and high-pressure immersion conditions. The findings provide valuable data for shale gas extraction and carbon sequestration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain-based distinct element modeling of thermally induced slip of critically stressed rock fracture","authors":"Jung-Wook Park ,&nbsp;Chan-Hee Park ,&nbsp;Li Zhuang ,&nbsp;Jeoung Seok Yoon ,&nbsp;Olaf Kolditz ,&nbsp;Christopher Ian McDermott ,&nbsp;Eui-Seob Park ,&nbsp;Changsoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study introduces a numerical approach to simulate thermally induced fracture slip using a grain-based distinct element model. As part of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G, we verified the model through benchmarks, explored the thermo-mechanical processes under various conditions, and validated the model against laboratory experiments on both saw-cut and tensile-splitting fractures. In this method, the rock sample was represented by a group of polyhedral grains, such as random Voronoi diagrams or tetrahedra. The thermo-mechanical behavior of the grains and their interfaces was calculated using the distinct element method. Additionally, a novel method to determine micro-parameters of grains and contacts based on an equivalent continuum approach was proposed. The main emphasis was placed on simulating the temperature evolution, thermal stress development and fracture displacements under thermo-mechanical loading. The benchmarks demonstrated the model’s ability to replicate fracture behavior under various conditions, in good agreement with analytical solutions, capturing the phenomena of fracture slip and opening. In the modeling of laboratory experiments, a comparison between the experimental results and the numerical results revealed that the model reasonably reproduced the heat transfer within the rock specimen, the horizontal stress increment depending on boundary condition, and the progressive fracture shear failure. Although discrepancies existed regarding the onset of fracture slip and the magnitudes of stress and displacement, the model demonstrated qualitative consistency with the experimental findings. By tracking the contact area variation, we also found that the model effectively mimicked the mechanism of asperities shear-off, irreversible damage and normal dilation that occur during the peak stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of results for Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) DECOVALEX-2023 Task E","authors":"Kristopher L. Kuhlman ,&nbsp;Jeroen Bartol ,&nbsp;Steven J. Benbow ,&nbsp;Michelle Bourret ,&nbsp;Oliver Czaikowski ,&nbsp;Eric Guiltinan ,&nbsp;Kyra Jantschik ,&nbsp;Richard Jayne ,&nbsp;Simon Norris ,&nbsp;Jonny Rutqvist ,&nbsp;Hua Shao ,&nbsp;Philip H. Stauffer ,&nbsp;Hafssa Tounsi ,&nbsp;Claire Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the 2023 phase of the international collaborative DECOVALEX modeling project, Task E focused on understanding thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes related to predicting brine migration in the excavation damaged zone around a heated excavation in salt. Salt is attractive as a disposal medium for radioactive waste because it is self-healing and is essentially impermeable and non-porous in the far field. Investigation of the short-term, near-field behavior is important for radioactive waste disposal because this early period strongly controls the amount of inflowing brine. Brine leads to corrosion of waste forms and waste packages, and possible dissolution of radionuclides with brine transport being a potential transport vector to the accessible environment.The Task was divided into steps. Step 0 included matching unheated brine inflow data from boreholes at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and matching temperature observations during a Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) heater test. Step 1 included validation of models against a thermo-poroelastic analytical solution, and two-phase flow around an excavation. Finally, Step 2 required all the individual components covered in steps 0 and 1 to come together to match observed brine inflow behavior during the same BATS heater test.There were a range of approaches from the teams, from mechanistic to prescriptive. Given the uncertainties in the problem, some teams used one- or two-dimensional models of the processes, while other teams included more geometrical complexity in three-dimensional models. Task E was a learning experience for the teams involved, and feedback from the modeling teams has led to changes in follow-on BATS experiments at WIPP. The primary Task E lessons learned were the impact of hydrologic initialization methods (wetting up vs. drying down), the difference between confined and unconfined thermal expansion, and the large changes in permeability associated with heating and cooling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000480/pdfft?md5=715be8a6db908bac7654261c430b37dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000480-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of thermally-induced fracture of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone: From lab tests to field scale","authors":"Fei Song ,&nbsp;Antonio Gens ,&nbsp;Stefano Collico ,&nbsp;Carlos Plúa ,&nbsp;Gilles Armand ,&nbsp;Huaning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Argillaceous rocks are a suitable host rock for the deep geological disposal of exothermic High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) and Spent Fuel (SF). Excess pore pressures develop in this type of rocks when subject to increased temperatures that, in some circumstances, may lead to the fracturing of the rock. The paper explores this phenomenon by means of coupled numerical analyses carried out within a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) framework. The general THM formulation is described as well as the anisotropic elastic and anisotropic elastoviscoplastic constitutive laws employed. Thermal extension triaxial tests are simulated as a check on the performance of the numerical formulation and to provide calibration data for the tensile strength of the material. Selected results from a comprehensive set of three-dimensional analyses of a large-scale field heating test, designed to study the possibility of thermal-induced failure in the rock, are presented and discussed. The analyses reproduce satisfactorily the observed patterns of behaviour. The effects of the constitutive law, material parameters and the presence of the excavation damage zone (EDZ) around the main drift and around the heater boreholes are studied. In particular, their effects on the state of the stress in the heated area are examined in the context of the potential for thermal fracturing of the rock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring different FEM strategies for hydro-mechanical coupled gas injection simulation in clay materials","authors":"Yangyang Mo ,&nbsp;Alfonso Rodriguez-Dono ,&nbsp;Sebastia Olivella","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last few decades, the study of gas injection in porous media, particularly under multi-field coupled conditions, has emerged as a prominent focus within the field of geotechnical engineering. This article presents a comprehensive comparison of three numerical strategies, evaluating their impact on computational efficiency and result accuracy during Hydro-Mechanical (HM) coupled simulations of gas injection in clay-based geomaterials. This comprehensive comparison encompasses three numerical simulation methods for the mechanical sub-problem: The Standard Finite Element Method (SFEM), the Standard Finite Element Method with Selective Integration (SFEM+SI), and the Mixed Finite Element Method (MFEM). The Heat and Gas Fracking model (HGFRAC) is introduced to illustrate the computational characteristics of these methods. The results indicate that the effective application of SFEM is heavily dependent on a high-precision mesh. Convergence issues may arise when dealing with relatively coarse meshes. Nevertheless, these convergence issues can be effectively mitigated by incorporating either the Selective Integration method or the MFEM formulations. In terms of computational efficiency, it is evident that the SFEM+SI method demonstrates higher efficiency than SFEM and MFEM. However, it is noteworthy that the computed gas flow patterns of SFEM and SFEM+SI can be affected by the alignment of the mesh. With MFEM, displacements and strains are calculated as independent unknowns, enhancing result accuracy and achieving mesh independence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000492/pdfft?md5=0ba6a2fd98c32d6d24408a2d2d64fd58&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000492-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical assessment of the time-dependent behaviour of a tunnel with a yielding support system for a potential repository in claystone","authors":"Miguel A. Mánica ,&nbsp;Eric Simo ,&nbsp;Antonio Gens ,&nbsp;Philipp Herold ,&nbsp;Thomas Nagel ,&nbsp;Efraín Ovando ,&nbsp;David Seidel","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For the disposal of heat-generating radioactive waste and spent fuel in claystone formations, support structures for underground excavations are essential for the operational safety of geological disposal facilities (GDF). Claystone formations of moderate strength, at considerable depths, are characterised by their squeezing, creeping, and, sometimes, swelling behaviour that results in continuous tunnel convergence over time. Under these conditions, a rigid support system can be subjected to very high loads, requiring a considerable thickness and/or high-performance concretes. Therefore, yielding support systems are being currently investigated as a promising alternative for GDF. This work presents a numerical study of the behaviour of a tunnel in a claystone formation with a yielding support system. The use of a compressible mortar between the rock and the lining is assumed, as a means of reducing loads and mitigating the effects of creep deformations. A key aspect of the analyses is that the host rock is characterised by a constitutive model that includes a number of features that are relevant for the satisfactory description of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of stiff clayey materials, such as mechanical anisotropy, creep, strain softening, and its ability to simulate localised deformations through a nonlocal regularisation. An elastoplastic constitutive model was also developed to represent the behaviour of the compressible mortar. Results provide relevant insights into the performance of the adopted yielding support system, particularly regarding the effect of time-dependent deformations and the additional relaxation of the rock on the fractured zone near the excavation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000455/pdfft?md5=c777644f017ad8cd55915b7f784d3d19&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of abstraction in performance assessment – When is a higher level of detail necessary?","authors":"Tanja Frank ,&nbsp;Dirk-Alexander Becker ,&nbsp;Steven Benbow ,&nbsp;Alexander Bond ,&nbsp;Richard Jayne ,&nbsp;Tara LaForce ,&nbsp;Jens Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, different approaches in performance assessment (PA) of the long-term safety of a repository for radioactive waste were examined. This investigation was carried out as part of the DECOVALEX-2023 project, an international collaborative effort for research and model comparison. One specific task of the DECOVALEX-2023 project was the Salt Performance Assessment Modelling task (Salt PA), which aimed at comparing various models and methods employed in the performance assessment of deep geological repositories in salt. In the context of the Salt PA task, three distinct teams from SNL (United States), Quintessa Ltd (United Kingdom), and GRS (Germany) examined the consequences of employing different levels of abstractions when modelling the repository's geometry and implementing various features and processes, using the example of a simple hypothetical repository structure in domal salt. Each team applied their own tools: PFLOTRAN (SNL), QPAC (Quintessa) and LOPOS (GRS). These differ essentially regarding numerical concept and degree of detail in the representation of the underlying physical processes. The discussion focused on when simplifications can be appropriately applied and what consequences result from them. Furthermore, it was explored when and if a higher level of fidelity in geometry or physical processes is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000443/pdfft?md5=fa97eb270f415e2bf6ae00e97f687ef4&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}