Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"In memoriam of Patrick Selvadurai","authors":"Alessio Ferrari, Tomasz Hueckel, Lyesse Laloui, Panos Papanastasiou, Jean–Michel Pereira, Manolis Veveakis","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of clay fraction on the shear behavior of an interface between sand-clay mixture and concrete","authors":"Kexin Yin ,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Fauchille ,&nbsp;Roxana Vasilescu ,&nbsp;Christophe Dano ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Kotronis ,&nbsp;Giulio Sciarra","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In geotechnical engineering, the soil-structure interface is an important aspect to be taken into account in soil-structure interaction because it relates to the stability of supported structure. In particular, the shear behavior of the soil-structure interface plays a key role in the design of civil engineering structures and their analysis over time. The interface is a thin zone of soil in contact with the structure where major stresses and strains develop in. To our knowledge, previous works on the characterization of the mechanical behavior of the soil-structure interface mainly include typical soils (sand or clay) or natural soils, in contact with variable structural materials (concrete, steel, wood). However, natural soils are very complex, partly due to geological heterogeneities, and the mechanical response of typical soils does not always represent accurately intermediate soils between sand and clay. Previous studies on the mechanical behavior of those soils are significantly represented in the literature, especially in experimental research, however it is rather poorly documented on the interface between these soils and structural materials, whereas their response to mechanical loadings is different. The objective of this paper is to characterize the shear behavior of the soil-structure interface for intermediate soils between sand and clay, by experiments at the laboratory scale. Artificial mixtures of silica sand and kaolinite-rich clay are chosen to represent the intermediate soils in this study. For this propose, the research is organized in a main experimental campaign that aims to investigate the effect of the clay fraction, from 0% (sand) to 55% (kaolin clay) on the mechanical behavior of a soil-concrete interface by a direct shear device in the laboratory. The characterization of the shear behavior of the soil-concrete interface at various clay and sand fractions allows to enlighten the role of soil microstructure at the soil-structure interface on the stability of civil engineering structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling thermally driven migration of brine in bedded salt","authors":"Hua Shao ,&nbsp;Jürgen Hesser ,&nbsp;Wenqing Wang ,&nbsp;Olaf Kolditz","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2024.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stress redistribution after the excavation of a drift leads to the generation of an Ed/DZ (excavation disturbed/damaged zone) in the near field of an opening, with significant changes in the hydraulic and mechanical properties. Further changes can occur under thermal load during the heating period in the post-closure phase of a repository for high-level radioactive waste. Initially more or less randomly distributed intragranular and intergranular fluid in a low-permeability sedimentary rock such as bedded or domed salt can then be mobilised and migrated under the altered hydro-mechanical and the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical conditions at a potentially significant rate towards the excavation. To investigate the fluid migration behaviour, a test program BATS (Brine Availability Test in Salt) was carried out as a collaboration between Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy in the underground facility WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant), Carlsbad, NM. Within the international cooperative project DECOVALEX-2023, data from the BATS experiment was systematically analysed by international teams using different model concept. Based on the multi-scale modelling strategy developed during DECOVALEX-2019, the BGR/UFZ team is analysing different type of measured data, including the inflow from the Small-Scale Brine Inflow test, the permeability distribution around the excavation from the Small-Scale Mine-by experiment, and the temperature evolution and inflow from the BATS experiment. The zone of enhanced permeability after excavation, which builds the main pathway for the inflow, is approximately 2.5 times the opening radius. The distribution of the permeability in the near-field around an opening can be well predicted by a failure-index based permeability model. Using the thermo-hydro-elastic model taking into account the creep behaviour of the rock salt, a reasonable prediction of inflow can be obtained under heated and unheated conditions. The flow pattern under heated conditions is characterized by an increase in permeability for BATS 1a and a decrease in the pressure gradient for 1b. The observation of a ‘spike’ behaviour after turning-off the power in the experiment can be explained on a microscale by the cooling contraction of the salt crystal, which leads to a 2 OOMs (order of magnitude) increase in permeability due to tensile stress, but only at high pore pressure and for a short time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000091/pdfft?md5=2ab654995c5389b2b9172e8ef2806cb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-Mechanical coupled analysis of gas injection in clay-based materials using different element types","authors":"Yangyang Mo ,&nbsp;Alfonso Rodriguez-Dono ,&nbsp;Sebastia Olivella","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of various factors on HM-coupled geological media through a multi-category analysis of the so-called Heat and Gas Fracking model (HGFRAC) and the so-called Gas Threshold Pressure Test (GTPT). The HGFRAC model consists of six different types of benchmark exercises. It is important to note that different types of elements and integration methods used in finite element simulations can influence the obtained results. Comparing the results of quadrilateral and triangle elements, it is observed that the quadrilateral element, due to its bi-linear gradient characteristic, produces a more stable stress field compared to the linear triangle element. The computational efficiency of the HGFRAC model has been improved due to the introduction of the selective integration method for quadrilateral elements. This is because the standard integration method lacks stability and is prone to locking effects, which leads to convergence problems. Additionally, sensitivity analyses have been performed on the fluidity parameter of the clay material, which controls the viscoplastic deformations. Further analysis of the response of quadrilateral elements, using the GTPT axisymmetric model, reveals that the integration method on Gauss points may cause convergence issues. These issues can be resolved by introducing the nodal point integration method, the selective integration method or a combination of both. In general, when dealing with HM-coupled gas injection problems, the use of selective integration enhances stability and cost-efficiency in calculations. Although the integration method on nodal points can resolve convergence issues in the GTPT model, it is worth noting that the calculation results can still be affected by locking effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235238082400008X/pdfft?md5=4e199926ae8e5dbbae7a1cb2765998f5&pid=1-s2.0-S235238082400008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139820291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering soil barriers to minimise annual shrinkage/swelling in plastic clays","authors":"Aikaterini Tsiampousi ,&nbsp;Charlotte Day ,&nbsp;Alexandros Petalas","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Engineered soil barriers have been proposed to prevent rainwater infiltration into the underlying soil, thus improving stability of sloping ground. The use of engineered barriers on flat ground as means of preventing flooding has also been explored. This paper aims to provide proof-of-concept as to the potential efficiency of engineered barriers in minimising soil shrinkage and swelling arising from seasonal variations of water content and pore water pressures within the ground due to its interaction with the atmosphere. A series of 2-dimensional, hydro-mechanically coupled finite element analyses were conducted to this effect. Emphasis was placed on accurately modelling the stiffness of the underlying soil, accounting for its small-strain behaviour, as well as the hydraulic behaviour of all the layers involved. The results confirm that it is possible to engineer barriers to minimise shrinkage/swelling in greenfield, as well as urban, conditions and highlight the influence of barrier geometry and configuration, so that recommendations for the design of such barriers can be made.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380824000078/pdfft?md5=93d5b172a911656e0fb10ab5819df155&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380824000078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from an extensive triaxial testing campaign on a shale for comparative site characterization of a deep geological repository","authors":"E. Crisci ,&nbsp;S.B. Giger ,&nbsp;L. Laloui ,&nbsp;A. Ferrari ,&nbsp;R. Ewy ,&nbsp;R. Stankovic ,&nbsp;J. Stenebråten ,&nbsp;K. Halvorsen ,&nbsp;M. Soldal","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2023.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2023.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several boreholes were drilled for site comparison of a deep geological repository (DGR) in Northern Switzerland. The main target of the exploration program was the &gt;100m thick Opalinus Clay, the designated host rock encountered at approximately 450 to 1000 m depth in three different sites. This contribution focuses on the evaluation of geomechanical properties and the deformation behavior from the triaxial testing campaign, both aspects relevant to construction and the assessment of the long-term safety of a DGR. Some 140 triaxial tests were performed on cores from seven different boreholes to evaluate potential differences in material properties by depth and geographic location. Core sampling, preparation chain, and testing protocols were validated before the campaign, and three laboratories were commissioned to perform the tests. A comparison of basic properties from cores used for triaxial testing with a much larger database of complementary core analyses and geophysical logging demonstrates that the performed tests cover the range of expected material properties. Limited to no differences in strength and stiffness are detected from cores at different depths and sites. Despite a relatively large variation in bulk mineralogy of the formation (e.g. clay-mineral content varying between 35 and 75 wt%), the strength values of Opalinus Clay vary only moderately, with equivalent (calculated) unconfined compressive strengths of 21 ± 5 MPa, for loading directions parallel or perpendicular to bedding. This contrasts with the results of Opalinus Clay from the Rock Laboratory at Mont Terri, where the effect of material composition was more relevant. Assuming a Mohr-Coulomb-type failure law, the transition from peak to post-peak strength comes at the expense of cohesion, and only a small reduction of the shear strength angle. Hence the burial history, tectonic overprint, and current depth mainly control the intact properties by additional cohesion, whereas the post-peak behavior is mainly controlled by bulk mineralogy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352380823000771/pdfft?md5=1f21cbd21a4c38f49b5a34747c40f6eb&pid=1-s2.0-S2352380823000771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment study on shear behavior and properties of granite fractures under real-time high-temperature conditions","authors":"Pengju Wang ,&nbsp;Changsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Yujing Jiang ,&nbsp;Feng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct shear tests were conducted on granite fractures with similar joint roughness coefficients under real-time high temperatures (up to 400 °C) and constant normal stiffness conditions. In this study, the shearing process was monitored via acoustic emission, and fracture surface morphology was measured with three-dimensional laser scanning. With increasing temperature, peak and residual shear strengths, peak friction coefficient, and maximum normal dilation became higher. In contrast, peak normal displacement and peak shear displacement decreased. The apparent cohesion and internal friction angle exhibited opposite trends as temperature increased, primarily due to competition between thermal hardening and thermal cracking. The elastic strain energy of stick-slip events increased with temperature. From 100 °C to 400 °C, the degradation of fracture roughness and the volume of sheared-off asperities grew. Real-time temperature influences shear properties and is mainly attributed to physical and geometrical changes. Acoustic emission parameters, including count, energy, and hit, show segmented variation during fracture shearing. Based on parameter analyses of the average frequency and rise angle values, during the shearing process, the proportion of shear cracks at each stage varied with temperature. Shear failure was the predominant failure mode. Results from this study provide insight into the shear behavior of granite fractures under real-time high temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of soil layering and groundwater flow on energy pile thermal performance","authors":"Qusi I. Alqawasmeh ,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Narsilio ,&nbsp;Nikolas Makasis ,&nbsp;Monika J. Kreitmair","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Shallow geothermal energy pile systems have emerged as cost-effective and low-carbon alternatives for heating and cooling buildings, compared to traditional air-conditioning systems. Geothermal applications have been researched extensively in recent years under the assumption of ground homogeneity, and the effect of ground stratification remains mostly unexplored. To investigate this, a 3D finite element numerical model is developed and validated against laboratory-scale experimental data, to study the transient diffusion-convection heat transfer linked with Darcy </span>groundwater flow around energy piles in multi-layered </span>lithology<span><span><span><span>. The model is used to undertake long-term assessments under balanced and unbalanced thermal loads to evaluate the thermal effects of soil layering and discrepancies against commonly assumed equivalent homogeneous stratum, for soil profiles with different </span>thermal conductivity distributions. The groundwater flow effect at various depths and seepage velocities on the thermal performance of the energy pile is investigated as well. Results demonstrate the need to account for the spatial variability in thermal properties, particularly for unbalanced thermal loading scenarios. The thermal yield can be underestimated by up to 19.6 % due to an inaccuracy of 48.2 % in the accumulated temperature after 25-year of operation with respect to an equivalent homogeneous ground with depth-weighted average thermal conductivity. This discrepancy grows as the contrast between layers increases. An empirical derived formula is presented and tested, presenting a correction to the effective thermal conductivity of the layered systems in this study that considers the thermal contribution of the ground beneath the pile. Groundwater seepage is shown to have a positive impact on the </span>heat exchanger<span> efficiency, and in the layered geology the efficiency under-estimation becomes more critical at low to moderate </span></span>Darcy velocities, if neglected or inaccurately measured. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of energy piles and can assist engineers and practitioners in optimising energy geo-structure design, boosting the technology’s viability.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled multiphase flow and viscoelastic mechanics modeling of gas injection in a compacted bentonite buffer","authors":"Shu-Hua Lai ,&nbsp;Jui-Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Ya-Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bentonite is chosen as a suitable buffer material for a deep geologic repository for radioactive waste. Thus, understanding the behavior of gas migration in the buffer layer is key to the safety assessment and functioning of such a repository. Based on the gas-injection experiments performed by the British Geological Survey (BGS), the modeling of gas migration in a compacted bentonite is carried out by the multi-phase-flow module (H) coupled with the viscous-elastic geomechanics module (M) of a fully coupled model, called THMC 7.1. Two laboratory scenarios for gas injection into compacted and saturated bentonite confined in a pressure vessel are considered in this simulation study. Injected gas (Helium) accumulates, entering the saturated bentonite after reaching a critical pressure to be detected by the gas filters to show the timing of the “breakthrough”. It is found in the experiments that the total stress reaches the maximum value right after breakthrough but does not exceed the gas injection pressure. It is found that our simulation results can capture the peak lab-test values of total stress and porewater pressure as well as the lab-test timing of breakthrough. Moreover, the decay patterns of both total stress and porewater pressure are well described in the simulations. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data shows that our HM coupled modeling can qualitatively and quantitatively model the gas migration behavior and its mechanical contribution to the buffer response. According to the presented simulations, the further improvement of the viscous-elastic geomechanical modelling is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139506964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the effect of grain size of granitic rocks on the fracture roughness and toughness","authors":"Mohsen Aghababaei ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Behnia ,&nbsp;M.R.M. Aliha","doi":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gete.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The fracture surface characterization, such as the </span>fracture roughness<span><span><span>, is essential to flow and heat transport through the fracture in the geothermal, oil, and gas reservoirs stimulation by </span>hydraulic fracturing. This research presents an experimental approach to assess the correlation between the fracture roughness and mode I </span>fracture toughness (</span></span><em>K</em>_Ic<span><span><span>) of the granitic rock with different grain sizes, which is crucial in geothermal reservoirs. Three types of granite with the same </span>mineralogical compositions<span> but fine, medium, and coarse-grained structures were selected and prepared. Fracture toughness values were measured using a novel specimen called ENDB (Edge Notched Disc Bend), in which a cracked disc shape specimen was loaded in three-point bending. The </span></span>photogrammetric method<span> was used to estimate the value and distribution of surface roughness<span> after ENDB testing and investigate the relationship between fracture morphology<span> and fracture toughness. Based on the experiments, a clear correlation between the roughness and fracture toughness was observed in the three investigated granite types with different grain sizes. The FPZ around the crack tip, tortuosity, intergranular, and transgranular cracks were examined to study the effect of grain size on fracture toughness and roughness precisely. The results show that by increasing the grain size, </span></span></span></span><em>K</em>_Ic<span> and surface roughness increased. The results also showed that the roughness parameter<span> for the three types of rocks in the direction of the crack growth path is greater than the direction perpendicular to the crack growth path.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56008,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}