Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Molecular and genetic characterization of avian laryngotracheitis virus isolates obtained in Ukraine","authors":"A. Veretsun, B. Stegniy, O. Rula, V. Bolotin, A. Stegniy, A. Gerilovych, D. Muzyka","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To conduct a virological, PCR, PCR-RFLP and sequencing study of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV)\u0000isolates obtained from sick and dead chickens at industrial and backyard poultry farms in the eastern region of Ukraine\u0000collected over the years 2010–2019 and to establish their pathotype and relationship with internationally occurring strains.\u0000Methods. Material for virological studies was collected in the framework of research program of the NSC IEСVM during\u00002010-2019 in the poultry farms in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine, where the birds with the respiratory clinical\u0000signs were found. In total, 28 poultry farms were observed. ILTV isolates were obtained with conventional methods,\u0000using 10–12-day-old chicken embryos. A 0,2 ml of 10–20 % suspension of pathological material in PBS was used for\u0000inoculation. For in-depth studies, we used 4 isolates of ILTV obtained from sick and dead chickens from industrial\u0000and backyard poultry farms in Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, and Sumy regions from 2010–2019. The identification of\u0000ILTV isolates was performed via conventional PCR. The pathotype of ILTV strains was determined using PCR-RFLP\u0000(polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. The PCR-RFLP was performed at\u0000Royal GD, the Netherlands. The (partial) sequencing of the US8 gene was performed using Sanger sequencing method.\u0000The phylogenetic analysis, using sequences of 2 Ukrainian strains (MZ323228, MZ333273) and 17 international gene\u0000sequences present in GenBank, was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method. For comparative analysis,\u0000sequences of vaccine ILT virus strains were used. Results. Over the years 2010-2019, 7 isolates of ILTV were obtained\u0000from sick and dead poultry with typical clinical signs and internal lesions at industrial and backyard farms of the Kharkiv,\u0000Donetsk, Luhansk and Sumy regions, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Other avian respiratory viral and bacterial\u0000pathogens were not detected. Five isolates were obtained from poultry of industrial holdings where vaccination against\u0000ILT is carried out. Using PCR-RFLP analysis of 4 isolates, we found that three of them (Sumy 6-11/19, A 04-12, B 2-10)\u0000to belong to vaccine-type ILTV strains and only one, B 59-11strain, belongs to wild-type ILTV. Vaccine-type ILTV strains\u0000circulated and possibly still circulate in Ukraine in industrial and backyard poultry farms among both vaccinated and non-\u0000vaccinated poultry. An ILTV wild-type strain was obtained from non-vaccinated chickens from a backyard farm, which\u0000may indicate an important role of backyard farms in maintaining the circulation of the virus. After partial sequencing and\u0000phylogenetic analysis of the ILTV US8 gene the two Ukrainian strains studied were placed into two different clusters: The\u0000vaccine-type B 2-10 strain, obtained from sick vaccinated chickens from an industrial farm, was close to vaccine-type\u0000strains circulating in, China, Italy and the USA. The wild-type B 59-11strain, ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41735451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water deficiency tolerance of genetically modified common wheat cv. Zymoyarka, containing a heterologous ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene","authors":"O. Dubrovna, G. Priadkina, S. Mykhalska, A. Komisarenko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine water deficiency tolerance of genetically modified common wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L., cv\u0000Zymoyarka), containing the heterologous ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene, based on the analysis of grain productivity\u0000and physiological and biochemical characteristics in transgenic and non-transgenic genotypes. Methods. Biochemical\u0000spectrophotometric assays: the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase activity, the free L-proline content, and the\u0000photosynthetic pigments content; biotechnological: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta; physiological:\u0000morphometric traits and elements of grain productivity; mathematical statistics. Results. It was established that the presence\u0000of an additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene in transgenic plants leads to higher activity of the ornithine-δ-\u0000aminotransferase enzyme: by 1.6 times higher on average for all lines as compared to the non-transgenic plants at 70 % of fi eld\u0000capacity and by 1.5 – at 30 % fi eld capacity. However, transgenic plants did not differ significantly from the original variety\u0000in the free L-proline content either under optimal water conditions or under soil drought. The increase in the total chlorophyll\u0000(a + b) content in flag leaves of transgenic plants was established under conditions of both optimal water supply and drought,\u0000as compared with the original genotype (increase by 5–7 % and 8–11 %, respectively). The enhanced expression of the orni-\u0000thine-δ-aminotransferase gene in the transgenic plants stimulated root growth both under optimal and stressful conditions:\u0000the root length of the transformed plants exceeded that of the original variety by 3.4–3.9 cm in the variant with optimal\u0000water supply, and by 4.2–4.6 cm – under drought. They were also characterized by a more developed root system. Dry root\u0000weight of the transgenic plants exceeded the original variety both in the control (by 23–27 %), and under drought (by 37–\u000044 %). Under drought, the root dry weight decreased by 29 % in the plants of the original variety, compared 70 % fi eld\u0000capacity, and by 11–15 % in the lines. Under 30 % field capacity, the transgenic lines also exceeded non-transformed plants\u0000in the number of grains from the whole plant (on average for 3 lines by 26 %) and in the grain weight (by 22 %). Transgenic\u0000plants are characterized by the formation of a higher productive shoots number: from 3.2 to 3.4 compared with 2.5 in\u0000non-transgenic plants at 70 % fi eld capacity and 2.7–3.1 vs 2.2 at 30 % field capacity it was found. Conclusions. Thus,\u0000the analysis of genetically modified common wheat plants cv. Zymoyarka, containing the heterologous alfalfa ornithine-δ-\u0000aminotransferase gene, by yield structure elements, morphometric parameters and photosynthetic pigment content showed\u0000their better tolerance to soil drought as compared to non-transgenic plants. We explain the improvement of grain productivity\u0000of the whole plant in transgenic wheat lines with an additional copy of o","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending and maintaining the in vitro collection of (inter)national hop varieties in Ukraine","authors":"V. B. Kovalev, T. I. Kozlik, L. Protsenko, A. Bober, B. F. Kormiltsev","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP7.03.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP7.03.061","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the decline in the national hop production, a part of hop products, made of Ukrainian aroma hop, is highly\u0000estimated in the international market and exported. Therefore, a relevant prerequisite of ensuring a suffi cient level\u0000of competitiveness of domestic hop production is the expansion of its assortment. To satisfy this need the breeders\u0000face the task of creating varieties with unique characteristics, which requires searching for new forms and strains\u0000of hop with increased content of different biologically active compounds in cones. In this regard national research\u0000program aimed to investigate genetic stab ility of hop varieties during multiple planting and storing of explants in in\u0000vitro conditions while introducing them into the collection, adapting the composition of Murashige and Skoog culture\u0000medium for specifi c varieties is discussed. Studies conducted included the analysis of plants by morphological and\u0000variety-specifi c traits, the identifi cation of varieties by biochemical criteria, improvement of hop regenerants using\u0000ELISA, molecular-genetic analysis based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for identifi cation of hop genotypes and\u0000determination of genetic stability, and the improvement of method of microclonal reproduction of hop. As a result\u0000of the perennial research of cultivating hop planting material using the Murashige and Skoog complex of nutrients,\u0000the foundations of creating and maintaining the in vitro collection of hop varieties were fi rst elaborated in Ukraine\u0000which allow for the possibility of decreasing the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium by 50 %, replacing\u0000expensive gel-forming preparation for the maintenance of plants in the culture medium - agar-agar, the share of whose\u0000cost in the medium composition is up to 70 %, with a cheaper substance - modifi ed starch DDKamod or agroperlite,\u0000and reducing the expenses for the maintenance of genetic pool in the in vitro collection. It was determined that the\u0000spectra of microsatellite loci of the amplifi ed DNA of the explants, cultivated in vitro, during the study period did not\u0000differ from the spectra of plant DNA prior to cloning, which demonstrated DNA stability and allowed cultivating hop\u0000varieties in the in vitro culture without any changes in the genome. The composition of media for cultivation and long-\u0000term storing of hop varieties in in vitro conditions was selected.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of possibly anthrax-contaminated burial sites in eastern and southern Ukraine","authors":"O. V. Biloivan, B. Stegniy, A. Gerilovych, V. Arefiev, R. Wölfel, J. Schwarz, C. Popp, G. Grass","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP7.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP7.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to screen soil samples of 17 anthrax burial sites in Eastern and Southern Ukraine\u0000for the presence of B. anthracis. Methods. Soil samples were collected from anthrax grave sites located in Kharkiv,\u0000Sumy and Mykolaiv regions (diseased animals dated from 1946 to 2003). Isolation of B. anthracis from collected soil\u0000samples was performed with the GABRI method. From single colonies without hemolysis, that were inactivated with\u0000peracetic acid- containing 2 % Terralin PAA solution, DNA was extracted and analyzed by qPCR for the presence of\u0000chromosomal marker dhp61, as well as the markers pagA and capC located on virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2,\u0000respectively. Results. Eleven fi eld trips were conducted from July, 2016 to October, 2018 in which 369 soil samples\u0000from 17 burial sites in Kharkiv, Sumy and Mykolaiv oblasts were collected from different depths of presumed anthrax\u0000carcass sites. In most cases (12 out of 17 cases), the current status of these burial sites was deteriorated and not prop-\u0000erly accounted for. It was possible to obrain viable B. anthracis isolate was obtained from 50 cm depth at the grave\u0000site near Koviagy village, Valky district, Kharkiv region (49.92373°N, 35.48951°E). This isolate was named KhR/\u0000VD/Kov2-2-05-3 and deposited in the Collection of Animal Infectious Pathogens of the National Scientifi c Center\u0000“Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine. The contamination level of soil at\u0000the isolation site reached about 10 4 CFU per g as determined by plate counting. qPCR analysis of this isolate identi-\u0000fi ed both the dhp61 B. anthracis chromosomal and the pagA virulence plasmid marker. However, the plasmid pXO2\u0000marker, required for capsule-formation could not be detected. Conclusions. The anthrax burial sites were created\u0000between the 1920s and 1960s, however, only approximate locations could be found and demarcated. In most cases the\u0000status of the sites was unsuitable for sampling. Nevertheless, isolation of B. anthracis in one case in the Valky district\u0000shows that old anthrax burial sites (13.500 exist in Ukraine) still pose a risk as potential source of the infection and\u0000therefore require more attention and surveillance, for which a surveillance plan will be developed.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of trace elements, applied in classical and nano forms, on photosynthesis of higher plants in relation to enhancement of crop productivity","authors":"G. Priadkina","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP7.03.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP7.03.071","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main factors of increasing the productivity of agricultural plants is intensifying the activity of the photo-\u0000synthetic apparatus, since the productivity of crops depends on the ability to absorb solar radiation and convert it into\u0000the energy of chemical bonds for further use in metabolic processes. The amount of photosynthetically active radia-\u0000tion absorbed by crops, in its turn, depends on the area, duration, and activity of the assimilation surface functioning.\u0000The use of fertilizers, that contain trace elements, can further achieve both raising the yield of cultivated plants and\u0000environmental protection. In this regard, the state-of-the-art research on the infl uence of the main trace elements\u0000(iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium, boron, titanium) and one macroelement - magnesium - on\u0000photosynthetic characteristics of plants and crops is discussed. Based on the literature data and the results of our own\u0000research, we documented the effect of trace elements on leaves carbon dioxide exchange rates, the content of photo-\u0000synthetic pigments, the antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as the traits of the photosynthetic apparatus capacity. The\u0000infl uence of nanometals on the content and ratio of pigments, net CO 2 assimilation rate, and the photochemical activity\u0000of photosystems, including the effect of stress factors, is discussed. The specifi cities of the infl uence of nanometals\u0000are discussed and possible mechanisms of the effect of low concentrations of trace elements on plant metabolism are\u0000analyzed. It is shown that trace elements infl uence photosynthetic processes in plants and the systems of their antioxi-\u0000dant protection. The relevance of trace elements in the development of new strategies to elaborate the technologies\u0000of cultivating next-generation plants, including those that will be based on new physical and chemical properties of\u0000macro- and micronutrients in a nano form, is highlighted","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coumestrol content in alfalfabreeding populations","authors":"M. Tucak, T. Čupić, D. Horvat, G. Krizmanić, M. Ravlić","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP7.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP7.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Alfalfa is a rich source of phytoestrogens, among them coumestrol which shows strong estrogenic activity that\u0000can adversely affect the health of domestic animals. The aim of the study was to determine the variation in coumestrol\u0000content in leaves of alfalfa breeding populations, present in the breeding program of Agricultural Institute Osijek in\u0000Croatia. Method. Twelve alfalfa populations were selected based on their high forage yield and good persistence.\u0000Coumestrol was extracted using acidifi ed methanol as an organic solvent from lyophilized and ground alfalfa leaves,\u0000while for detection and quantifi cation was used. Results. Signifi cant differences were observed between the studied\u0000populations with average coumestrol content of 435.67 mg/kg of dry matter (DM). The highest content of coumestrol\u0000was determined in breeding population Rs-21 (619.53 mg/kg of DM). Conclusions. Populations Rs-33 and Rs-20 had\u0000the lowest coumestrol content (82.18 and 86.58 mg/kg, respectively) and present a potential breeding source for creat-\u0000ing new contemporary cultivars with decreased coumestrol content","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological approaches to the preservation and use of bovine ovarian cumulus-oocyte complexes in the system of reproductive technologies","authors":"P. A. Trotskyi, O. Shcherbak, I. M. Lyuta","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP7.03.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP7.03.054","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of different concentrations of ethylene glycol and glycerin in equilibration and vitrifi cation\u0000solutions on 1) the viability and further development of frozen-thawed bovine ovarian cumulus-oocyte complexes\u0000(COCs), cryopreserved by vitrifi cation method, 2) on the effectiveness of inseminating mature oocytes, obtained from\u0000them, and 3) on the formation of embryos. Methods. Biotechnological, cryobiological, morphological, cytogenetic,\u0000and statistical methods, as well as methods of statistical data processing were used in the research. Results. The results\u0000of experimental studies on the effect of different concentrations of ethylene glycol and glycerin in the equilibration\u0000solution during cryopreservation of bovine ovarian COCs (n = 502) on their viability and further development after\u0000freezing-thawing are presented. We also show the results of the comparative analysis of cryoresistant properties of\u0000bovine ovarian COCs (n = 560) using different concentrations of ethylene glycol and glycerin, as cryoprotectants, in\u0000the vitrifi cation solution in terms of the viability and maturation of the oocytes, which originated from these COCs,\u0000up to metaphase II of meiosis. A comparative analysis of the application of ethylene glycol and glycerol in differ-\u0000ent concentrations for the equilibration and vitrifi cation solutions in cryopreserving bovine ovarian COCs (n = 220)\u0000demonstrated a relationship between the level of concentration of these cryoprotectants and the number of embryos\u0000after in vitro insemination of mature gametes, obtained from these frozen-thawed COCs. Conclusions. It was found\u0000that the use of 25 % ethylene glycol and 5 % glycerin in the equilibration solution and 10 % ethylene glycol and 40 %\u0000glycerin in the vitrifi cation solution during cryopreservation of bovine ovarian COCs ensures lower toxicity of these\u0000solutions and promotes more effi cient (up to 14.3 %) formation and development of embryos after in vitro insemina-\u0000tion of mature gametes, obtained from these COCs","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings under osmotic stress and treatment with metal nanoparticles","authors":"M. Musienko, Ya.M. Gadzalo, M. Kovalenko, L. Batsmanova, Yevheniia Konotop, N. Taran","doi":"10.15407/agrisp6.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp6.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the adaptive reactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emmer (T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl.) seedlings using the parameters of oxidative homeostasis under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress and metal (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) mixture nanoparticles treatment. Methods. Biochemical assays: spectrophotometric measurements of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), the content of proline and products of lipid peroxidation; mathematical statistics. Results. The state of oxidative homeostasis of common wheat (cv. Favorytka, cv. Trypilska) and emmer (cv. Holikovska) seedlings under PEG-induced osmotic stress conditions was investigated and analyzed. The development of lipid peroxidation processes under stress conditions was observed only in the cv. Trypilska seedlings. It was established that proline content in common wheat seedlings of both cultivars under stress had signifi cant (10 : 1) predominance in roots, while in roots and shoots of emmer seedlings proline content\u0000increased equally. SOD activity in the leaves of the studied cultivars under stress conditions was not changed. At the same time, an increase of SOD activity by 30 % under osmotic stress was shown in the roots of common wheat of cv. Favorytka, while it decreased by 25 % in the roots of cv. Trypilska. It was established that CAT activity in the roots of both cultivars of common wheat decreased by 25 and 38 %, respectively, whereas in emmer of cv. Holikovska this parameter increased by 35 % under osmotic stress. Presowing treatment using a colloidal solution of a mixture of biogenic metal nanoparticles contributed to the induction of SOD activity in the roots of cv. Favorytka, CAT activity in the leaves of cv. Trypilska, and CAT activity in the roots and leaves of cv. Holikovska compared to non-treated plants. It should be noted that the treatment of plants with metal nanoparticles promoted the restoration of CAT activity in the roots under osmotic stress conditions to the level of the control plants in both\u0000wheat varieties. Conclusions. It was established that osmotic stress provoked the development of oxidative processes and inhibition of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, SOD and CAT, in the seedling roots of common wheat cultivars. It was shown that emmer wheat seedlings of cv. Holikovska can maintain redox homeostasis and avoid oxidative damage under osmotic stress conditions. It was found that the seedlings of common wheat and emmer demonstrated different strategies of osmotic regulation under osmotic stress, which is confi rmed, in particular, at the level of proline accumulation. It was shown that the application of colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles induced an antioxidant protection system and reduced the oxidative processes, which are inevitable effects of drought. The obtained results indicate that common wheat cultivars are more susceptible to drought compared to emmer wheat of cv. Holikovska.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of calpastatin and сallipyge genes polymorphism in Prydniprovska meat sheep","authors":"I. Pomitun, V. Rossokha, Y. Boyko, O. Guzevatyi, M. Shpilka, R. Kulibaba","doi":"10.15407/agrisp6.02.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp6.02.058","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study calpastatin (CAST) and сallipyge (CLPG) genes polymorphism in Prydniprovska meat sheep. Methods. The studies were conducted using PCR-RFLP method. DNA was isolated from 47 animals. The amplicons were treated with restriction endonucleases MspI and FaqI for genes CAST and CLPG, respectively. Results. The study determined the polymorphism of CAST gene fragment. Two alleles – M (336, 286 b.p.) and N (622 b.p.) with the frequency of 0.83 and 0.17, respectively, were detected. The frequency of genotypes was as follows: ММ – 0.77, MN – 0.13 and NN – 0.10. There was a noted tendency towards the increase in live bodyweight of 4-month-old lambs, carriers of N allele (genotypes NN and MN), compared to the index for the lambs of the same age with genotype MM. Locus CLPG was monomorphic, only allele A was determined (278, 117 and 31 b.p.). Allele G with the mutation, manifested in muscle hypertrophy phenotype, was not detected, all the animals under investigation had genotype AA. Conclusions. CAST gene\u0000polymorphism was deter- mined in Prydniprovska meat sheep during our work. The tendency towards the increase in live bodyweight of 90-day-old lambs, carriers of allele N, was established which demonstrated promising perspectives of further studies on associations of this gene and meat qualities of Prydniprovska meat sheep. The obtained results on the monomorphic nature of locus CLPG and the absence of mutation, related to muscle hypertrophy phenotype, demonstrated that the mutation of this gene may be built into the genome of domestic breeds of sheep only via cross-breeding with foreign breeds, in which this trait is manifested.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47728060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between canopy assimilation surface capacity traits and grain productivity of winter wheat genotypes under drought stress","authors":"V. Morgun, G. A. Pryadkina, O. Stasik, O. Zborivska","doi":"10.15407/agrisp6.02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp6.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. A comparative analysis of several traits of the capacity of the assimilation apparatus of 10 varieties and 2 lines of winter wheat from Ukraine, under conditions of insuffi cient precipitation and elevated air temperature during the period, when the reproductive organs formed (GS 30–49), in order to search for phenotypic markers associated with high productivity. Methods. Field, morphometric, spectrophotometric and statistical methods were used. Results. The maximum difference in yield between varieties and lines, which grew under condi- tions of insuffi cient water supply and high temperatures in April and May of growing season 2017/2018, was 24.7 %. Under these conditions, the highest grain productivity was observed for the new varieties Pochayna, Hospodarka and Kyivska 17 (8.60–8.73 t/ha) and a high canopy leaves chlorophyll index at late stages of ontogenesis (0.38-0.48 g chlorophyll/m 2 at milky-wax ripeness). This was opposed to varieties Smuhlianka, Poradnytsia and the line UK 392/15 with the\u0000lowest yield (7.00–7.25 t/ha) and assimilation surface at this stage (0.07–0.17 g chlorophyll/m 2 ). At the fl owering stage (anthesis) the most productive varieties exceeded the least productive ones, on average, by 30 % in leaves fresh weight of the canopy, by 24 % in content of total (a+b) chlorophyll and by 60 % in canopy chlorophyll index. At milky-wax ripeness, the differences between these varieties increased signifi cantly – up to 136 % in leaf fresh weight of canopy, 57 % in chlorophyll content and 350 % in canopy leaves chlorophyll index. A close positive correlation (r = 0.69–0.77, P ˂ 0.01) between the canopy photosynthetic apparatus traits at milky-wax ripeness with the yield of varieties and lines of winter wheat under drought and high temperature stress was found. Conclusions. The results show that the leaves fresh weight of canopy and canopy leaves chlorophyll index can be used as markers of grain productivity of winter wheat under drought stress, as well as for the possible development of\u0000molecular genetic criteria of breeding, based on these phenotypic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}