Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus and the resistance of the Chornobyl radio-mutants to fusarium head blight for the purposes of winter wheat","authors":"Y. Dolhalova, L. Burdeynyuk-Tarasevych, O. Zozulya, M. Lozinskyi, O. Hrytsev, M. Buzynnyi","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the field resistance of collection spelt-like samples of the Chornobyl radio-mutants (RM) of\u0000winter wheat to Fusarium head blight and to determine the species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus\u0000in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The resistance (in scores) of ten RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusar-\u0000ium head blight was determined in field conditions by visual inspection of plants using standard methods (Trybel\u0000et al, 2010). To determine the infection rate of the seeds, the biological method of seed germination in the rolls of\u0000filtration paper was used. DNA was extracted using the reaction kit AGROSORB NK (Agrogen Novo, Ukraine),\u0000according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The molecular identification of the species composition of the fungi\u0000of the Fusarium genus was conducted with the commercial test systems “Fuzarioz zlakiv” (AgroDiagnostica,\u0000RU) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the real-time PCR. Results. The results of evaluating the\u0000field resistance of ten spelt-like RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusarium head blight are presented. The species\u0000composition of the Fusarium fungi as of 2016–2018 in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, namely in Kyiv, Cherkasy,\u0000Sumy, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, Poltava, Kharkiv, Ternopil, and Khmelnytsky regions is presented. To study the spe-\u0000cies composition of the Fusarium fungi, 639 seed samples of winter wheat were taken from the farms located in\u0000the territory of nine regions in the Forest-Steppe zone. The results of molecular identification of the infection rate\u0000in the seed material demonstrate the presence of seven out of eight fungi species under investigation: F. avena-\u0000ceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum during the years\u0000of studies. Yet, F. culmorum, F. langsethiae were not identified in 2017, and F. cerealis was not found during the\u0000study years, in 2016–2018. It should be noted that the most frequent incidence was found for F. graminearum, F.\u0000avenaceum and F. tricinctum, which was within the range of 25.8–44.0 %, and according to (Zhdanova, 2002) it\u0000refers to the group of frequently dispersed species. The results of the PCR diagnostics of the species composition\u0000of Fusarium fungi in Kyiv region, where field studies were conducted to evaluate the resistance of collection spelt-\u0000like Chornobyl radio-mutants in 2016–2018 (Bila Tserkva Breeding Research Station (BTBRS) of the Institute\u0000of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS (Mala Vilshanka village, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region)\u0000demonstrated the spreading of six species of Fusarium fungi: F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides,\u0000F. poae, F. tricinctum, F. culmorum, among which high aggressiveness to the wheat spikelets was observed in\u0000F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum; medium aggressiveness – in F. poae, and low aggressiveness – in\u0000F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum. On the background of the obtained species diversity of th","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of water-stable soil structure in the Central Forest-Steppe under agrogenic and postagrogenic maintenance","authors":"S. Y. B. S. Yu. Bulyhin, O. Demydenko, M. Tkachenko, S. Vitvitsky, Ye. Zadubynna, M. Lisovyy","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the regularities in the formation of water-stable structure and to obtain the objective integral information\u0000about the process of break-up and consolidation of the water-stable structure under agrogenic and postagrogenic load on the\u0000main soil types of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method – the soils of chernozem type were\u0000investigated (seven chernozem-like soil types of different granulometric composition and humus content) in the central part\u0000of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the laboratory analytical method (wet sieving of soil structure), the mathematical-statistical\u0000method (non-parametric statistics, factor, cluster, and fractal analyses). Results. The analysis of the water stability of the structure\u0000of chernozem-like soils in the Forest-Steppe demonstrates the perspectives of using modern statistical methods: fractal, factor,\u0000cluster methods, and the method of non-parametric statistics, which demonstrates their sensitivity to insignificant changes in the\u0000distribution of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval. The soil types of postagrogenic maintenance\u0000form the distribution of water-stable aggregates, making up “prevailing” sizes of aggregates in the interval of sizes of 5–3\u0000and 2–1 mm, which ensures the persistent state of the re-distribution where the index of Hurst has the values of H > 0.75.\u0000The agrogenic impact on soils changes the re-distribution of water-stable aggregates, destroying their natural distribution and\u0000ensuring the antipersistent state of the distribution with low stability (D > 1.43 and Н < 0.58). Under postagrogenic maintenance\u0000of soil types, there is a stable mutual connection between water-stable aggregates, structural units, and ESP (R = +0.78), and\u0000in the total of correlation relations, the direct and inverse correlation relations of R> ± 0.55 level are >30 % with the 1.5 to 1\u0000ratio in favor of inverse proportion relations which ensures a high level of self-regulation for the hierarchical organization of\u0000the structural and water stable state. Conclusions. The determining index, characterizing the stability level of the water-stable\u0000structure, was found to be the content of water-stable aggregates of 3–1 mm and > 0.25 mm and the weighted average diameter\u0000of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval of sizes that demonstrated a strong correlation (R = ±\u00000.76–0.96 ± 0.02) with fractal dimensionality (D > 1.4) and the index of Hurst (Н) which allowed for forming a gradation scale\u0000for the evaluation of the water-stable structure and the degree of agrogenesis manifestation of soils in the Forest-Steppe of\u0000Ukraine. In terms of the rate of agrogenesis manifestation via the formation of the degree of the water-stable structure, the soils\u0000of chernozem type were divided as follows: gray forest low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay soil on carbonate loess-like clay <\u0000typical low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay chernozem on loess-like clay < ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of climate changes and its effect on the performance of cereals according to satellite data","authors":"O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, T. Kuchma, V. Velychko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.064","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of climate changes on the performance of cereals. Methods. Remote, statistical, and\u0000analytic methods. Climate changes were determined by the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface,\u0000calculated using the data of the infrared range (10.3–11.3; 11.4–12.4 μm) of the high precision radiometer AVHRR\u0000of the meteorological satellites of the Earth, NOAA. The effect of climate changes on the state of vegetation,\u0000including the phenological parameters, such as the beginning, the end, and the length of the vegetation peri-\u0000od, was determined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained using the data of infrared\u0000(0.72–1.1 μm) and red (0.58–0.68 μm) ranges of the abovementioned radiometer. The satellite data are openly\u0000accessed on the website of STAR NESDIS NOAA – Satellite Applications and Research of NOAA’s National En-\u0000vironmental Satellite Data Information Services of the National Ocean and Atmosphere Research Department of\u0000the USA – http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/VH/. The dynamics of СО2 concentration in the air was\u0000determined using the satellite data of AIRS/Aqua (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/AIRS3C2M_005/summary),\u0000the precipitation dynamics – using the data of ERA5 ECMWF/Copernicus Climate Change Service (https://devel-\u0000opers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_MONTHLY#description). The association be-\u0000tween the performance of cereals and satellite data was found by the method of correlation and regression analysis.\u0000Results. Using the satellite data, it was found that in 1982–2021, the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s\u0000surface reliably increased in the vegetation period (April–September), and the amount of precipitation tended to\u0000decrease in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The highest tempo of warming was observed in the\u0000territory of the Steppe. In general, the warming had a positive effect on the state of vegetation, according to NDVI,\u0000and on the performance of cereals. However, in the recent decade (2010–2020), the positive effect of the warming\u0000on the vegetation state decreased, and according to the NDVI trend, there has been a tendency towards the negative\u0000effect of the further increase in the temperature, which is especially remarkable for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe.\u0000On the contrary, the warming in the Polissia zone created the conditions for the increase in the performance of agri-\u0000cultural cereals. Conclusions. From 1982 till 2021, there was a strong tendency towards the increase in the sum of\u0000radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface in the vegetation period and the decrease in the precipitation amount\u0000in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. According to the NDVI data, due to the warming, the length of the vegeta-\u0000tion period increased by 14–21 days on average, which had a positive effect on the vegetation. Since 2010, the\u0000acceleration in the warming tempo has been observed. The average annual increase in the sum of the ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46719466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grapevine roditis leaf Discoloration-associated virus: express pest risk analysis for Ukraine","authors":"Y. Klechkovskyi, L. Titova, O. Palagina, L. Janse","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To conduct an express pest risk analysis of Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus (GRLDaV) for\u0000Ukraine, a virus that has been related to a grapevine disease and was included in the EPPO Alert List in 2018. Methods. The\u0000phytosanitary risk analysis was carried out on the basis of an analytical review of expert literature and in accordance with the\u0000EPPO Decision-support scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis (EPPO, 2012) and with methodological recommendations\u0000for Ukraine (Pylypenko et al, 2012). The possibility of further spread and the potential range of the virus were determined\u0000using modern software packages AgroAtlas (Afonin and Li, 2011; Shumilin and Li, 2009), MapInfo Pro15.0 (ESTIMap®)\u0000and IDRISI SELVA (Clarklabs®). Results. An express pest risk analysis of GRLDaV for Ukraine was carried out for the\u0000first time. Outbreaks of the virus were first detected in the 1980ies in Greece (Rumbos, Avgelis, 1989) and from 2014–2018\u0000in: Italy (Chiumenti et al, 2015, 2016; Maliogka et al, 2015), Turkey (Adan, 2016; Serçe et al, 2018) and Croatia (Vončina\u0000et al, 2018). Climatic predictors were analyzed in the outbreaks of the countries where the causal agent of the disease was\u0000identified. The potential range of GRLDaV in Ukraine has been established in case of importing infected planting material\u0000with further spreading of the virus. Risk management measures are proposed, which envisage including GRLDaV in the list\u0000of the Regulated Non-Quarantine Harmful Organisms of Ukraine. Conclusions. There is a possibility of introduction, further\u0000spread, and harmfulness of Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus in Ukraine, which is due to the presence\u0000of the host plant (grapevine, Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera L.) and the corresponding climatic conditions of the southern and\u0000(part of) western Ukraine, where grapevine is cultivated on an industrial scale. The introduction of GRLDaV into Ukraine\u0000is possible as a result of the import of GRLDaV-infected grapevine planting material from the countries where the virus has\u0000been reported and presumably is still present. The current Ukrainian phytosanitary measures cannot reliably prevent the risk\u0000of intoduction of GRLDaV into Ukraine. The inclusion of GRLDaV in the List of the Regulated Non-Quarantine Harmful\u0000Organisms of Ukraine with the recommendation of permission to import grapevine planting material certified for the absence\u0000of GRLDaV (from the countries where the virus is reported) or mandatory testing of imported grapevine planting material\u0000for the presence of GRLDaV (from areas where such certification is absent), can be an effective risk management measure. It\u0000requires the producers and importers of grapevine planting material to include GRLDaV virus in their certification schemes\u0000to prevent eventual further spreading of the virus. It is recommended to do a nation-wide survey to determine the likelihood\u0000of the presence of GRLDaV in the region. Further research to identify possible ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrochloric polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMGH) and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMBH), also in combination with plant essential oils and ZnO nanoparticles on some eukaryotic cattle and pig cells","authors":"A. Lysytsya, P. Kryvoshyya, O. Kvartenko, O. Lebed","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate both toxic (hemolytic), and stimulating effects of two polymeric derivatives of guani-\u0000dine, in particular, polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMB) both\u0000in the hydrochloride form, on eukaryotic cells depending on the concentration of the preparation; to study the\u0000possibility of using wound-healing and stimulating properties of these preparations in veterinary medicine.\u0000Methods. The hemolytic activity (toxicity) of PHMGH and PHMBH preparations in the concentration of\u00000.1% towards cattle and pig erythrocytes was determined by titration. Primary cell cultures of fetal kidney\u0000cells of calves and piglets were used to determine the influence of PHMGH and PHMBH both alone and in\u0000combination with the following biologically active substances: essential oils of Pinus sylvestris, Eucalyptus\u0000globulus, Citrus sinensis, Monarda didyma, ZnO nanoparticles (size c. 25 nm), and electrochemically acti-\u0000vated water – anolyte (Eh = –800 mV, pH 6.5–7.0). The concentration of the cells in the nutrient medium was\u0000determined via photocolorimetry. Results. It was found that depending on the concentration, PHMGH, and\u0000PHMBH preparations can cause the lysis of erythrocytes, and stimulate cell proliferative activity, including\u0000the formation of a monolayer of kidney cells of calves and piglets They cause hemolysis of cattle erythro-\u0000cytes in the concentrations commonly used for disinfection, i.e., about 0.1 %, in the average titers of 1 : 7 for\u0000PHMGH and 1 : 2.5 for PHMBH. Therefore, PHMBH shows greater hemolytic (biocidal) activity for cattle\u0000erythrocytes than PHMGH (in ≈2.8x). The high molecular weight fraction of PHMBH (M2 ≈ 2,000–7,000\u0000Da) demonstrated a lower (in ≈2.4x) hemolytic activity than the low molecular weight basic fraction (M1 ≈\u0000500–2,000 Da). The experiments on the kidney cell cultures of pigs and cattle have shown that at non-toxic\u0000concentrations (10–5 %) PHMBH can effectively stimulate (from 27 to 65 % increase) the proliferative activ-\u0000ity of eukaryotic cells and accelerate the formation of a monolayer of cells. The combinations of PHMGH\u0000with some essential oils of medicinal plants also show a good effect (from 52 to 95 % increase), and PHMBH\u0000shows a good effect with oil of pine for pig kidney cells (20 % increase) and oil of horsemint for cattle kidney\u0000cells (67 % increase). Conclusions. PHMGH and PHMBH can possibly be used in agricultural production\u0000not only as disinfectants or antiseptics, but also in wound healing. Although their toxicity is also significant to\u0000eukaryotic cells, yet they can possibly be used in veterinary medicine in low concentrations (0.005–0.5 %) for\u0000the treatment of wounds of various origin, including burns, in the composition of ointments, gels, bandages,\u0000or plasters, which we have presently in investigation.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of karyotypes of Вovidae family from the evolutionary aspect","authors":"V. Dzitsiuk, H. Bratytsia, T. Dyman","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze chromosome sets of specific species of agricultural animals of Bovidae\u0000family using the techniques of differentiated G- and Ag-banding of chromosomes and to demonstrate the role of\u0000their variability in the evolution. Methods. The culture of lymphocytes and chromosome preparations were pre-\u0000pared by the method of Moorhead et al (1960). The preparations of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed by the\u0000G-banding methods of Barch M J et al (1997) and by Ag-banding method of Zhu JJ et al (2019). The chromosomal\u0000aberrations were classified according to the recommendations of the International System for Chromosome No-\u0000menclature of Domestic Bovids (2001). The dendrogram of phylogenetic relations between mammalian species\u0000was built using “STATISTICA 6.1”. Results. The comparative study of the chromosomal sets of cattle Bos taurus,\u0000domestic sheep Ovis aries and river buffalo Bubalus bubalis bubalis was conducted using G- and Ag-banding\u0000methods. The homology of the structural organization of chromosomes and the evolutionary changes in karyotypes\u0000of Bovidae family were analyzed, highlighting their sex chromosomes and the chromosomes with specific local-\u0000ized groups of gene linkage. A considerable homology of chromosome sites was found in the representatives of the\u0000investigated species by the G-banding profiles. To study the phylogenetic interrelations, the index of the number\u0000of active nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) in the chromosomes during the metaphase stage was used. Conclu-\u0000sions. The comparison of the morphology of chromosomes of agricultural animals of Bovidae family, Bos taurus,\u0000Ovis aries, and Bubalus bubalis bubalis confirms the association between the homology of some chromosomal\u0000sites and the formation of metacentric chromosomes due to the linkage of acrocentric ones. The species-specific\u0000morphological differences in sex chromosomes of the investigated animals were found in terms of the length and\u0000presence of pericentric inversions. The phylogenetic relations between the species of Bovidae family demonstrate\u0000that the value of distances, determined based on the variability of the number of active NOR, reflects the degree\u0000of their phylogenetic similarity.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny of Plectosphaerella melonis strain 502 and varietal sensitivity of cucumber plants","authors":"H. Tsekhmister, E. Kopilov, O. Nadkernychna, A. Kyslynska","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the phylogenetic relations of P. melonis strain 502 and to study the varietal sensitivity of cu- cumber plants to P. melonis strain 502. Methods. DNA was extracted using the enzymatic lysis buffer. The PCR was conducted following White et al. protocol (1990). The obtained PCR-products were determined by sequencing on the automatic capillary sequencer Applied Biosystems ABI Prism 3130. The sequence of the gene 5.8S rRNA of P. melonis strain 502 was compared to the sequences from the GenBank database using the BLAST analysis. The phy- logenetic analysis was conducted by the neighbor-joining method. The evolutionary distances were estimated by the method of Jukes & Cantor. The evolutionary analysis was conducted in MEGA7. The sensitivity of cucumber plants was determined during a vegetative experiment with artificial infection background (AIB), created by introducing the infectious material of fungus P. melonis strain 502 into the soil. The infectious material was introduced at a rate of 50 thousand CFU/per 1 g of soil. The damage to the root system was assessed after 14 days of cultivating plants on the AIB. The disease severity index (DSI) was estimated to determine the general sensitivity of the investigated varieties. The varieties, which received DSI","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptokotyle lühe, 1899 (trematoda: heterophyidae): special characteristics of developmental biology and epizootiology","authors":"S. Honcharov, N. Soroka, A. Dubovyi, M. Galat","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.01.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents the scientific studies data on the special characteristics of developmental biology and epizo-\u0000otiology of Cryptocotyle trematodes, which belong to Heterophyidae family and pose a threat to the health of the\u0000endotherms, including humans, i.e., it is a typical zoonosis. These trematodes are predominantly widespread in\u0000the Mediterranean region, namely, in the western Mediterranean region and the Aegean province. The trematodes\u0000of Cryptocotyle genus are found in Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Antarctica. They are typical bio-\u0000helminths, i.e., they have a complicated life cycle, where the initial intermediate hosts are mollusks, the second\u0000ones – fish of different species, the definitive and final hosts are piscivorous birds, carnivorous animals (foxes,\u0000wolves, dogs, cats, etc.), and humans. Cryptocotylosis is remarkable for its seasonal prevalence, which depends on\u0000the climatic zoning of territories. For instance, in the territorial waters of Ukraine, the highest indices of crypto-\u0000cotylosis invasion among Agonidae fish are mainly observed in summer and autumn, but the peak of the invasion\u0000comes in autumn. The parasitizing of Cryptocotyle trematodes in the organism of mollusks impacts the reproduc-\u0000tion ability and behavioral specificities (motility) of the latter. The invaded fish have black pigment spots on the\u0000surface of their bodies – these are metacercariae. In the organism of definitive hosts, the agent is localized in the\u0000gastrointestinal tract and may cause inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the intestines and changes\u0000in parenchymatous organs, which demonstrates the toxic effect of the parasite on the host organism. The diagnos-\u0000tics of cryptocotylosis is based on detecting the agent in the host organism and its further taxonomic identification\u0000by its anatomic and morphological specificities. The pollution of the aqueous medium with organic and inorganic\u0000residues impacts the organisms of both hosts and parasites.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48334232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of TLR1, TLR4, and SLC11A1 genes in populations of different cattle breeds of Ukrainian selection","authors":"R. Kulibaba, Y. Liashenko, O. Ivashchenko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the specificities of population genetic structure of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, Ukrainian\u0000Red-and-White dairy breed, and Ukrainian Grey cattle breed by polymorphism of TLR1, TLR4, and SLC11A1 genes.\u0000Methods. The study was conducted using the method of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length\u0000polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results. The results of the study demonstrated that in all the experimental populations,\u0000the locus TLR4 by mutations 8732G>A, 8834G>C, and 2021C>T was monomorphic, while loci TLR1 (1596G>A)\u0000and SLC11A1 (7400C>G and 7808A>T) were polymorphic. For the TLR4 gene by 8732G>A mutation, only individu-\u0000als with genotype BB were found; by 8834G>C – with genotype GG; by 2021C>T – with genotype CC. By BclI-\u0000polymorphism in the first exon of TLR1 (1596G>A) the A and G allelic variants were found in each experimental\u0000population. The deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state was revealed for the populations of Ukrainian\u0000Black-and-White and Ukrainian Grey cattle breeds. A considerable excess of heterozygous individuals was fixed in\u0000both cattle populations (31 and 39 % respectively). Considering PstI-polymorphism in exon 11 of SLC11A1 gene,\u0000allelic variants C and G were found for SNP5 (7400C>G), as well as A and T for SNP6 (7808A>T) in all experimen-\u0000tal populations. As for SNP5 (7400C>G), a considerable excess (from 15 to 30 %) of heterozygous individuals was\u0000determined for all experimental groups. Unlike other breeds, there was no excess (Fis = 0,04) of heterozygotes for\u0000SNP6 (7808A>T) in the population of Ukrainian Grey cattle. Conclusions. The parameters of genetic variability in\u0000the different cattle populations of Ukrainian selection by TLR1, TLR4, and SLC11A1 loci were studied. The results\u0000of the study showed the impossibility of using TLR4 locus by 8732G>A, 8834G>C and 2021C>T mutations in the\u0000programs of marker-associated selection of the investigated cattle breeds due to its monomorphic nature. The analysis\u0000of the allele and genotype distribution by TLR1 and SLC11A1 loci (presence of individuals with different genotypes in\u0000all experimental cattle breeds) indicates the possibility of using different allelic variants of these genes in the breeding\u0000programs for the studied cattle populations.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46499590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant growth regulatory activity in the phytopathogenic fungus Plectosphaerella melonis strain 502","authors":"H. Tsekhmister, A. Kyslynska, E. Kopilov, O. Nadkernychna","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the ability of our phytopathogenic fungal strain 502, earlier preliminarily identified as the phytopathogen\u0000Plectosphaerella melonis (syn. Acremonium cucurbitacearum), to have phytotoxic and/or plant growth regulatory activity.\u0000Methods. The phytotoxicity of strain 502, was studied by bioassays using the test cultures of corn (Zea mays L.), garden\u0000cress (Lepidium sativum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and onion (Allium cepa L.). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity\u0000of the fungus were estimated using the Allium cepa-test. The mitotic index of the, the duration of mitosis phases, and the\u0000frequency of aberrant ana-telophases of Allium cepa L. roots meristem was also investigated. For this purpose, strain 502,\u0000was grown in the following culture media: synthetic Raulin-Thom medium for 10 days at 26 ± 2 °С. Cell-free filtrate\u0000(culture fluid) was used for the study. Ethylene production was quantified in culture filtrate using gas-chromatography meth-\u0000od. Ethylene measurement was performed every 7 days during 8 weeks. The determination was carried out using a gas\u0000chromatograph «Agilent Technologies 6850» (USA) fitted with a flame ionization detector, using commercial ethylene\u0000as a standard for identification and quantification Every experiment had three repeats. The reliability of experimental data\u0000was assessed by statistical methods using Statistica 12 (Stat-Soft Inc., USA). Results. Undiluted culture fluid (obtained\u0000by growing the fungus on liquid wort) of our strain 502 inhibited the growth of Z. mays seedlings by 14 %, L. sativum\u0000seedlings by 18 % (1 : 100 dilution) and stimulated the growth of L. sativum roots by 54 and 41 % (1 : 10 and 1 : 100\u0000dilutions, respectively). The culture fluid, obtained by growing the fungus on Raulin-Thom’s synthetic agar, demonstrated\u0000a slight inhibitory effect on the seedlings and roots of L. sativum, and at the dilution of 1 : 1000 stimulated growth by\u000030 %. Insignificant changes in the mitotic index of the meristem of A. cepa roots were revealed at the effect of the culture\u0000fluid of P. melonis, strain 502, diluted at the ratio of 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000. At the same time, the number of cells at the prophase\u0000stage decreased 1.7 times (1 : 100 dilution). There is a significant increase in the number of cells at the metaphase stage –\u00001.3 and 1.4 times (dilution 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000, respectively), the anaphase stage – 2.1 and 1.8 times (dilution 1 : 100 and\u00001 : 1000, respectively) and the telophase stage – 1.8 times (1 : 100 dilution), as compared with the positive control\u0000(culture medium). The frequencies of aberrant ana-telophases in the apical meristems of the initial roots were\u00005.0 and 2.2 % (at the culture fluid dilution of 1 : 100 and 1 : 1000, respectively). We researched the abil-\u0000ity of P. melonis 502 to synthesize ethylene and the highest level of it was registered after 5 weeks of cultivation\u0000(111.78 nmol/h g). Conclusions: It was demonstrated by us that the culture fluid of strain 502 showe","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}