Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Stress and use of herbicides in field crops","authors":"M. Radchenko, I. Ponomareva, I. Pozynych, Y. Morderer","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.050","url":null,"abstract":"When herbicides are combined under natural conditions or applied in stress conditions (drought, for instance),\u0000the efficiency of their action may decrease which results in considerable yield losses. The reason thereto is that\u0000another herbicide or stressor can trigger the adaptation mechanism in weed plants, and they survive, resulting\u0000in weed infestation. In particular, it applies to such herbicides as acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitors or so-\u0000called graminicides, which are effective only for grass weeds control. The efficiency of this groups of herbi-\u0000cides is heavily dependent on the environment and often decreases when combined with herbicides, efficient\u0000against dicotyledon weeds. It turns out that this occurs due to the fact their final phytotoxicity is not determined\u0000at the level of the site of action (herbicide target) but depends on the stage of herbicide-induced pathogenesis –\u0000processes, occurring due to the interaction between the herbicide and its site of action. The stress response of\u0000the weeds may make its contribution into herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Plants are known to respond to the\u0000action of various abiotic stressors in the form of non-specific stress response and depending on the intensity and\u0000duration of the stressor’s action, a plant either adapts or dies. At present there are sufficient data, demonstrating\u0000that programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species\u0000(ROS) induce PCD in specific classes of herbicides. The participation of ROS and PCD in herbicide-induced\u0000pathogenesis allows for targeted effects on the phytotoxic action of herbicides, for instance, via combined\u0000application of herbicides with possible PCD inducers and prooxidants. The confirmation of the role of non-\u0000specific response in the development of phytotoxic action of herbicides is found in the phenomena of cross-\u0000adaptation (activation of antioxidant defense) and cross-synergism (activation of oxidative stress) under the\u0000application of herbicides. Based on our own research and literature data, the importance of cross-adaptation\u0000and cross-synergism in applying herbicides in drought conditions and to determine the nature of the interac-\u0000tion in herbicide complexes is discussed. In particular, the review discusses the reduction of phytotoxicity of\u0000the ACCase herbicides due to the phenomenon of cross-adaptation in drought conditions and in combination\u0000with herbicides, which are acetolactate synthase inhibitors. The results of investigations were presented about\u0000the reduction of antagonism in the mixtures of herbicides, which are ACCase and ALS inhibitors, because of\u0000the use of substances with prooxidant properties, as well as the inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide\u0000dismutase. On the other hand, we analyzed the possibility of increasing the phytotoxic effect of herbicides,\u0000ACCase inhibitors, in combination with herbicides with prooxidant properties – inhibitors of electron transport\u0000in Photosystem ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42018152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro screening of new strains of predacious nematophagous fungi for biocontrol suitability when produced in liquid culture","authors":"H. Tkalenko, Ya.M. Gadzalo, O. Borzykh, S. Horal","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To isolate, identify, and evaluate in vitro the predacious ability of nematophagous fungi strains, to determine their\u0000eligibility for mass production under submerged cultivation; to select the most efficient isolates of predacious nematopha-\u0000gous fungi as promising producers of the biopreparation to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Methods. Microbiological,\u0000microscopical, cultural-morphological, statistical. Results. The screening to determine the presence of predacious nema-\u0000tophagous fungi in different soils from different regions has been conducted for the first time in Ukraine. Out of 75 soil\u0000samples, isolated in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Volyn and Odesa regions, 88 isolates of predacious nematophagous\u0000fungi were obtained which belong to 11 genera by their cultural-morphological characteristics: Arthrobotrys oligospo-\u0000ra – 39 isolates, A. musiformis – 25, A. conoides – 11, Drechslerella dactyloides – 3, A. artrobotryoides –2, A. superba –\u00002, A. megalospora – 2, A. sphaeroides –1, A. flagrans – 1, A. amerospora – 1, A. thaumasia – 1. High nematophagous\u0000activity in vitro (90–100 % trapping) regarding free-living nematodes (Rhabditis spp). was demonstrated by 4 isolates\u0000of A. oligospora, 18 isolates of A. musiformis, 5 isolates of A. conoides, 3 isolates of D. dactyloides, and one isolate\u0000of A. megalospora. Among the 47 most active isolates, 4 isolates of predacious fungi formed chlamydospores under\u0000submerged cultivation on two types of liquid media – wort medium and corn-molasses medium: A. musiformis-711,\u0000A. musiformis-911, A. conoides-90, D. dactyloides-19. It was found that isolate A. musiformis-911 and A. conoides-90\u0000could form conidia in the submerged culture. Further experiments in determining the character of development for two\u0000latter isolates in different types of media under submerged cultivation established that the largest number of chlamydo-\u0000spores and conidia were formed by the isolates of A. conoides 90 and A. musiformis 911 on potato dextrose medium,\u00007.6·105 and 6.5·105 spores/ml respectively. In the wort medium, the productivity of spore formation for the isolate of\u0000A. conoides 90 was 35 times lower, amounting to 2.2·104 spores/ml, and in peptone-glucose medium – 90 times lower\u0000(8.5·103 spores/ml). The isolate of A. musiformis 911 in the wort medium produced 325 times fewer spores (2.0×\u0000×103 spores/ml) than in potato-dextrose medium, while no chlamydospores and conidia were formed in the peptone-\u0000glucose medium. More detailed study of the ratio between isolates-producers and different sources of nutrition as the\u0000basis for the optimization of liquid media is required. Conclusions. According to the results of determining nematoph-\u0000agous activity regarding free-living nematodes, isolated from different soils in Ukraine and evaluating the character of\u0000development under submerged cultivation, two isolates of predacious fungi were selected – Arthrobotrys conoides-90\u0000and A. musiformis-911, which are promising producers o","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum shrank.) of groats use","authors":"L. Vecherska, V. Liubych, L. Relina, O. Golik, V. Suchkova, R. Bohuslavskyi","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realization of protective and symbiotic properties of soybeans using fungicide seed treatment","authors":"T. Mamenko, S. Kots, V. Patyka","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the\u0000combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources\u0000to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi-\u0000ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi-\u0000cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l,\u0000pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid\u0000peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on\u0000the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed\u0000inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid\u0000peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro-\u0000matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with\u0000active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the\u0000values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat-\u0000ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with\u0000Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here,\u0000the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the\u0000combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes,\u0000but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of\u0000the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active\u0000rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and\u0000196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed\u0000treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b\u0000does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor-\u0000bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on\u0000the early stages of determining le","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Ukraine","authors":"N. Rudova, O. Lymanska, B. Stegniy, V. Bolotin, O. Solodiankin, A. Gerilovych","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is no information regarding the occurrence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) in pigs in Ukraine.\u0000Aim. The aim of this work was to study the probable occurrence of the little-studied PCV-3 in pigs with different\u0000health status in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Methods. Blood, semen, liver,\u0000spleen, lung samples and nasal swabs of sows and boars of different ages and with different health status, belonging\u0000to farms from Dnipro, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, were used for the study. PCV-3 genomic\u0000material was detected by the standard polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, flanking a fragment of the\u0000rep gene of the virus with the length of 418 bp. To visualize the amplicons, horizontal gel electrophoresis was used\u0000and ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis, followed by photographing the gels using Image Lab 5.2.1\u0000software. Results. DNA of PCV-3 was found in two liver samples and four nasal swabs in two different farms,\u0000obtained from clinically healthy pigs, which suggests the possibility of the circulation of this infectious agent at the\u0000subclinical level of infection at the farm under investigation. No PCV-3 coinfection with the causative agents of\u0000porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, and mycoplasmas was found at\u0000this farm. Conclusions. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) – (a little-studied causative agent of swine disease) was\u0000detected in 6 out of 61 samples, originating from two farms in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, obtained from clinically\u0000healthy animals) for the first time in Ukraine. This indicates possible circulation of the pathogen among pig farms in\u0000Ukraine and demonstrates the need to create and implement a target risk analysis, an extensive survey, as well as to\u0000develop control measures of the disease spreading (both organizational and technical preventive). Molecular genetic\u0000surveying and subsequent monitoring of PCV-3 among domestic and wild animals, which can cross the borders, will\u0000give a possibility to determine the risks of its spreading and related economic and epidemiological consequences.\u0000The whole-genome DNA sequencing of the detected virus isolates is planned to determine the relation of Ukrainian\u0000strains of the virus to other strains circulating in Europe and other parts of the world. Better understanding the risks,\u0000epidemiology and pathology, associated with this new virus for the Ukrainian pig breeding industry, will help to\u0000prevent and control its further spread and harmful effects.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of detecting resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart disease) in infested sites of Ukraine and Georgia","authors":"A. Zelya, L. Janse, J. Janse, S. Ghoghoberidze, G. Zelya, R. Korduleand, Z. Sikharulidze","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the occurrence and persistence of Synchytrium endobioticum, resting spore contamination\u0000in a small survey of (known infested) potato plots in Ukraine and Georgia; to compare the detection efficiency\u0000for resting spores (winter sporangia) of S. endobioticum using an extraction method, routinely applied in\u0000Ukraine, based on the use of sodium iodide (NaI) and an extraction method largely based on EPPO Standard\u0000PM 7/28(2) (2017), using kaolin and calcium chloride (CaCl2) for extraction. Methods. The examination of\u0000fields, aimed at detecting of S. endobioticum in 22 infested plots in Georgia, was conducted following the\u0000standard European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) phytosanitary procedure PM 3/59(3) (2017), and in\u0000Ukraine in 11 plots according to the Ukrainian Standard ‘Methodological recommendations on sampling during\u0000quarantine inspection and evaluation’ (Omeluta V P et al, 1996). Resting spores were extracted using kaolin\u0000and CaCl2 (following largely EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2) 2017), and floatation in a solution of NaI (Zelya et al,\u00002005), respectively. The content of soil organic matter (SOM), collected in potato wart infested plots in Ukraine\u0000and Georgia, was determined according to the ‘Method of laboratory determination of the content of organic\u0000matter’, largely following the method of Tyurin to determine total soil organic carbon (Jankauskas B et al,\u00002006). The persistence or decline of potato wart in infested plots was evaluated, based on our own observations\u0000and the data of the national phytosanitary services (https://dpss.gov.ua; http://agr.georgia.gov). The results of\u0000the study were subjected to statistical analysis, using Statistica 5 software. Results. It was found that under a\u0000low up to high level of organic matter in soil samples (2.0–2.7 and 3.1–3.9 %, respectively) and a moderate to\u0000high level of inoculum in soil (3–15 up to 41–65 resting spores/g soil, respectively) there were no significant\u0000differences in the efficiency of two extraction methods under consideration: the floatation in a solution of\u0000NaI and the application of kaolin and CaCl2. However, at a low number of resting spores present in soil (1–2\u0000resting spores/g soil), the efficiency of the method using NaI decreased statistically significant by 20–30 % as\u0000opposed to the method using kaolin/CaCl2. A relatively high level of soil contamination with resting spores\u0000was found in 11 investigated plots of 4 Ukrainian regions: 41–46 resting spores/g soil in the Ivano-Frankivsk\u0000Region, 49 in the Lviv Region, 40–65 in the Zakarpattia and 52–65 Chernivtsi Regions. The majority of the 22\u0000investigated Georgian plots showed a low inoculum level (1–7 resting spores/g soil) and only in one village their\u0000level amounted to 15 resting spores/g soil (Uchguli village, Mestia municipality). Conclusions. The method\u0000applying sodium iodide was found to be comparable to the method applying kaolin and CaCl2 under conditions\u0000of moderate to high inoculum levels (15–65 resting ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41252984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of hull-less barley with ultra-low gluten content via target genes combination. I. Isolation of triple mutants and black grained genotypes","authors":"O. Rybalka, V. Katrii, S. Polishchuk, B. Morgun","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the research, presented in this paper, is to develop (as the first one in Ukraine) hull-less barley\u0000breeding material with ultra-low gluten, combining three hordein-deficient mutations, derived from Risø56, Risø1508,\u0000and R118, with black grain color as an indication of bioactive pigments content, enhancing the functional status of\u0000grain as a food product. Methods. We used electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel, DNA isolation\u0000by the CTAB method, polymerase chain reaction with DNA-markers, restriction analysis and electrophoretic separa\u0000tion of DNA in agarose gel. Results. The article presents the results of the first stage of combining target hordeindefi cient mutations by binary crosses. The F2/3 and F3/4 populations were derived from binary crosses of Risø56 ×\u0000Risø1508 (reciprocal Risø1508 × Risø56) and R118 × hull-less barley Achilles. The new PCR protocol was optimized.\u0000Markers B1hor, 3a5F and Dhor-m were selected to identify mutations in B, C and D hordeins. Conclusions. Several\u0000barley genotypes with one or two target hordein-deficient mutations and black grain color were isolated. The genotypes obtained will be used in a further backcrosses program, aimed at developing of a black hull-less barley variety\u0000with ultra-low gluten content.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42029653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of nucleolar organizer regions in different Ukrainian cattle breeds","authors":"V. Dzitsiuk, H. Typylo, I. Mitiohlo","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in different Ukrainian cattle breeds in terms of their\u0000apparent activity status in silver stain and possible relation with milk productivity. Methods. Chromosome prepara-\u0000tions using lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 90 cows of different breeds were used in the study. NOR activity\u0000was determined by visual evaluation of concentrations of silver precipitation on NORs in individual chromosomes.\u0000A 50 % silver nitrate solution was used to stain chromosome preparations. NORs were detected as dark spots on\u0000telomeres of the corresponding chromosomes. Results. The cytological analysis of chromosome preparations from\u0000lymphocytes of first lactation cows detected NOR polymorphism in Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy cattle (URM),\u0000Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (UBW), and hybrid cows, obtained by crossing Ukrainian Red-and-Motley\u0000dairy breed and Montbeliarde bulls (URM × M). First lactation cows of URM and UBM had higher or the same inci-\u0000dence of cells with four (29.8 and 30 %) and five (17.1 and 19.5 %) NORs, while in URM × M cows the incidence of\u0000cells with the same number of NORs was almost twice lower; cells with 7 and 8 NORs exceeded a similar index for\u0000other investigated breeds almost twice (2.5 against 4.5 % and 2.0 against 4.2 %). The highest level of chromosomal\u0000aberrations (CA) was observed in the group of animals with medium number (2 to 3 NORs per cell), and the lowest –\u0000in the group with a high number of NORs (from 6 to 7) with a reliable intergroup difference (p < 0.01). NOR activity\u0000was the highest in the group of animals of local origin (URM × M) with a milk yield over 7,000 kg in 305 days of the\u0000first lactation and the lowest in the UBW cows with a milk yield of 4–5,000 kg during the first lactation. Conclusions.\u0000We determined the differences in the activity of nucleolar organizers between the investigated groups of cows of dairy\u0000breed. URM × M hybrids reliably (р ≤ 0.05) exceeded dairy UBW cows by this index. No statistically significant different was found between other investigated groups of animals by this trait. Higher dairy productivity was found in the\u0000animals with higher frequency of NORs in the chromosomes of metaphase cells. In our opinion, the number of active\u0000NORs demonstrates relative variability between their number and the rate of protein synthesis, required to implement\u0000the productivity traits of the investigated animals.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allele frequencies of Ppd-D1a, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-B1c of photoperiodic sensitivity genes in spring bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) of various origin","authors":"I. Balashova, V. Fait","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify and evaluate allele frequencies of Ppd-D1a, Ppd-B1a, Ppd-B1c and Ppd-1 of the genotypes of spring\u0000bread wheat varieties from various climatic zones. Methods. DNA isolation, allele-specific PCR, electrophoresis in\u0000agarose and polyacrylamide gel, statistical analysis. Results. 137 varieties of spring bread wheat of various origin\u0000were detected to identify Ppd-1 genotypes of Ppd-D1a, Ppd-B1a and Ppd-B1c allele carriers. The results for the total\u0000sampling of the varieties under investigation and the sampling of Asian varieties yielded six different Ppd-1 genotypes\u0000in each. As for samplings of other regions, there were from two (Mexico) to four (Europe, the USA, Canada, Ukraine)\u0000Ppd-1 genotypes. In the total sampling of varieties, there was a high incidence (20.5 %) of genotypes, dominant only\u0000in allele Ppd-D1a, varying from 0 (Russia) to 85.0 % (Mexico). The incidence of the genotypes with monogenically\u0000dominant Ppd-B1a (7.3 %) or Ppd-B1c (5.1 %) in the total sampling, was considerably lower. These genotypes were\u0000most common for the sampling of the varieties from the USA and Canada (25.0 and 16.7 % respectively). Digenically\u0000dominant Ppd-D1a Ppd-B1a genotypes were found in the total sampling with relatively low incidence (7.3 %), and\u0000were notable for the varieties from Asia (33.4 %), Mexico (15.0 %), Ukraine (13.1 %), and Europe (3.1 %). The di\u0000genically dominant genotype Ppd-D1a Ppd-B1с was found only in the Japanese variety Konosu-25. Gene Ppd-A1 was\u0000present in all the spring varieties under investigation in its recessive state. Conclusions. Out of three dominant alleles\u0000in the studied sampling, the highest incidence was noted for allele Ppd-D1a (28.5 %). All the varieties from Mexico,\u0000present in the set, carry this allele. At the same time, it was not found in any variety from Russia. Allele Ppd-B1a was\u0000detected in the varieties from all the regions with the incidence of 7.7 (Russia) – 44.4 % (Asia). Allele Ppd-B1c was\u0000sporadically present in the varieties from Russia, Ukraine, the USA, Japan, and Brazil, and its incidence in the total\u0000sampling was insignificant (5.8 %). The varieties, identified by the allelic status of Ppd-1 genes, may be used as donors\u0000for selection and determination of the influence of alleles for each gene by the development rate and related economically valuable traits of bread wheat.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune response of the harderian gland in chickens to infectious bronchitis coronavirus","authors":"Гуральська, Кот, Дишлюк, Заїка, Хоменко, Героїв Оборони","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the difference in immune responses of the harderian gland in clinically healthy chickens and the\u0000ones with infectious bronchitis based on the content, localization and morphometric estimation of the surface markers\u0000of Т- and В-lymphocytes and to determine the differentiation index as an indicator of assessing body defenses.\u0000Methods. Histological, immunohistochemical, optical, morphometric and statistical. Results. The histological study\u0000of the harderian gland of chickens with infectious bronchitis determined the swelling and proliferation of the connective\u0000tissue as well as infiltration of secretory lobules by lymphoid cells. It was found that the immunity of chickens with\u0000infectious bronchitis, in which the harderian gland plays a relevant role, depends considerably on the differentiation\u0000index of immunocompetent cells. There was a reliable 1.77- and 1.36-fold decrease in this indicator for 40- and\u000090-day-old chickens, respectively, in case of nephroso-nephritic form of infectious bronchitis which demonstrated a\u0000weaker function of the defense cells of this organ. According to the cytomorphometric analysis, the number of cells,\u0000expressing CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD45RA+ markers in the harderian gland of sick 20-, 40-, and 90-day-old chickens\u0000with respiratory and nephroso-nephritic forms of infectious bronchitis was reliably (P < 0.05) increasing compared\u0000to the clinically healthy chickens. For instance, the number of mature В-lymphocytes increased in sick 20-day-old\u0000chickens – 2.44 times, 40-day-old chickens – 1.88 times, and 90-day-old ones – 2.62 times compared to clinically\u0000healthy chickens. Conclusions. The data were obtained about the changes in quantitative and qualitative composition\u0000of lymphocytes with surface markers CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD45RA+ in the harderian gland of chickens with infectious\u0000bronchitis. Our results will supplement current knowledge about the feasibility of immunohistochemical methods in\u0000the diagnostics of avian infectious bronchitis.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}