Przeglad Menopauzalny最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the uncommon: vault hematoma and vault cellulitis following hysterectomy - a comprehensive narrative review.","authors":"Ipsita Mohapatra, Subha Ranjan Samantaray","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure performed to remove the uterus. This is considered as a clean-contaminated surgical procedure. It is a safe procedure, but major and minor complications can occur, including vault hematoma and vault cellulitis, which are specific to the surgical site. Vault hematoma is the accumulation of blood within the vaginal vault, while vault cellulitis is an infection of the vaginal vault or the surgical cuff following a hysterectomy. Vault hematoma may be caused by trauma during surgery, improper hemostasis or infection. Smaller hematomas may resolve with conservative management, but larger vault hematomas and infected hematomas may need surgical drainage and antibiotic coverage. Vault cellulitis typically occurs due to the introduction of bacteria into the surgical site which may occur due to inappropriate postoperative care and contaminated materials. The patient may present with pelvic pain and fever. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are typically prescribed to treat the infection. While both these complications are relatively rare and appear to be mild, healthcare providers should be vigilant in recognizing and managing them promptly to prevent adverse outcomes. Prophylactic antibiotics should be administered before the surgery to reduce the risk of infection. Care should be taken to minimize tissue trauma, ensure proper hemostasis, and maintain strict aseptic techniques during surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67 index on diagnostic biopsy in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the context of post-treatment tumour ypT stage, ypN stage, grade, and molecular subtype.","authors":"Vasil Nanev, Hristo Milev, Desislava Dimitrova, Silvia Naneva, Strahil Asenov Strashilov, Angel Yordanov, Miroslava Mihailova, Simoneta Ivanova, Milena Karcheva, Ivan Ivanov","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, characterised by diverse clinical behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess how cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67 index, evaluated on diagnostic biopsy, are related to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the context of molecular subtype, post-treatment tumour, N category, and grade.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was carried out among 110 breast cancer patients. Ki-67 levels and caspase-3 expression on diagnostic biopsy were explored regarding their relation to tumour grade and molecular subtype, ypT, ypN categories, and T and N categories according to Sataloff tumour response evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant relationship was found between Ki-67 levels and tumour grade K-W = 24.2932, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; molecular subtype K-W = 28.5439, <i>p</i> < 0.00000967538; size and invasion of the primary tumour after neoadjuvant chemotherapy K-W = 11.7944, <i>p</i> < 0.0377169; caspase-3 expression after neoadjuvant therapy, evaluated according to the Sataloff classification χ² = 5.97, df = 1, <i>p</i> = 0.0145.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>No significant difference was found between Ki-67 expression in patients with pathological complete response, compared to those with partial and no response, a statistically significant difference in cases with different molecular subtype, histology grade, and tumour stage after neoadjuvant therapy. Cleaved caspase-3-positive breast cancer cases are often better responders to neoadjuvant therapy, but with no significant correlation to molecular subtype, high-grade categories, or tumour stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The caspase-3 and Ki-67 index on diagnostic biopsy are related to post-neoadjuvant treatment prognostic factors (ypT stage, grade), proving them useful for prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy and further patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of theory-based education on promoting urinary tract infection prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women - experimental study.","authors":"Elham Nejadsadeghi, Elham Eshaghi Gorji, Ahmad Vakili-Basir, Samaneh Norouzi, Seyedeh Leila Dehghani, Shahab Papi","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent infection among the elderly population, often culminating in more severe and life-threatening complications. The prevalence of diabetes among elderly individuals is markedly on the rise, with UTI emerging as the most prevalent infectious ailment in this diabetic cohort. This study aims to ascertain the influence of theory-based education on promoting UTI prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 100 elderly women with diabetes who sought care at comprehensive health service centres in Miandoab City between January and May 2022 were assessed. Multistage random sampling was employed, and an educational intervention was designed according to the health belief model (HBM) constructs. Data collected before and one month after the educational intervention were analysed with a validated and reliable researcher-designed questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants had a mean age of 62.30 ±7.63 years. There was significant disparity between the experimental and control groups concerning the mean scores for knowledge, HBM constructs, and behaviour, with adjustments made for baseline differences. In essence, the intervention had significant affects, resulting in heightened levels of knowledge, improvements in HBM constructs, and more favourable behavioural changes. The effect size was moderate for perceived benefits and severity, while it was large for other variables (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research findings validate the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in HBM for fostering UTI prevention behaviours among elderly diabetic women. Consequently, such an approach is recommended for enhancing the overall health of elderly diabetic women.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of physiotherapy on infertility treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.","authors":"Monika Szafarowska, Marcin Rosiński, Agnieszka Segiet-Święcicka, Szymon Jędrzejczyk, Michał Jerzak, Małgorzata Jerzak","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal condition associated with psychological, reproductive, and metabolic features. Low-grade inflammation is a recognised factor causing metabolic and reproductive disorders in PCOS, which is why anti-inflammation approaches in PCOS treatment, especially during the COVID pandemic, are considered. A promising therapeutic option is osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), which activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and can inhibit proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1β, and TNF-β. In our paper we analysed the influence of OMT in women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Seventy-three patients, aged 29-46 years, with a history of reproductive failure, who underwent a physiotherapeutic treatment were evaluated. Six months after the end of a physiotherapy session, a follow-up questionnaire was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that most women (83.6%) were satisfied with the therapeutic process, and that the sessions met the patient's expectations. Reducing the level of anxiety related to infertility treatment and pregnancy was declared by 60 (82.2%) women, an improvement in well-being was declared by 72 (97.3%) (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and increasing awareness of the body after physiotherapy sessions was declared by 70 (95.9%) women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The physiotherapeutic sessions improved infertility treatment, enhanced quality of life, and had a positive effect on overall health in PCOS women.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method that facilitates the diagnosis of endometrial cancer: the ratio of endometrial thickness to the full thickness of the uterine wall and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements.","authors":"Soner Gök, Ayhan Atigan, Berfin Can Gök","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between some risk factors and endometrial pathologies determined by transvaginal sonography (TVS), as well as the diagnostic predictive values of serum oestradiol (E2) levels, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, endometrium thickness (ET), and the ratio of ET to uterine wall full thickness (UWT) in differential diagnosis of malignant, precancerous, and benign pathologies of endometrium in patients with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) or with asymptomatic increased endometrial thickness.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted with 211 women who applied to the hospital with complaints of PMB or ET of 5 mm or more in their routine controls. Venous blood samples were taken for complete blood count and the measurement of E2 levels. Patients also underwent TVS; ET, UWT, and the ratio of ET to UWT were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Menopausal age and body mass index averages were significantly higher in atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer (EC) groups. Endometrial thickness and endometrial thickness/uterine wall full thickness ratio measured by TVS were significantly higher in all precancerous pathologies and EC. Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was significantly higher in all precancerous pathologies and EC. Oestradiol levels were higher in the atypical hyperplasia and EC groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postmenopausal bleeding is a common symptom of EC, but in some cases this disease may occur asymptomatically. Measurement of the endometrium thickness, and the ratio of endometrium thickness/uterine wall full thickness and SAT thickness by sonography has a high predictive value for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of expression of 4-hydroxynonenal tested by immunohistochemistry for cervical cancer.","authors":"Eva Tsoneva, Polina Dimitrova, Metodi Metodiev, Velizar Shivarov, Mariela Vasileva-Slaveva, Angel Yordanov, Stoyan Kostov","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of mortality in women around the world, with the highest incidence rate still being in developing countries. The most common aetiological factor is infection with high-risk human papilloma virus viral strains. Oxidative stress through generation of reactive oxygen species leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Studies show that reactive lipid electrophiles such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) produced in the process play an important role in cancer signalling pathways and are a good biomarker for oxidative stress. We aim to investigate the prognostic role of 4-HNE as a biomarker for oxidative stress in patients in early and advanced stages of CC measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 69 patients treated at our Department of Oncogynaecology. Paraffin embedded tumour tissues were immunohistochemically tested for the levels of expression of 4-HNE. The results for H-score, Allred score, and combined score were investigated for association with tumour size, lymph node status, andInternational Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4-hydroxynonenal showed higher expression in more advanced stages of CC and in cases with involved lymph nodes. Tumour size was not associated with the levels of 4-HNE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of 4-HNE as a prognostic factor in CC. The 3 score systems showed similar results. The pattern of 4-HNE histological appearance is dependent on the histological origin of cancer and is not universal.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between vitamin D and adolescents' parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density.","authors":"Ainur Donayeva, Ainur Amanzholkyzy, Ibrahim A Abdelazim, Saule Rakhyzhanova, Akzhunus Mannapova, Talgar Abilov, Zaituna Khamidullina, Karlygash Bimagambetova, Gulnara Gubasheva, Dinara Kulzhanova, Akbayan Turesheva, Samat Saparbayev","doi":"10.5114/pm.2024.136327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2024.136327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To detect the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and adolescents' parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone mineral density (BMD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Two hundred adolescent girls were recruited for this cross-sectional comparative study. After detailed evaluation, a pelvic sonography was performed for the studied adolescents to rule out any pelvic pathology. Adolescents' blood samples were collected to measure the thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA_1C), PTH, and 25(OH)D. The studied adolescents' BMD and the T-score were evaluated at 2 anatomical sites. The studied adolescents were classified according to their serum 25(OH)D into 2 groups: a 25(OH)D-deficient group (study group; 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) and normal controls (25(OH)D > 30 ng/ml). Student's t-test was used for analysis of the studied adolescents' variables, and correlation analysis (Pearson`s correlation) was used to detect the relationship between 25(OH)D and adolescents' PTH and BMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The parathyroid hormone was statistically higher in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (41.3 ±3.4 pg/ml vs. 21.1 ±2.8) (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and the BMD was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (-1.25 ±0.5 vs. 0.3 ±0.4) (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The 25(OH)D had a significant negative correlation with the adolescents' PTH (<i>r</i> = -0.9175; p < 0.00001) and a significant positive correlation with the adolescents' BMD (<i>r</i> = 0.756; <i>p</i> < 0.00001). The parathyroid hormone had a significant negative correlation with the adolescents' BMD (<i>r</i> = -0.7006; <i>p</i> < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The parathyroid hormone in this study had significant negative correlations with both 25(OH)D and BMD. The 25(OH)D had a significant positive correlation with the studied adolescents' BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between vitamin D and adolescents' hypothyroidism - a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ainur Donayeva, Dinara Kulzhanova, Ainur Amanzholkyzy, Ibrahim A Abdelazim, Talgar Abilov, Zhenisbek Baubekov, Ihab I Samaha","doi":"10.5114/pm.2023.133280","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pm.2023.133280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To detect the relationship between 25(OH)D and hypothyroidism in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 180 adolescents were included in the current study, which was conducted in West Kazakhstan (Aktobe) over 2 years. After thorough evaluation, blood samples were collected from the studied participants to measure the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), prolactin, glycosylated haemoglobin, and 25(OH)D. Participants were classified into a 25(OH)D-deficient group (study group) and controls. MedCalc and correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation) were used to detect the odds of hypothyroidism and the relationship between 25(OH)D and adolescents' hypothyroidism, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thyroid-stimulating hormone was statistically higher in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in the normal controls (3.71 ±1.4 mIU/ml vs. 2.67 ±0.99) (<i>p</i> = 0.0006), and the free T4 was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in normal controls (1.4 ±0.56 ng/ml vs. 1.5 ±0.4) (<i>p</i> = 0.0008). The 25(OH)D deficient group had higher odds of subclinical (OR 4.89; <i>p</i> = 0.016), and clinical hypothyroidism (OR 4.3; <i>p</i> = 0.013) compared to controls. A significant negative correlation between the 25(OH)D and TSH (<i>r</i> = -0.793; <i>p</i> < 0.00001), and a significant positive correlation between the 25(OH)D and free T4 (<i>r</i> 0.55; <i>p</i> < 0.00001) were detected in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The thyroid-stimulating hormone was statistically higher and the free T4 was statistically lower in the 25(OH)D-deficient group than in normal controls. The 25(OH)D-deficient group had higher odds of both subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism compared to controls. A significant negative correlation between the 25(OH)D and TSH, and a significant positive correlation between the 25(OH)D and the free T4 were detected in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"22 4","pages":"186-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women attending a tertiary care centre of Eastern India - a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Abhipsa Rath, Pallabi Nayak, Jasmina Begum, Subarna Mitra","doi":"10.5114/pm.2023.133593","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pm.2023.133593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge, and, as during the SARS outbreak in 2002, there was scope of overestimation of risk by pregnant women, leading to increased fear and anxiety. The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial impact of the pandemic on pregnant women so better-informed decisions can be taken to spread awareness and alleviate their anxieties.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study in a single tertiary care centre of Eastern India including 292 participants. The inclusion criteria were all pregnant women of any gestational age attending the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar for antenatal check-up or delivery. The exclusion criteria were patients with severe morbidities and patients not willing to participate. The primary outcome was to determine the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women and to measure the anxiety level of pregnant women during the COVID-19 crisis. The secondary outcome was to determine the correlation between demographic aspects and psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A self-designed questionnaire was used. Anxiety was scored using the generalised anxiety disorder scale. More than half the participants (57.9%) were not at all worried about acquiring the infection. Of all, 99.3% were scored to have no anxiety and 0.7% had moderate anxiety. Significant association of the level of anxiety was found with living with people at high risk of contracting the disease (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The widespread awareness activities were effective and successful, as the pregnant women at the grassroots level faced minimal anxiety and were aware and assured. Studies like this help to provide feedback and formulate educational activities in future pandemics. The change in the effect on people, from panic in the previous pandemics to assurance in the current one, as found in our study, indicates the commendable work done to spread well founded information far and wide by the government, health care institutions, and workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"22 4","pages":"196-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual changes after the thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants used during the COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Omnia B Bakr, Alaa H El-Feky, Ibrahim A Abdelazim, Rania G El-Skaan","doi":"10.5114/pm.2023.133594","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pm.2023.133594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To detect the menstrual changes after the thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants used during the COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 176 diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, were included in this retrospective study after giving informed consent. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire, and the collected participants` data were analysed using the χ<sup>2</sup> test to detect the menstrual changes after the thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants used during the COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of participants` number who reported menstrual flow for 2 to < 5 days, and menstrual flow > 7 days after the COVID-19 infection [31/176 (17.6%), and 42/176 (23.9%), respectively] was significantly higher compared to the number of participants` who reported menstrual flow for 2 to < 5 days, and menstrual flow > 7 days before the COVID-19 infection [12/176 (6.8%), and 15/176 (8.5%), respectively], (<i>p</i> = 0.005, and 0.0009, respectively). The use of thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants during the COVID-19 infection was also associated with significant menstrual pattern changes (37.8% increased menstrual flow, 18.5% menstrual flow for 2 to < 5 days, 59.7% menstrual flow > 7 days, 5.9% contact bleeding, and 6.7% abnormal menstrual pattern for one cycle).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant menstrual changes were observed in this study after the COVID-19 infection infection (17.6% reported menstrual flow for 2 to < 5 days, and 23.9% reported menstrual flow > 7 days). The use of thrombo-prophylaxis or anticoagulants during the COVID-19 infection infection was associated with significant menstrual changes (37.8% increased menstrual flow, 18.5% menstrual flow for 2 to < 5 days, 59.7% menstrual flow > 7 days, 5.9% contact bleeding, and 6.7% abnormal menstrual pattern for one cycle).</p>","PeriodicalId":55643,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Menopauzalny","volume":"22 4","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}