{"title":"Position of the centroid of a planar convex body","authors":"Marek Lassak","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01058-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01058-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that any planar convex body <i>A</i> permits to inscribe an affine-regular hexagon <span>(H_A)</span>. We prove that the centroid of <i>A</i> belongs to the homothetic image of <span>(H_A)</span> with ratio <span>(frac{4}{21})</span> and the center in the center of <span>(H_A)</span>. This ratio cannot be decreased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 3","pages":"687 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01058-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manisha Devi, Jaspal Singh Aujla, Mohsen Kian, Mohammad Sal Moslehian
{"title":"Matrix inequalities between (f(A)sigma f(B)) and (Asigma B)","authors":"Manisha Devi, Jaspal Singh Aujla, Mohsen Kian, Mohammad Sal Moslehian","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01059-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01059-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> be <span>(ntimes n)</span> positive definite complex matrices, let <span>(sigma )</span> be a matrix mean, and let <span>(f: [0,infty )rightarrow [0,infty ))</span> be a differentiable convex function with <span>(f(0)=0)</span>. We prove that </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} f^{prime }(0)(A sigma B)le frac{f(m)}{m}(Asigma B)le f(A)sigma f(B)le frac{f(M)}{M}(Asigma B)le f^{prime }(M)(Asigma B), end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <i>m</i> represents the smallest eigenvalues of <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> and <i>M</i> represents the largest eigenvalues of <i>A</i> and <i>B</i>. If <i>f</i> is differentiable and concave, then the reverse inequalities hold. We use our result to improve some known subadditivity inequalities involving unitarily invariant norms under certain mild conditions. In particular, if <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>)/<i>x</i> is increasing, then </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} |||f(A)+f(B)|||le frac{f(M)}{M} |||A+B|||le |||f(A+B)||| end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>holds for all <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> with <span>(Mle A+B)</span>. Furthermore, we apply our results to explore some related inequalities. As an application, we present a generalization of Minkowski’s determinant inequality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"99 2","pages":"539 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Pedro Gaivão, Michel Laurent, Arnaldo Nogueira
{"title":"Rotation number of 2-interval piecewise affine maps","authors":"José Pedro Gaivão, Michel Laurent, Arnaldo Nogueira","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01064-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01064-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study maps of the unit interval whose graph is made up of two increasing segments and which are injective in an extended sense. Such maps <span>(f_{varvec{p}})</span> are parametrized by a quintuple <span>(varvec{p})</span> of real numbers satisfying inequations. Viewing <span>(f_{varvec{p}})</span> as a circle map, we show that it has a rotation number <span>(rho (f_{varvec{p}}))</span> and we compute <span>(rho (f_{varvec{p}}))</span> as a function of <span>(varvec{p})</span> in terms of Hecke–Mahler series. As a corollary, we prove that <span>(rho (f_{varvec{p}}))</span> is a rational number when the components of <span>(varvec{p})</span> are algebraic numbers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"99 2","pages":"511 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01064-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Curves that allow the motion of a regular polygon","authors":"David Rochera","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01054-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01054-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper characterizes curves where a regular polygon of either a variable side length or a constant side length is allowed to rotate during <i>k</i> full revolutions while having its vertices on the curve during the motion. A constructive method to generate these curves is given based on the curve described by the polygon centers (centroids) during the motion and some examples are shown. Moreover, if the regular polygon divides the curve perimeter into parts of equal length, it is proved that the curve is either a rotational symmetric curve in the case of a variable side length or a circle otherwise. Finally, in the case of a regular polygon of constant side length rotating along a curve, a simple relation between the algebraic areas of such a curve and the curve of polygon centers is revisited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"99 2","pages":"377 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01054-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A characterization of the Euclidean ball via antipodal points","authors":"Xuguang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01055-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01055-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arising from an equilibrium state of a Fermi–Dirac particle system at the lowest temperature, a new characterization of the Euclidean ball is proved: a compact set <span>(Ksubset {{{mathbb {R}}}^n})</span> (having at least two elements) is an <i>n</i>-dimensional Euclidean ball if and only if for every pair <span>(x, yin partial K)</span> and every <span>(sigma in {{{mathbb {S}}}^{n-1}})</span>, either <span>(frac{1}{2}(x+y)+frac{1}{2}|x-y|sigma in K)</span> or <span>(frac{1}{2}(x+y)-frac{1}{2}|x-y|sigma in K)</span>. As an application, a measure version of this characterization of the Euclidean ball is also proved and thus the previous result proved for <span>(n=3)</span> on the classification of equilibrium states of a Fermi–Dirac particle system holds also true for all <span>(nge 2)</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 3","pages":"637 - 660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01055-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cosine addition and subtraction formulas on non-abelian groups","authors":"Omar Ajebbar, Elhoucien Elqorachi, Henrik Stetkær","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01052-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01052-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let <i>G</i> be a topological group, and let <i>C</i>(<i>G</i>) denote the algebra of continuous, complex valued functions on <i>G</i>. We determine the solutions <span>(f,g,h in C(G))</span> of the Levi-Civita equation </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} g(xy) = g(x)g(y) + f(x)h(y), x,y in G, end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>that extends the cosine addition law. As a corollary we obtain the solutions <span>(f,g in C(G))</span> of the cosine subtraction law <span>(g(xy^*) = g(x)g(y) + f(x)f(y))</span>, <span>(x,y in G)</span> where <span>(x mapsto x^*)</span> is a continuous involution of <i>G</i>. That <span>(x mapsto x^*)</span> is an involution, means that <span>((xy)^* = y^*x^*)</span> and <span>(x^{**} = x)</span> for all <span>(x,y in G)</span>.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 6","pages":"1657 - 1676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01052-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On some classes of multiplicative functions","authors":"Pentti Haukkanen","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01053-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01053-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An arithmetical function <i>f</i> is multiplicative if <span>(f(1)=1)</span> and <span>(f(mn)=f(m)f(n))</span> whenever <i>m</i> and <i>n</i> are coprime. We study connections between certain subclasses of multiplicative functions, such as strongly multiplicative functions, over-multiplicative functions and totients. It appears, among others, that the over-multiplicative functions are exactly same as the totients and the strongly multiplicative functions are exactly same as the so-called level totients. All these functions satisfy nice arithmetical identities which are recursive in character.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"99 2","pages":"531 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01053-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A note on the Radiant formula and its relations to the sliced Wasserstein distance","authors":"Gennaro Auricchio","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01049-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01049-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this note, we show that the squared Wasserstein distance can be expressed as the average over the sphere of one dimensional Wasserstein distances. We name this new expression for the Wasserstein Distance <i>Radiant Formula</i>. Using this formula, we are able to highlight new connections between the Wasserstein distances and the Sliced Wasserstein distance, an alternative Wasserstein-like distance that is cheaper to compute.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 5","pages":"1317 - 1332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01049-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global centers of a family of cubic systems","authors":"Raul Felipe Appis, Jaume Llibre","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01051-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01051-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consider the family of polynomial differential systems of degree 3, or simply cubic systems </p><div><div><span>$$ x' = y, quad y' = -x + a_1 x^2 + a_2 xy + a_3 y^2 + a_4 x^3 + a_5 x^2 y + a_6 xy^2 + a_7 y^3, $$</span></div></div><p>in the plane <span>(mathbb {R}^2)</span>. An equilibrium point <span>((x_0,y_0))</span> of a planar differential system is a <i>center</i> if there is a neighborhood <span>(mathcal {U})</span> of <span>((x_0,y_0))</span> such that <span>(mathcal {U} backslash {(x_0,y_0)})</span> is filled with periodic orbits. When <span>(mathbb {R}^2setminus {(x_0,y_0)})</span> is filled with periodic orbits, then the center is a <i>global center</i>. For this family of cubic systems Lloyd and Pearson characterized in Lloyd and Pearson (Comput Math Appl 60:2797–2805, 2010) when the origin of coordinates is a center. We classify which of these centers are global centers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 5","pages":"1373 - 1389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00010-024-01051-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On iterative roots of injective functions","authors":"Bojan Bašić, Stefan Hačko","doi":"10.1007/s00010-024-01047-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00010-024-01047-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1951 Łojasiewicz found a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a <i>q</i>-iterative root of an arbitrary bijective function <i>g</i> for any <span>(qge 2)</span>. In this article we extend this result to the injective case. More precisely, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an iterative root of an injective function is proved, and in the case of existence, the characterization and enumeration of all iterative roots are given. Furthermore, we devise a construction by which all iterative roots of an injective function can be constructed (provided that the considered function has at least one iterative root). As an illustration, we apply the developed theory to several results from the literature to obtain somewhat more elegant and shorter proofs of those results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55611,"journal":{"name":"Aequationes Mathematicae","volume":"98 3","pages":"697 - 726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}