Gene Expression Patterns最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of GDF9 and CDKN1B expression in Tibetan sheep testes during different stages of maturity","authors":"Huihui Wang ,&nbsp;Xia Wang ,&nbsp;Taotao Li ,&nbsp;Xuejiao An ,&nbsp;De'en Yin ,&nbsp;Nana Chen ,&nbsp;Youji Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Normal spermatogenesis<span> is heavily dependent on the balance of germ cell proliferation<span>, differentiation and apoptosis. Growth differentiation factor 9 (</span></span></span><em>GDF9)</em> and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 B (<em>CDKN1B</em><span>) are strongly associated with cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phase and hence regulating the growth and development<span> of testicular germ cells and somatic cells. The current study was aimed at seeking out scientific evidence to determine if </span></span><em>GDF9</em> and <em>CDKN1B</em> gene expression functions in the development of Tibetan sheep testes. To this end, developmental testes were derived from three-month-old (pre-puberty), one-year-old (sexual maturity), and three-year-old (adult) Tibetan sheep and then the expression and localization patterns of <em>GDF9</em> and <em>CDKN1B</em><span> in these testes were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that </span><em>GDF9</em> and <em>CDKN1B</em> were detected in the testes throughout the different developmental stages. The abundance of <em>GDF9</em> mRNA and protein in the testes of one- and three-year-old Tibetan sheep were higher than that in the testes of three-month-old Tibetan sheep; the mRNA and protein abundance of the <em>CDKN1B</em><span><span> gene in three-month-old Tibetan sheep testes were higher than that in the testes of the one-and three-year-old sheep. Moreover, immunofluorescence results suggested that the GDF9 protein was expressed in spermatogonia and </span>Leydig cells, and that the CDKN1B protein was localized mainly in Leydig cells with some in the seminiferous epithelium throughout developmental stages. This indicated a novel role of the </span><em>GDF9</em> and <em>CDKN1B</em> genes in Leydig cell development over and above their known roles in germ cell development. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of <em>GDF9</em> and <em>CDKN1B</em> genes in Tibetan sheep spermatogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39928862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An enhancer trap zebrafish line for lateral line development and regulation of six2b expression","authors":"Chunxin Fan ,&nbsp;Yajing Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Yuan ,&nbsp;Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Zebrafish lateral line system which is derived from </span>neurogenic placodes<span> has become a popular model for developmental biology since its formation involves cell migration, pattern formation, organogenesis<span><span>, and hair cell regeneration. </span>Transgenic<span> lines play a crucial role in lateral line system study. Here, we identified an enhancer trap<span> transgenic zebrafish line </span></span></span></span></span><em>Et(gata2a:EGFP)189b</em><span> (ET189b for short), which expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the pituitary, otic, and lateral line placodes and their derivatives. Especially, in neuromast, the accessory cells rather than hair cells were labeled by EGFP</span><em>.</em><span> Furthermore, we found the Tol2 transposon construct is integrated at the proximal upstream region of </span><em>six2b</em><span> gene locus. And EGFP expression of ET189b closely reflects the expression of endogenous </span><em>six2b</em> during development and after <em>dkk1b</em> over-expression. Taken together, our results indicated that ET189b is an ideal line for research on lateral line development and regulation of <em>six2b</em> expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39907253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutually exclusive expression of sex-specific and non-sex-specific fruitless gene products in the Drosophila central nervous system","authors":"Kosei Sato,&nbsp;Daisuke Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>fruitless</em> gene of <em>Drosophila</em> produces multiple protein isoforms, which are classified into two major classes, sex-specific Fru proteins (FruM) and non-sex specific proteins (FruCOM). Whereas FruM proteins are expressed in ∼2000 neurons to masculinize their structure and function, little is known about FruCOM's roles. As an attempt to obtain clues to the roles of FruCOM, we compared expression patterns of FruCOM and FruM in the central nervous system at the late larval stage. We found that nearly all neuroblasts express FruCOM but not FruM, whereas a subset of ganglion mother cells and differentiated neurons express FruM but not FruCOM. It is inferred that FruCOM proteins support fundamental stem cell functions, contrasting to FruM proteins, which play major roles in sex-specific differentiation of neurons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567133X22000023/pdfft?md5=f46aba4245209e007e5bf4271967a018&pid=1-s2.0-S1567133X22000023-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic expression patterns of TBC1D10 subfamily genes in zebrafish","authors":"Shuna Sun ,&nbsp;Ziyin Liu ,&nbsp;Qiu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunzeng Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>TBC1D10 subfamily has three members TBC1D10A-C, with the physiological and pathological functions such as melanosome transport, exosome secretion, and T-cell activation. However, the gene expression patterns and functions of this subfamily during </span>embryonic development remain mysterious. In this study, we took advantage of zebrafish model to elucidate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of </span><em>TBC1D10</em> subfamily genes including <em>tbc1d10aa</em>, <em>tbc1d10ab</em>, <em>tbc1d10b</em>, and <em>tbc1d10c</em>. Whole-mount <em>in situ</em> hybridization results showed robust <em>tbc1d10aa</em> expression and faint <em>tbc1d10b</em> expression as maternal transcripts except <em>tbc1d10ab</em> and <em>tbc1d10c</em><span>. In addition to pectoral fins, otic vesicles<span>, and pharyngeal arch tissues, varying degrees of expression of all four subfamily members were observed in brain tissues and eyes (retinal inner nuclear layer). Besides, </span></span><em>tbc1d10ab</em><span> exhibited unique and enriched expression in the developing liver. Despite genetic conservativeness, all four members of zebrafish </span><em>TBC1D10</em> subfamily shared several similarities and exhibited some distinctions in the expression patterns, indicating that they might have different and exclusive functions to be further explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39677079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of the early stage ifnlr1-mutant zebrafish indicates the immune response to auditory dysfunction","authors":"Wei-Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-Wei Qiu ,&nbsp;Sha-Sha Huang ,&nbsp;Guo-Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-Yu Han ,&nbsp;Dong-Yang Kang ,&nbsp;Yong-Yi Yuan ,&nbsp;Xue Gao ,&nbsp;Pu Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>IFNLR1</em> has been recently identified to be related to autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (ADNSHL). It is reported to be expressed in the inner ear of mice and the lateral line of zebrafish. However, it remains unclear how defects in this gene lead to hearing loss.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To elucidate the global gene expression changes in zebrafish when the expression of <em>ifnlr1</em> is downregulated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Transcriptome analysis was performed on <em>ifnlr1</em> morpholino knockdown zebrafish and the control zebrafish using RNA-seq technology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that 262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated while 146 DEGs were down-regulated in the E4I4–Mo zebrafish larvae compared to the control-Mo. Six pathways were significantly enriched, including steroid biosynthesis pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, p53 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Among them, three pathways (steroid biosynthesis pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and p53 signaling pathway) are immune-associated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The transcriptome analysis results contribute to the groundwork for future research on the pathogenesis of <em>IFNLR1</em>-associated hearing loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567133X21000648/pdfft?md5=806c4499c311fe96d02dc44d6c77631a&pid=1-s2.0-S1567133X21000648-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39650643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidate positive targets of LHX6 and LHX8 transcription factors in the developing upper jaw","authors":"Jeffry Cesario,&nbsp;Sara Ha,&nbsp;Julie Kim,&nbsp;Niam Kataria,&nbsp;Juhee Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Craniofacial development is controlled by a large number of genes, which interact with one another to form a complex </span>gene regulatory network<span><span> (GRN). Key components of GRN are signaling molecules and transcription factors. Therefore, identifying targets of core transcription factors is an important part of the overall efforts toward building a comprehensive and accurate model of GRN. LHX6 and LHX8 are transcription factors expressed in the oral mesenchyme of the first </span>pharyngeal arch<span><span> (PA1), and they are crucial regulators of palate and tooth development. Previously, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling and chromatin </span>immunoprecipitation to identify target genes of LHX6 and LHX8 in PA1, and described a set of genes repressed by </span></span></span>LHX<span>. However, there has not been any discussion of the genes positively regulated by LHX6 and LHX8. In this paper, we revisited the above datasets to identify candidate positive targets of LHX in PA1. Focusing on those with known connections to craniofacial development, we performed RNA<span> in situ hybridization to confirm the changes in expression in </span></span></span><em>Lhx6;Lhx8</em> mutant. We also confirmed the binding of LHX6 to several putative enhancers near the candidate target genes. Together, we have uncovered novel connections between <em>Lhx</em> and other important regulators of craniofacial development, including <em>Eya1, Barx1, Rspo2, Rspo3</em>, and <em>Wnt11</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 119227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9373785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal expression of PORCN is highly dynamic in the developing mouse cochlea","authors":"Brianna L. Oliver ,&nbsp;Caryl A. Young ,&nbsp;Vidhya Munnamalai","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The mammalian organ of Corti is a highly specialized sensory organ of the cochlea with a fine-grained pattern that is essential for auditory function. The sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti consists of a single row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells that are intercalated by support cells in a mosaic pattern. Previous studies show that the </span>Wnt pathway<span> regulates proliferation, promotes medial compartment formation in the cochlea, differentiation of the mechanosensory hair cells and axon guidance of Type II </span></span>afferent neurons<span>. WNT ligand expressions are highly dynamic throughout development but are insufficient to explain the roles of the Wnt pathway. We address a potential way for how WNTs specify the medial compartment by characterizing the expression of Porcupine (PORCN), an O-acyltransferase that is required for WNT secretion. We show PORCN expression across embryonic ages (E)12.5 - E14.5, E16.5, and postnatal day (P)1. Our results showed enriched PORCN in the medial domains during early stages of development, indicating that WNTs have a stronger influence on patterning of the medial compartment. PORCN was rapidly downregulated after E14.5, following the onset of sensory cell differentiation; residual expression remained in some hair cells and supporting cells. On E14.5 and E16.5, we also examined the spatial expression of </span></span><em>Gsk3β,</em> an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling to determine its potential role in radial patterning of the cochlea. <em>Gsk3β</em> was broadly expressed across the radial axis of the epithelium; therefore, unlikely to control WNT-mediated medial specification. In conclusion, the spatial expression of PORCN enriches WNT secretion from the medial domains of the cochlea to influence the specification of cell fates in the medial sensory domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 119214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39436304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and expression pattern of ZB and PS transposons in zebrafish","authors":"Yali Wang,&nbsp;Dan Shen,&nbsp;Numan Ullah,&nbsp;Mohamed Diaby,&nbsp;Bo Gao,&nbsp;Chengyi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Despite comprising much of the genome, transposons<span> were once thought of as junk. However, transposons play many roles in the eukaryotic genome, such as providing new proteins as domesticated genes, expressing during germline-soma differentiation, function in DNA rearrangement in the offspring, and so on. We sought to describe the distribution and structural organization of the two autonomous transposons (</span></span><em>ZB</em> and <em>PS)</em> in the zebrafish genome and examine their expression patterns in embryos and adult tissues. The intact copy of <em>ZB</em> and <em>PS</em><span> was queried by BLAST on NCBI and ENSEMBL using default parameters. Of the copies with coverage and identity, more than 90 % were downloaded to do structural analysis. Spatial and temporal expression patterns were detected by qRT-PCR and Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). There are 19 intact copies of </span><em>ZB</em><span><span>, encoding 341 amino acid residues with DD34E </span>catalytic domain<span> and flanked by 201bp TIRs, and seven intact </span></span><em>PS</em> copies, containing 425 amino acid residues with DD35D catalytic domain flanked by 28bp TIRs, were detected in the genome of zebrafish respectively. Analysis of genomic insertions indicated that both <em>ZB</em> and <em>PS</em><span> transposons are prone to be retained in the intron and intergenic regions of the zebrafish genome. The sense and antisense transcripts of </span><em>ZB</em> and <em>PS</em><span> were detected during embryonic development stages and exhibited similar expression patterns. The difference is that the sense strand transcript of </span><em>ZB</em><span><span> was explicitly expressed in midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and otic vesicle (OV), and </span>pharyngeal arches and pharyngeal pouches (PA&amp;PP) at 48 hpf. In adult zebrafish, the expressions of </span><em>ZB</em> and <em>PS</em> in muscle and brain are much higher than in other tissues. Our study results indicate that <em>ZB</em> and <em>PS</em><span> transposons may be involved in the embryonic development and regulation of somatic cells of certain adult tissues, such as the brain and muscle.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 119203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gep.2021.119203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal expression of sonic hedgehog signalling molecules in the embryonic mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons","authors":"Manal T. Hussein ,&nbsp;Abdelraheim Attaai ,&nbsp;Gamal Kamel ,&nbsp;Doaa M. Mokhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDA) play an important role in controlling the voluntary motor movement, reward, and emotion-based </span>behaviour<span>. Differentiation of mDA neurons from progenitors depends on several secreted proteins, such as sonic hedgehog (SHH). The present study attempted to elucidate the possible role(s) of some SHH signaling<span> components (Ptch1, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) in the spatiotemporal development of mDA neurons along the rostrocaudal axis of the midbrain and their possible roles in differentiation and survival of mDA neurons and the significance of using in vitro models for studying the development of mDA neurons. At E12 and E14, only Ptch1 and Gli1 were expressed in ventrolateral midbrain domains. All examined SHH signalling molecules were not detected in mDA area. Whereas, in MN9D cells, many SHH signalling molecules were expressed and co-localized with the dopaminergic marker; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and their expression were upregulated with SHH treatment of the MN9D cells. These results suggest that mDA neurons differentiation and survival might be independent of SHH in the late developmental stages (E12-18). Besides, MN9D cell line is not the ideal in vitro model for investigating the differentiation of mDA and hence, the ventral midbrain primary culture might be favored over MN9D line.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 119217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39882709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galloway-Mowat syndrome: New insights from bioinformatics and expression during Xenopus embryogenesis","authors":"Ernestine Treimer ,&nbsp;Kathrin Niedermayer ,&nbsp;Sven Schumann ,&nbsp;Martin Zenker ,&nbsp;Michael J. Schmeisser ,&nbsp;Susanne J. Kühl","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2021.119215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare developmental disease. Patients suffer from congenital brain anomalies combined with renal abnormalities often resulting in an early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.</p><p><span>The etiology of GAMOS has a heterogeneous genetic contribution. Mutations in more than 10 different genes have been reported in GAMOS patients. Among these are mutations in four genes encoding members of the human KEOPS (</span><u>k</u>inase, <u>e</u>ndopeptidase and <u>o</u>ther <u>p</u>roteins of small <u>s</u>ize) complex, including <em>OSGEP</em>, <em>TP5</em>3RK, <span><em>TPRKB</em></span> and <em>LAGE3</em>. Until now, these components have been functionally mainly investigated in <em>bacteria</em>, <em>eukarya</em> and <span><em>archaea</em></span><span> and in humans in the context of the discovery of its role in GAMOS, but the KEOPS complex members’ expression and function during embryogenesis in vertebrates is still unknown.</span></p><p>In this study, <em>in silico</em><span> analysis showed that both gene localization and the protein sequences of the three core KEOPS complex members Osgep, Tp53rk and Tprkb are highly conserved across different species including </span><span><em>Xenopus</em><em> laevis</em></span>. In addition, we examined the spatio-temporal expression pattern of <em>osgep</em>, <em>tp53rk</em> and <em>tprkb</em> using RT-PCR and whole mount <em>in situ</em> hybridization approaches during early <em>Xenopus</em> development. We observed that all three genes were expressed during early embryogenesis and enriched in tissues and organs affected in GAMOS. More precisely, KEOPS complex genes are expressed in the pronephros, but also in neural tissue such as the developing brain, eye and cranial cartilage.</p><p>These findings suggest that the KEOPS complex plays an important role during vertebrate embryonic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 119215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39518457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}