Gene Expression Patterns最新文献

{"title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of foxl2 in the sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus)","authors":"Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Bing-Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Wei-Yi Su ,&nbsp;Ya-Qing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sea urchin (</span><em>Mesocentrotus nudus</em><span>) is an important economically mariculture species in several Asian countries, and gonads are the sole edible parts for people. In addition to commercial value, it is an excellent model for studying gonadal development, sex determination and sex differentiation. Identify sex-related genes is an effective way to reveal the molecular mechanism of gonadal development. In the present study, the </span><em>foxl2</em> homologous gene was identified in <em>M. nudus. Foxl2</em> is not a maternal factor, and is detected for the first time in two-arm stages. Additionally, the expression of <em>foxl2</em> in the testis is higher than in the ovaries at the same developmental stages. The <em>foxl2</em> transcripts were specifically enriched in the cytoplasm of germ cellsboth in the ovary and testis, but their proteins were more concentrated in the area near the oocyte nucleus. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the dynamic and sexually dimorphic expression pattern of <em>foxl2</em><span> and provide a useful germ cell marker during gametogenesis in sea urchin.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic mapping of the metzincin landscape in human trophoblasts","authors":"Jasmin Wächter ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Shannon ,&nbsp;Alexander G. Beristain","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The metzincin family of metalloproteases<span><span><span> coordinates tissue developmental processes through regulation of growth factor availability, receptor signaling, and cell-cell/cell-matrix adhesion. While roles for select metzincins in controlling trophoblast functions in human placental development have been described, a comprehensive understanding of metzincin dynamics during trophoblast differentiation is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, single cell </span>transcriptomic<span> datasets derived from first trimester<span> chorionic villi and decidua were used to decipher metzincin expression profiles and kinetics in diverse cell types within the utero-placental interface. Further, specific protease-substrate interactions within progenitor trophoblasts were examined to better define the progenitor niche. Within the uterine-placental compartment, 43 metzincin proteases were expressed across 15 cell-type clusters. Metzincin subgroups expressed in placental trophoblasts, placental mesenchymal cells, uterine stromal, and </span></span></span>immune cells<span> included multiple matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), a disintegrin and metalloproteases with </span></span></span>thrombospondin<span> repeats (ADAMTSs), pappalysins, and astacins<span><span>. Within the trophoblast compartment, eight distinct trophoblasts states were identified: four cytotrophoblast (CTB), one </span>syncytiotrophoblast precursor (SCTp), two column CTB (cCTB), and one extravillous trophoblast (EVT). Within these states 7 MMP, 8 ADAM, 4 ADAMTS, 2 pappalysin, and 3 astacin proteases were expressed. Cell trajectory modeling shows that expression of most (19/24) metzincins increase during EVT differentiation, though expression of select metalloproteases increase along the villous pathway. Eleven metzincins (</span></span></span><span><em>ADAM10</em></span>, <em>-17</em>, <span><em>MMP14</em></span>, <em>-15, -19, -23B</em>, <span><em>ADAMTS1</em><em>, -6, -19, TLL-1, -2</em></span>) showed enrichment within CTB progenitors, and analysis of metzincin-substrate interactions identified ∼150 substrates and binding partners, including <em>FBN2</em> as an <em>ADAMTS6</em>-specific substrate. Together, this work characterizes the metzincin landscape in human first trimester trophoblasts and establishes insight into the roles specific proteases perform within distinct trophoblast niches and across trophoblast differentiation. This resource serves as a guide for future investigations into the roles of metzincin proteases in human placental development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10490668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kurdish Handwritten character recognition using deep learning techniques","authors":"Rebin M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tarik A. Rashid ,&nbsp;Polla Fattah ,&nbsp;Abeer Alsadoon ,&nbsp;Nebojsa Bacanin ,&nbsp;Seyedali Mirjalili ,&nbsp;S. Vimal ,&nbsp;Amit Chhabra","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Handwriting recognition is regarded as a dynamic and inspiring topic in the exploration of pattern recognition and image processing. It has many applications including a blind reading aid, computerized reading, and processing for paper documents, making any handwritten document searchable and converting it into structural text form. High accuracy rates have been achieved by this technology when recognizing handwriting recognition systems for English, Chinese Arabic, Persian, and many other languages. However, there is not such a system for recognizing Kurdish handwriting. In this paper, an attempt is made to design and develop a model that can recognize handwritten characters for Kurdish alphabets using deep learning techniques<strong>.</strong><span> Kurdish (Sorani) contains 34 characters and mainly employs an Arabic/Persian based script with modified alphabets. In this work, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network model is employed that has shown exemplary performance in handwriting recognition systems. Then, a comprehensive database has been created for handwritten Kurdish characters which contain more than 40 thousand images. The created database has been used for training the Deep Convolutional Neural Network model for classification and recognition tasks. In the proposed system the experimental results show an acceptable recognition level. The testing results reported an 83% accuracy rate, and training accuracy reported a 96% accuracy rate. From the experimental results, it is clear that the proposed deep learning model is performing well and comparable to the similar to other languages handwriting recognition systems.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10548594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal expression of ndst3 in early zebrafish development is responsive to Wnt signaling manipulation.","authors":"Rebecca A. Anderson, Usua Oyarbide","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4250877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4250877","url":null,"abstract":"Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are constituents of the cell surface and extracellular matrix and are vital for various activities within the cell. The N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparin glucosaminyl) family of enzymes, or NDST, modifies heparan sulfate (HS) by catalyzing both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine residues. In zebrafish, a single ndst3 gene is an orthologue of both mammalian NDST3 and NDST4 genes. The role of ndst3 in zebrafish development has not been investigated and such study may provide insight into the role(s) of both mammalian orthologues. Here, we characterized expression of ndst3 during early development in zebrafish and found it to be predominately neuronal. We found that expression of ndst3 is sensitive to Wnt signaling manipulation, with stimulation of the Wnt pathway resulting in robust expansion of ndst3 expression domains. Finally, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we mutagenized the ndst3 gene and isolated an allele, ndst3nu20, resulting in a frameshift and premature protein truncation. We discovered Ndst3 is not essential for zebrafish survival as ndst3nu20 homozygous mutants are viable and fertile.","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"291 1","pages":"119300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80185466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and expression profile of novel STAND gene Nwd2 in the mouse central nervous system","authors":"Seiya Yamada ,&nbsp;Ryutaro Furukawa ,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Sakakibara","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>In the central nervous system (CNS), neurons need synaptic neurotransmitter release and cellular response for various cellular stress or environmental stimuli. To achieve these highly orchestrated cellular processes, neurons should drive the molecular mechanisms that govern and integrate complex </span>signaling pathways. The signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) family of proteins has been shown to play essential roles in diverse signal transduction mechanisms, including apoptosis and innate immunity. However, a comprehensive understanding of STAND genes remains lacking. Previously, we identified the NACHT and </span>WD repeat<span> domain-containing protein 1 (NWD1), a member of STAND family, in the regulation of the assembly of a giant multi-enzyme complex that enables efficient </span></span><em>de novo</em><span> purine biosynthesis during brain development. Here we identified the mouse </span><em>Nwd2</em><span> gene, which is a paralog of </span><em>Nwd1</em><span>. A molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that </span><em>Nwd1</em> emerged during the early evolution of the animal kingdom, and that <em>Nwd2</em> diverged in the process of <em>Nwd1</em> duplication. RT-PCR and <em>in situ</em> hybridization analyses revealed the unique expression profile of <em>Nwd2</em><span> in the developing and adult CNS. Unlike </span><em>Nwd1</em>, <em>Nwd2</em><span> expression was primarily confined to neurons in the medial habenular nucleus, an essential modulating center for diverse psychological states, such as fear, anxiety, and drug addiction. In the adult brain, </span><em>Nwd2</em><span><span> expression, albeit at a lower level, was also observed in some neuronal populations in the piriform cortex<span><span>, hippocampus, and </span>substantia nigra pars compacta. NWD2 might play a unique role in the signal transduction required for specific neuronal circuits, especially for </span></span>cholinergic neurons<span> in the habenula.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression patterns and biological function of BCL2L10 during mouse preimplantation development","authors":"Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Xin ,&nbsp;Shengnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingmei Li ,&nbsp;Wenying Wang ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Ming ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Wu ,&nbsp;Xinyan Cao ,&nbsp;Wei Cui ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>BCL2-like 10 (BCL2L10) is abundantly expressed in mammalian oocytes and plays a crucial role in the completion of oocyte meiosis. However, the expression patterns of BCL2L10 and its biological functions during preimplantation development have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal expressions of </span><em>Bcl2l10</em><span> during mouse preimplantation development using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence and its biological function using siRNA<span> and morpholino injection into pronuclear embryos. Results from RT-qPCR showed that </span></span><em>Bcl2l10</em><span> was highly expressed in the metaphase Ⅱ-stage oocytes and pronuclear-stage embryos, but expression markedly decreased from the two-cell stage onwards and was no longer detected at the four-cell stage and beyond. Immunofluorescence staining showed that BCL2L10 was detectable throughout preimplantation development and localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Knocking down </span><em>Bcl2l10</em><span> resulted in a reduced blastocyst formation rate (</span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and decreased expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX17 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). We concluded that the role of BCL2L10 is strongly associated with developmental competence of preimplantation mouse embryos.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and localization of NRF2/Keap1 signalling pathway genes in mouse preimplantation embryos exposed to free fatty acids","authors":"Grace Dionne ,&nbsp;Michele Calder ,&nbsp;Dean H. Betts ,&nbsp;Basim Abu Rafea ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Obese women experience greater incidence of infertility, with reproductive tracts exposing preimplantation embryos to elevated free fatty acids (FFA) such as palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA). PA treatment impairs mouse preimplantation development <em>in vitro</em>, while OA co-treatment rescues blastocyst development of PA treated embryos. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PA and OA treatment on NRF2/Keap1 localization, and relative antioxidant enzyme (Glutathione peroxidase; <em>Gpx1</em>, Catalase; <em>Cat</em>, Superoxide dismutase; <em>Sod1</em> and γ-Glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic unit; <em>Gclc</em>) mRNA levels, during <em>in vitro</em> mouse preimplantation embryo development. Female mice were superovulated, mated, and embryos cultured in the presence of bovine Serum albumin (BSA) control or PA, or OA, alone (each at 100 μM) or PA + OA combined (each at 100 μM) treatment. NRF2 displayed nuclear localization at all developmental stages, whereas Keap1 primarily displayed cytoplasmic localization throughout control mouse preimplantation development <em>in vitro</em>. Relative transcript levels of <em>Nrf2</em>, <em>Keap1</em>, and downstream antioxidants significantly increased throughout control mouse preimplantation development <em>in vitro</em>. PA treatment significantly decreased blastocyst development and the levels of nuclear NRF2, while OA and PA + OA treatments did not. PA and OA treatments did not impact relative mRNA levels of <em>Nrf2</em>, <em>Keap1</em>, <em>Gpx1</em>, <em>Cat</em>, <em>Sod1</em> or <em>Gclc</em>. Our outcomes demonstrate that cultured mouse embryos display nuclear NRF2, but that PA treatment reduces nuclear NRF2 and thus likely impacts NRF2/KEAP1 stress response mechanisms. Further studies should investigate whether free fatty acid effects on NRF2/KEAP1 contribute to the reduced fertility displayed by obese patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567133X22000515/pdfft?md5=fdc61a446d182e8200f13a7032917441&pid=1-s2.0-S1567133X22000515-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10842700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foxl2a and Foxl2b are involved in midbrain-hindbrain boundary development in zebrafish","authors":"Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan-Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Rui-Hai Gan ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian-Fang Gui ,&nbsp;Li Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Foxl2 plays conserved central function in ovarian differentiation and maintenance in several fish species. However, its expression pattern and function in fish embryogenesis are still largely unknown. In this study, we first presented a sequential expression pattern of zebrafish </span><em>foxl2a</em> and <em>foxl2b</em><span> during embryo development. They were predominantly expressed in the cranial paraxial mesoderm<span><span> (CPM) and cranial venous vasculature (CVV) during </span>somitogenesis<span> and subsequently expressed in the pharyngeal arches after 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). Then, we compared the brain structures among zebrafish wildtype (WT) and three homozygous </span></span></span><em>foxl2</em> mutants (<em>foxl2a</em>^−/−, <em>foxl2b</em>^−/− and <em>foxl2a</em>^−/−;<em>foxl2b</em>^−/−<span>) and found the reduction of the fourth ventricle in the three </span><em>foxl2</em> mutants, especially in <em>foxl2a</em>^−/−;<em>foxl2b</em>^−/−<span> mutant. Finally, we detected several key transcription factors involved in the gene regulatory network of midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) patterning, such as </span><em>wnt1</em>, <em>en1b</em> and <em>pax2a</em>. Their expression levels were obviously downregulated in MHB of <em>foxl2a</em>^−/− and <em>foxl2a</em>^−/−;<em>foxl2b</em>^−/−<span> mutants. Thus, we suggest that Foxl2a and Foxl2b are involved in MHB and the fourth ventricle development in zebrafish. The current study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying development of brain ventricular system.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10492288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative expression analysis of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse embryonic stem cells.","authors":"Yuda Cheng, Yang Xiao, Y. Ruan, Jiali Wang, Yanping Tian, Jia-xiang Xiong, Jiaqi Wang, Feng-Po Wang, Chen Zhang, Yixiao Xu, Lianlian Liu, Meng Yu, Jiangjun Wang, Binyu Zhao, Yue Zhang, Ran Yang, Yi Yang, Zhongxiang Yao, Rui Jian, L. Xiao, Junlei Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4102878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4102878","url":null,"abstract":"Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors play important roles in embryonic stem cell (ESC) renewal and differentiation. Four TEAD transcription factors (Tead1, Tead2, Tead3 and Tead4) and their various splice variants have been discovered in mice, but the expression pattern of them during pluripotency state transition is unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse ESCs at different pluripotent/differentiating states and adult mouse tissues. Our results preliminarily revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of TEAD family, which is helpful for understanding their overlapping and distinctive functions. Furthermore, a novel splice variant of Tead1 was identified and named Tead1 isoform 4.","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"13 1","pages":"119302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86764561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression analysis of irisin during different development stages of skeletal muscle in mice","authors":"Yi Yan ,&nbsp;Ding Yang ,&nbsp;Pei Wen ,&nbsp;Yilei Li ,&nbsp;Yufang Ge ,&nbsp;Pei Ma ,&nbsp;Jiahui Yuan ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomao Luo ,&nbsp;Xiuju Yu ,&nbsp;Haidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gep.2022.119287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As a newly discovered muscle factor secreted by skeletal muscle cells, irisin<span><span> is a polypeptide fragment formed from </span>hydrolysis<span><span> of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin can promote beigeing of </span>white adipose tissue<span><span><span> (WAT) and regulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the functions of irisin in skeletal muscle development remain largely unknown. In order to characterize the expression of irisin, this study investigated the expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 in </span>myoblasts and skeletal muscles during different developmental stages of </span>SPF mice.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence assay results showed that FNDC5 was expressed in all the developmental stages of myoblasts and gastrocnemius, but its expression differed at different stages. FNDC5 protein exhibited the highest expression in gastrocnemius of sexually mature mice, followed by elderly mice and adolescent mice, and it displayed the lowest expression in pups. Additionally, FNDC5 protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm, and it had the highest expression in primary myoblasts, followed by the myotubes with the lowest expression in </span>C2C12 myogenic cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, FNDC5 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and extracellular matrix with different expression levels at different developmental stages of skeletal muscle cells and tissues in mice. This study will provide new strategies for promoting skeletal muscle development and treating muscle- and metabolism-related disease by using irisin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55598,"journal":{"name":"Gene Expression Patterns","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 119287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}