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A Vision for Thermally Integrated Photonics Systems 热集成光子学系统展望
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-11-20 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2364431
R. Enright, S. Lei, K. Nolan, I. Mathews, A. Shen, G. Levaufre, R. Frizzell, G. Duan, D. Hernon
{"title":"A Vision for Thermally Integrated Photonics Systems","authors":"R. Enright, S. Lei, K. Nolan, I. Mathews, A. Shen, G. Levaufre, R. Frizzell, G. Duan, D. Hernon","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2364431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2364431","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal management has traditionally been relegated to the last step in the design process. However, with the exponential growth in data traffic leading to ever-greater levels of component integration and ever-higher levels of energy consumption, thermal management is rapidly becoming one of the most critical areas of research within the ICT industry. Given the vast use of optics for efficient transmission of high-speed data, this paper focuses on a new thermal solution for cooling the components within pluggable optical modules. Thermally Integrated Photonics Systems (TIPS) represents a new vision for the thermal building blocks required to enable exponential traffic growth in the global telecommunications network. In the TIPS program, existing thermal solutions cannot scale to meet the needs of exponential growth in data traffic. The main barriers to enabling further growth were identified and a research roadmap was developed around a scalable and efficient integrated thermal solution. In particular, the effects of replacing inefficient materials and large macroTECs with better thermal spreaders and μTECs are investidated. In addition, new forms of μChannel cooling into the package to more efficiently remove the heat generated by the lasers and the TECs are being studied which can lead to future photonic devices that can be deployed in a vastly more dense and integrated manner to address the requirements of future telecommunication networks.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2364431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67384758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Spatial Multiplexing in Fiber Optics: The 10X Scaling of Metro/Core Capacities 光纤中的空间复用：城域/核心容量的10倍扩展
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-09-18 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2347431
Peter J. Winzer
{"title":"Spatial Multiplexing in Fiber Optics: The 10X Scaling of Metro/Core Capacities","authors":"Peter J. Winzer","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2347431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2347431","url":null,"abstract":"Optical networks have economically enabled an unabated exponential traffic growth over the past decades, with commercial wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems carrying over 20 Tb/s of traffic per fiber, closely approaching the nonlinear Shannon limit. Looking at all physical dimensions available for further capacity scaling, it becomes clear that tapping into the spatial dimension is the only long-term scalable solution to overcome the looming optical network capacity crunch. As such, space-division multiplexing (SDM) is bound to become an important optical networking technology over the next decade. Integration of SDM components will be key in reducing cost, footprint, and energy consumption, while integration-induced crosstalk may be compensated through the use of digital signal processing similar to that of vectoring used in digital subscriber lines (DSL) or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques used in long-term evolution (LTE) wireless systems.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2347431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50320563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 111
The Past, Present, and Future of Mobile Communications 移动通信的过去、现在和未来
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-08-27 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491
Harish Viswanathan;Marcus Weldon
{"title":"The Past, Present, and Future of Mobile Communications","authors":"Harish Viswanathan;Marcus Weldon","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile communications have evolved through countless innovations that have resulted in massively improved performance and significantly lower cost with each technology generation. Beginning with the firm theoretical foundations for communications laid by Claude Shannon in 1948, successive improvements in cellular technology have been achieved through a combination of advances in communication theory, computing power, and analog radio frequency (RF) circuit electronics. In this paper, we chart the course of successive generations of mobile technology highlighting some of the key innovations resulting in the major performance improvements that have been achieved over the years. We begin with a high-level discussion of the key technology generations starting with the analog cellular systems deployed in the 1980s through to the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) system being deployed today. We highlight the 11 major technical advances that have led to the most significant improvements in cellular technology and then present a view of the future wireless evolution to the beginning of the 5G era.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"8-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50413690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
The Past, Present, and Future of Mobile Communications 移动通信的过去、现在和未来
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-08-27 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491
H. Viswanathan, M. Weldon
{"title":"The Past, Present, and Future of Mobile Communications","authors":"H. Viswanathan, M. Weldon","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile communications have evolved through countless innovations that have resulted in massively improved performance and significantly lower cost with each technology generation. Beginning with the firm theoretical foundations for communications laid by Claude Shannon in 1948, successive improvements in cellular technology have been achieved through a combination of advances in communication theory, computing power, and analog radio frequency (RF) circuit electronics. In this paper, we chart the course of successive generations of mobile technology highlighting some of the key innovations resulting in the major performance improvements that have been achieved over the years. We begin with a high-level discussion of the key technology generations starting with the analog cellular systems deployed in the 1980s through to the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) system being deployed today. We highlight the 11 major technical advances that have led to the most significant improvements in cellular technology and then present a view of the future wireless evolution to the beginning of the 5G era.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"8-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2335491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
50th Anniversary Special Feature: The Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background 50周年特刊:宇宙微波背景的发现
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-07-30 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195
C. C. Bahr, M. Weldon, R. Wilson
{"title":"50th Anniversary Special Feature: The Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background","authors":"C. C. Bahr, M. Weldon, R. Wilson","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of this communications technology explosion, we look back 50 years to a discovery that provided important insights into an explosion of another sort: the Big Bang. We show that this seminal discovery was the result of investigations into solving a practical problem (radio communications) and it has connections to a multitude of other subsequent innovations and discoveries. As a result, this legacy continues to inspire innovators to come together to invent technologies and methods that push the boundaries of information and communications technology and that will transform the way humans and machines connect and collaborate.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
50th Anniversary Special Feature: The Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background 50周年特辑：宇宙微波背景的发现
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-07-30 DOI: 10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195
Charles Bahr;Marcus Weldon;Robert W. Wilson
{"title":"50th Anniversary Special Feature: The Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background","authors":"Charles Bahr;Marcus Weldon;Robert W. Wilson","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of this communications technology explosion, we look back 50 years to a discovery that provided important insights into an explosion of another sort: the Big Bang. We show that this seminal discovery was the result of investigations into solving a practical problem (radio communications) and it has connections to a multitude of other subsequent innovations and discoveries. As a result, this legacy continues to inspire innovators to come together to invent technologies and methods that push the boundaries of information and communications technology and that will transform the way humans and machines connect and collaborate.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"19 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2014.2330195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50413689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enterprise social networking data analytics within Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent内部的企业社交网络数据分析
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21648
Brian D. Friedman;Michael J. Burns;Jin Cao
{"title":"Enterprise social networking data analytics within Alcatel-Lucent","authors":"Brian D. Friedman;Michael J. Burns;Jin Cao","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21648","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, enterprise social networking (ESN) has gained a foothold in many companies. While there are numerous similarities between enterprise and public online social networks such as Facebook or Twitter, there are also important differences, many of which are driven by the inherent organizational structure of an enterprise, that make ESNs an important area to study in their own right. This paper describes the ESN applications that have been used within Alcatel-Lucent over the past several years, focusing on the most recent. We discuss the tools and methodologies utilized to gain access to Alcatel-Lucent's ESN usage data and to perform various types of analyses and visualizations of that data. We provide some statistics about ESN usage within the company and give insights into some of the questions that ESN tools can help to answer, such as the degree to which ESN applications break down geographic and/or organizational boundaries. Our analyses show that employees in the middle levels of the company hierarchy tend to use ESN the most, and that there is a considerable amount of inter-country communication occurring. ® 2014 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"89-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50424327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Joint sequence complexity analysis: Application to social networks information flow 联合序列复杂性分析：在社交网络信息流中的应用
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21647
Dimitrios Milioris;Philippe Jacquet
{"title":"Joint sequence complexity analysis: Application to social networks information flow","authors":"Dimitrios Milioris;Philippe Jacquet","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21647","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study joint sequence complexity and its applications for finding similarities between sequences up to the discrimination of sources. The mathematical concept of the complexity of a sequence is defined as the number of distinct subsequences of it. Sequences containing many common parts have a higher joint complexity. The analysis of a sequence in subcomponents is done by suffix trees, which is a simple, fast, and low complexity method to store and recall them from the memory, especially for short sequences. Joint complexity is used for evaluating the similarity between sequences generated by different Markov sources. Markov models well describe the generation of natural text, and their performance can be predicted via linear algebra, combinatorics, and asymptotic analysis. We exploit datasets from different natural languages, for both short and long sequences, with very promising results. The goal is to perform automated online sequence analysis on information streams, e.g., on social networks such as Twitter. ® 2014 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Towards the optimization of a parallel streaming engine for telco applications 面向电信应用程序的并行流媒体引擎的优化
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21652
Bart Theeten;Ivan Bedini;Peter Cogan;Alessandra Sala;Tommaso Cucinotta
{"title":"Towards the optimization of a parallel streaming engine for telco applications","authors":"Bart Theeten;Ivan Bedini;Peter Cogan;Alessandra Sala;Tommaso Cucinotta","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21652","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel and distributed computing is becoming essential to process in real time the increasingly massive volume of data collected by telecommunications companies. Existing computational paradigms such as MapReduce (and its popular open-source implementation Hadoop) provide a scalable, fault tolerant mechanism for large scale batch computations. However, many applications in the telco ecosystem require a real time, incremental streaming approach to process data in real time and enable proactive care. Storm is a scalable, fault tolerant framework for the analysis of real time streaming data. In this paper we provide a motivation for the use of real time streaming analytics in the telco ecosystem. We perform an experimental investigation into the performance of Storm, focusing in particular on the impact of parameter configuration. This investigation reveals that optimal parameter choice is highly non-trivial and we use this as motivation to create a parameter configuration engine. As first steps towards the creation of this engine we provide a deep analysis of the inner workings of Storm and provide a set of models describing data flow cost, central processing unit (CPU) cost, and system management cost.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50424325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Demand forecasting in smart grids 智能电网中的需求预测
Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21650
Piotr Mirowski;Sining Chen;Tin Kam Ho;Chun-Nam Yu
{"title":"Demand forecasting in smart grids","authors":"Piotr Mirowski;Sining Chen;Tin Kam Ho;Chun-Nam Yu","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21650","url":null,"abstract":"Data analytics in smart grids can be leveraged to channel the data downpour from individual meters into knowledge valuable to electric power utilities and end-consumers. Short-term load forecasting (STLF) can address issues vital to a utility but it has traditionally been done mostly at system (city or country) level. In this case study, we exploit rich, multi-year, and high-frequency annotated data collected via a metering infrastructure to perform STLF on aggregates of power meters in a mid-sized city. For smart meter aggregates complemented with geo-specific weather data, we benchmark several state-of-the-art forecasting algorithms, including kernel methods for nonlinear regression, seasonal and temperature-adjusted auto-regressive models, exponential smoothing and state-space models. We show how STLF accuracy improves at larger meter aggregation (at feeder, substation, and system-wide level). We provide an overview of our algorithms for load prediction and discuss system performance issues that impact real time STLF. ® 2014 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"135-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50350684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
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