Bell Labs Technical Journal最新文献_第10页

LTE/LTE-A Signal Compression on the CPRI Interface CPRI接口的LTE/LTE- a信号压缩

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21608

Bin Guo, Wei Cao, An Tao, Dragan Samardzija

{"title":"LTE/LTE-A Signal Compression on the CPRI Interface","authors":"Bin Guo, Wei Cao, An Tao, Dragan Samardzija","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21608","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21608","url":null,"abstract":"The Centralized, Cooperative, Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a next-generation wireless access network architecture based on centralized processing, collaborative radio, and real time cloud infrastructure. In this architecture, different access technologies (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA)/Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA)/Long Term Evolution (LTE)) can be supported on the same hardware platform in a baseband pool system, which can largely reduce system costs. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), which are based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies, are regarded as the main wireless access technologies in the evolution from 3G to 4G. A variety of novel technologies such as multi-antenna MIMO, carrier aggregation (CA), and coordinated multipoint have been introduced in LTE/LTE-A to improve system performance, especially in the C-RAN architecture. However, one of the technical challenges for the C-RAN architecture is the fiber bandwidth required for data transmission between the remote radio unit (RRU) and the baseband unit (BBU). We propose using a low-latency baseband signal compression algorithm to solve this problem by reducing the fiber data rate. Using the characteristics of the LTE signal data, we remove the redundancy in the spectral domain. We also leverage block scaling in conjunction with using a linear or nonlinear (non-uniform) quantizer to minimize quantization error. This algorithm effectively reduces the amount of data transmitted between the BBU and RRU, and facilitates the deployment of LTE in the C-RAN architecture. We verified the robustness of the algorithm via simulations and lab tests. The proposed algorithm yields good system performance at a 1/2 compression rate and at a 1/3 compression rate in a practical propagation environment. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 102

Securing Spectrum Through the ITU to Fuel the Growth of Next-Generation Wireless Technologies 通过国际电联保护频谱，推动下一代无线技术的发展

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21607

Jean-Pierre Bonin, Cengiz Evci, Amy L. Sanders

引用次数: 3

Enhanced In-Building Fingerprint Positioning Using Femtocell Networks 利用Femtocell网络增强建筑物内指纹定位

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21613

Mariano Molina-García, Jaime Calle-Sánchez, José I. Alonso, Alfonso Fernández-Durán, Félix Barba Barba

{"title":"Enhanced In-Building Fingerprint Positioning Using Femtocell Networks","authors":"Mariano Molina-García, Jaime Calle-Sánchez, José I. Alonso, Alfonso Fernández-Durán, Félix Barba Barba","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21613","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21613","url":null,"abstract":"The volume of traffic generated in indoor environments is increasing exponentially, and emerging femtocell networks are being deployed to meet associated challenges. These specific in-building deployments provide an opportunity for improving the performance of indoor positioning systems. Femtocell networks can be used to support accurate and reliable location services based on received- power and fingerprint location techniques. In fingerprint positioning methods, calibration and recalibration procedures are extremely time-consuming tasks. To address this problem, we developed a novel scenario-dependent procedure that reduced calibration points. We also analyzed several indoor propagation models, evaluating their suitability to reduce the effort required for calibration as well as their applicability for the recalibration procedures necessary to update previously recorded fingerprints. Our procedure includes both a simulation and a measurement phase, and obtains important improvements in accuracy, precision, and reliability while reducing the time and effort associated with both calibration and recalibration procedures. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Recent Alcatel-Lucent Patents 最近的阿尔卡特朗讯专利

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21616

引用次数: 0

Mobile Video Optimization at the Base Station: Adaptive Guaranteed Bit Rate for HTTP Adaptive Streaming 基站移动视频优化:HTTP自适应流的自适应保证比特率

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21611

Harish Viswanathan, Danny De Vleeschauwer, Andre Beck, Steven Benno, Raymond B. Miller, Gang Li, Mark M. Clougherty, David C. Robinson

{"title":"Mobile Video Optimization at the Base Station: Adaptive Guaranteed Bit Rate for HTTP Adaptive Streaming","authors":"Harish Viswanathan, Danny De Vleeschauwer, Andre Beck, Steven Benno, Raymond B. Miller, Gang Li, Mark M. Clougherty, David C. Robinson","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21611","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21611","url":null,"abstract":"Video is expected to be the dominant application by traffic volume over mobile networks in the near future. Mobile network operators are deploying video optimization techniques to enhance the user experience and network utilization for video delivery. Video optimization is typically “out-of-network” and includes techniques such as transcoding, transrating, time shifting and pacing that are implemented outside of mobile radio access and core networks. However, such techniques cannot easily exploit information about real time cell congestion and radio conditions for the video terminals because it is difficult to obtain such information from the radio access network. We propose a novel “in-network” video optimization technique, named Adaptive Guaranteed Bit Rate (AGBR), for HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) video. This optimization technique is implemented at the base station and can thus exploit knowledge of the radio and congestion conditions. With only limited knowledge of the video stream properties or content, AGBR works by adjusting the throughput delivered to the different HAS clients that in turn adjust the video quality they request. The optimization algorithm maximizes aggregate quality across multiple video flows served by the base station without starving data clients, thereby improving the overall quality of experience. We demonstrate through extensive analytical modeling and simulations that AGBR can adapt to changing network conditions to support more video sessions at an acceptable quality than alternative algorithms, while enforcing fairness among all users competing for resources within a sector. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"159-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Making Smart Use of Excess Antennas: Massive MIMO, Small Cells, and TDD 智能利用多余天线：大规模MIMO、小型蜂窝和TDD

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21602

Jakob Hoydis, Kianoush Hosseini, Stephan ten Brink, Mérouane Debbah

{"title":"Making Smart Use of Excess Antennas: Massive MIMO, Small Cells, and TDD","authors":"Jakob Hoydis, Kianoush Hosseini, Stephan ten Brink, Mérouane Debbah","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21602","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21602","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a vision beyond the conventional Long Term Evolution Fourth Generation (LTE-4G) evolution path and suggest that time division duplexing (TDD) could be a key enabler for a new heterogeneous network architecture with the potential to provide ubiquitous coverage and unprecedented spectral area efficiencies. This architecture is based on a co-channel deployment of macro base stations (BSs) with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells (SCs) with a few antennas each. Both tiers employ a TDD protocol in a synchronized fashion. The resulting channel reciprocity enables not only the estimation of large-dimensional channels at the BSs, but also an implicit coordination between both tiers without the need to exchange user data or channel state information (CSI) over the backhaul. In particular, during the uplink (UL), the BSs and SCs can locally estimate the dominant interference sub-space. This knowledge can be leveraged for downlink (DL) precoding to reduce intra- and inter-tier interference. In other words, the BSs and SCs “sacrifice” some of their degrees of freedom for interference rejection. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture and precoding scheme can achieve a very attractive rate region compared to several baseline scenarios. For example, with 100 antennas at each BS and four antennas at each SC, we observe an aggregate area throughput of 7.63 Gb/s/km2 (DL) and 8.93 Gb/s/km2 (UL) on a 20 MHz band shared by about 100 mobile devices. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 206

Network-Centric Cooperation Schemes for Uplink Interference Management in Cellular Networks 蜂窝网络中用于上行链路干扰管理的以网络为中心的协作方案

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21603

Krishna Balachandran, Joseph H. Kang, Kemal M. Karakayali, Kiran M. Rege

{"title":"Network-Centric Cooperation Schemes for Uplink Interference Management in Cellular Networks","authors":"Krishna Balachandran, Joseph H. Kang, Kemal M. Karakayali, Kiran M. Rege","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21603","url":null,"abstract":"The huge growth in demand for wireless data, combined with shortages of spectrum, has led to an urgent need for spectral efficiency and cell-edge performance improvements in cellular networks. Macrocells are shrinking in size, and heterogeneous networks are being deployed where small cells and macrocells now share the same spectrum. With these trends in cellular network evolution, out-of-sector interference is becoming a major impediment. Impairments due to interference are especially severe on the uplink, where near-far effects are more likely to be experienced. This paper provides a holistic view of the network-centric cooperation schemes that have emerged as strong candidates for uplink interference management in evolving cellular networks (e.g., networks based on 3GPP Long Term Evolution based air-interface technologies and beyond). In particular, we introduce three novel approaches: 1) network multiple input multiple output (MIMO), which carries out joint multi-antenna signal processing across sectors; 2) network interference cancellation engine (NICE) which opportunistically cancels dominant interferers that have already been decoded at neighboring sectors and decreases backhaul overhead by one to two orders of magnitude; and 3) a hybrid approach which combines the strengths of both network MIMO and NICE in an attempt to achieve further spectral efficiency without incurring huge backhaul overhead. Several considerations of both theoretical and practical significance (overhead, latency) related to these approaches are discussed, and simpler variants that may apply in the context of heterogeneous networks are also considered. Quantitative investigations of these network-centric cooperation schemes in realistic operating environments show that substantial improvement may be achieved in average and cell-edge spectral efficiency. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"23-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

3D Beamforming: Performance Improvement for Cellular Networks 3D波束成形：蜂窝网络的性能改进

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21604

Hardy Halbauer, Stephan Saur, Johannes Koppenborg, Cornelis Hoek

{"title":"3D Beamforming: Performance Improvement for Cellular Networks","authors":"Hardy Halbauer, Stephan Saur, Johannes Koppenborg, Cornelis Hoek","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21604","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21604","url":null,"abstract":"The beam pattern of a mobile communication base station has significant impact on the performance of a cellular network. Three-dimensional (3D) beamforming combines the horizontal beam pattern adaptation, as applied for beamforming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes, with a vertical antenna pattern adaptation. The recent availability of new flexible antenna techniques enables a fully dynamic antenna pattern adaptation which can be specified per resource block and user equipment (UE), and makes 3D beamforming practically feasible. This paper describes the basic principles of 3D beamforming, including the impact of downtilt adaptation on the physical layer as well as the potential of its combination with beam coordination involving the media access control (MAC) layer. Our investigations assumed the vertical main lobe of the beam pattern was geometrically pointed towards the UE. We discuss a number of different realization options and simulation results including a Bell Labs field trial with vertical beam steering. Using wireless systems with state of the art Long Term Evolution (LTE) signal format and including the lightRadio™ antenna array, our trials in the Stuttgart testbed verified the basic predicted properties and potential advantages of 3D beamforming. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 78

High Performance Payload Conversion Method 高性能载荷转换方法

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21609

Frank Li, Alan Tang

{"title":"High Performance Payload Conversion Method","authors":"Frank Li, Alan Tang","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21609","url":null,"abstract":"Virtualization technology is becoming more and more popular, and when applicable, telecom equipment is being migrated to virtualized platforms. While virtualization technology provides many benefits, it also presents significant challenges. For example, the special hardware used for audio payload conversion can no longer be used. In legacy telecom equipment, the user plane, which processes voice over Internet Protocol (IP), was designed to use special hardware such as field programmable gate array/complex programmable logic devices (FPGA/CPLD) for optimum performance. However, in virtualized platforms the only choice is a general-purpose processor and therefore software-based payload conversion algorithms have to be used accordingly. This introduces a major performance issue in that a software-only solution is needed to reach the performance levels already possible with legacy equipment, and the prospect of reaching this goal using a software-based algorithm is a very challenging task. This letter describes our work to use a virtualized machine to replace the CPLD board used to convert the VoIP payload packets from the Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) to the Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit over IP (TRAUP) protocol and vice versa. We also describe a conversion method that we developed to improve performance. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-Generation Microwave Packet Radio: Characteristics and Evolution Areas to Support New Scenarios in Wireless Backhauling 下一代微波分组无线电:支持无线回程新场景的特性和发展领域

Bell Labs Technical Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bltj.21610

Gianluca Boiocchi, Paolo Di Prisco, Ahmed Lahrech, Pierre Lopez, Maurizio Moretto, Paolo Volpato

{"title":"Next-Generation Microwave Packet Radio: Characteristics and Evolution Areas to Support New Scenarios in Wireless Backhauling","authors":"Gianluca Boiocchi, Paolo Di Prisco, Ahmed Lahrech, Pierre Lopez, Maurizio Moretto, Paolo Volpato","doi":"10.1002/bltj.21610","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bltj.21610","url":null,"abstract":"The current generation of packet microwave was introduced to support the transport of Evolved High Speed Packet Access/Long Term Evolution (HSPA+ LTE) services in an all packet-based backhaul network. LTE Advanced (LTE-A) moves backhaul requirements even further, demanding more capacity and better performance. The scope of this paper is to discuss the main evolution areas of the next generation of packet microwave radios to support such new requirements. Discussion will touch on radio frequency (RF) capabilities necessary to increase radio capacity (e.g., high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), frequency reuse techniques, line-of-sight multiple input multiple output (LOS-MIMO)), improve energy efficiency (new RF technologies, smart metering methods), and decrease the form factor through mechanical arrangement. Packet functionalities of a packet microwave leverage RF capabilities, and provide a decisive step in supporting 10 Gb/s capacity and an increase in availability. A key role is played by the radio link aggregation group (LAG), coupled with the exploitation of adaptive modulation, to provide methods suitable for maximizing capacity and availability, and decreasing the overall solution cost. © 2013 Alcatel-Lucent.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":"143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bltj.21610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51437334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5