Bell Labs Technical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Copyright page","authors":"Eileen M. Kammerer, Rebecca Nadolny","doi":"10.1109/PDP.2006.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PDP.2006.2","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright © 2013 by Alcatel-Lucent. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, except as permitted under section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or authorization through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: 978-750-8400; Fax 978-646-8600. The copyright notice appearing at the bottom of the fi rst page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright holder’s consent that copies may be made for the personal or internal use of specifi c clients, on the condition that the copier pay for copying beyond that permitted by law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating collected works, or for resale. Such permission requests and other permission inquiries should be addressed to the Permissions Dept., c/o John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774; Tel: 201-748-6011; Fax: 201-748-6008; http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/PDP.2006.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of Augmented Intelligence","authors":"Sean Kennedy;Chris White","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2020.3015275","DOIUrl":"10.15325/BLTJ.2020.3015275","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, humankind has distinguished itself by its application of intelligence to solve critical problems and overcome innate limitations. Though one often thinks of intelligence as an individual trait such as high IQ or education level, the story of intelligence is equally about the development of collective cognitive capabilities and enhancers that enable the advancement of society. These capabilities, such as verbal and written language, calendars, physics and the internet, provide a distinct evolutionary advantage leading to disruptive step changes in both individual and societal intelligence. This article articulates the evolution of capabilities like these throughout human history and shows how historical patterns foretell future trends that serve to direct current research aimed at augmenting human intelligence.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67384658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future edge clouds","authors":"Volker Hilt;Kevin Sparks","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2865971","DOIUrl":"10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2865971","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread deployment of centralized clouds has changed the way internet services are developed, deployed and operated. Centralized clouds have substantially extended the market opportunities for online services, enabled new entities to create and operate internet-scale services, and changed the way traditional companies run their operations. However, there are types of services that are unsuitable for today's centralized clouds such as highly interactive virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications, high-resolution gaming, virtualized RAN, mass IoT data processing and industrial robot control. They can be broadly categorized as either latency-sensitive network functions, latency-sensitive applications, and/or high-bandwidth services. What these basic functions have in common is the need for a more distributed cloud infrastructure—an infrastructure we call edge clouds. In this paper, we examine the evolution of clouds, and edge clouds especially, and look at the developing market for edge clouds and what developments are required in networking, hardware and software to support them.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2865971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The network OS: Carrier-grade SDN control of multi-domain, multi-layer networks","authors":"Marina Thottan;Catello Di Martino;Young-Jin Kim;Gary Atkinson;Nakjung Choi;Nishok Mohanasamy;Lalita Jagadeesan;Veena Mendiratta;Jesse E. Simsarian;Bartek Kozicki","doi":"10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2856598","DOIUrl":"10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2856598","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by the growth of cloud and virtualization technologies, telecom services are under pressure to become increasingly dynamic. Cloud services can be instantiated in a matter of minutes on computing platforms, which can rapidly schedule and allocate virtualized physical resources. A similar flexibility to adapt to dynamic service requests remains a challenge with network resources. Recently, centralized controllers have been deployed in data center networks to adapt network connectivity to computational needs. However, due to the complexity and variety of carrier networking technologies, carrier networks have been slow to move towards centralized control. More recently, carriers are evolving to address network complexity by pushing for the disaggregation of network elements and the introduction of equipment with more control flexibility. Carriers require a new control paradigm to benefit from this new flexibility, which extends far beyond today's OpenFlow network controllers. \u0000<p>The lack of a global network controller with a consistent network view slows down the development and deployment of the more dynamic network services required by extensive cloud technologies. To address the scaling requirements of the carrier environment, the envisioned network controller would be implemented as a distributed system. In this article, we describe a global network controller designed to function as a network operating system with multi-domain, multi-layer capabilities that will transform carrier-grade telecom services. We define the requirements for a carrier-grade network operating system (OS) and describe a prototype system (NetUNIX) that can control heterogeneous networks at large scale and ensure high service reliability. We highlight the advantages of the NetUNIX platform in the context of other open source platforms and illustrate the use of the NetUNIX platform with two use cases: a metro-distributed data center and 5G next-generation fronthaul.</p>","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15325/BLTJ.2018.2856598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43000268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Flow management among PV, BESS and Grid for EV Charging","authors":"Menaka Karki, Dol Raj Kunwar, B. Sharma, Sunil Paudel, Tanka Nath Ojha","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27708","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicles (EVs) are the cleanest means of transportation compared to the conventional vehicles. Unlike conventional vehicles, EVs do not depend on petroleum products and thus use of electric vehicle is going to dominate the transportation sector soon. The battery electric vehicles need charging stations for their battery to charge. The proposed topology focuses on power flow management for charging of EV loads. it proposes electric vehicle charging system in which vehicle owners are allowed to park their vehicle in the charging station and EVs are charged up to their desired SOC level. The proposed system promotes penetration of RES to a larger extent which minimizes the kwh cost of grid energy consumption, and hence generating significant economical revenue of the charging station. In this paper, charging station is modeled with PV, battery and grid, and power management strategies are proposed among them. Regulation of load sharing and prevention of mismatch between circulating currents supplied by power sources is implemented using fixed droop method. The trend of power demand by EVs in the charging station is estimated and matching between demand and supply is implemented. Energy storage system is used in order to support continuous power availability in the station. The simulations are successfully implemented to validate the effectiveness of the system and to demonstrate the load management system by the uncoordinated method of charging. The overall system is implemented by algorithm run in MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis and Recognition of Speech using Recurrent Neural Network","authors":"Bishon Lamichanne, K. Hari","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27596","url":null,"abstract":"Speech is one of the most natural ways to communicate between people. It plays an important role in our daily lives. To make machines able to talk with people is a challenging but very useful task. A crucial step is to enable machines to recognize and understand what people are saying. Hence, speech recognition becomes a key technique providing an interface for communication between machines and humans. There has been a long research history on speech recognition. Neural network is known as a technique that has ability to classify nonlinear problem. Today, lots of research are going in the field of speech recognition with the help of the Neural Network. Even though positive results have been obtained from continuous study, research on minimizing the error rate is still gaining lots attention. The English language offers a number of challenges for speech recognition. This paper implements the RNN to analyze and recognize speech from the set of spoken words.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83361848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into mechanical properties to use recycled Polypropylene/Talc composites for car bumper application","authors":"Sulove Timsina","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27592","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s modern dynamic world, automobile industry has seen many revolutions and developments over couple of decades to improve the performance and efficiency. One of the major revolutions was to replace metallic components to high performance polymer composites to reduce total weight of automobiles. As a result we can find more than 50% use of polymer composite and other high performance materials in automobiles like passenger car. In addition to this, the present development is towards making low cost models in cars to make it available to middle class families. Many OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are working for different cost cars for same model to sell across the globe based on the economic status of the countries. Also, unlike metals, which are easily recoverable and recyclable, plastic waste increase forces the government to legislate for the limitation of such waste by introducing the concept of recycling. As a result manufacturers are looking for use of virgin polymer (Polypropylene) along with some percentage of recycled one to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. \u0000The present recycling world uses used materials; reprocess them so that they can be used for further applications. This recycling business emphasizes on quantity rather on quality, so mechanical properties actually changes when product made out of Polypropylene are being recycled. The thing is to see how the mechanical strength changes when Polypropylene is recycled and what are the variations in mechanical properties when unused Polypropylene (PP) is mixed with some percentage of Recycled Polypropylene (RPP) along with some percentage of Impact Modifier and Filler material.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88656371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Approach for Sarcasm Detection","authors":"S. Luintel, R. K. Sah, B. Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27581","url":null,"abstract":"There is an excessive growth in user generated textual data due to increment in internet and social media users which includes enormous amount of sarcastic words, emoji, sentences. Sarcasm is a nuanced form of communication where individual states opposite of what is implied which is done in order to insult someone, to show irritation, or to be funny. Sarcasm is considered as one of the most difficult problems in sentiment analysis due to its ambiguous nature. Recognizing sarcasm in the texts can promote many sentiment analysis and text summarization applications. So for addressing the problem of sarcasm many steps have been adopted for sarcasm detection. Different preprocessing techniques such as Hypertext markup language removal, stop words removal, etc. have been done. Similarly, conversion of the emoji and smileys into their textual equivalent has been performed. Most frequent features has been selected and a hybrid cascade and hybrid weighted average approaches which are the combinations of the algorithms random forest, naïve Bayes and support vector machine have been used for sarcasm detection. The comparison of these two approaches on different basis has been done which has shown cascade outperformed weighted approach. Moreover, comparison of cascade approaches in terms of the algorithm placement has also been performed in which random forest has proved to be the best.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90394883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Water Quality Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Gis and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"KC A., A. Chalise, D. Parajuli, N. Dhital, S. Shrestha, T. Kandel","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27709","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of surface water quality occurs due to the presence of various types of pollutants from human activities such as agriculture, industry, construction, deforestation, etc. Thus, the presence of various pollutants in water bodies can lead to deterioration of both surface water quality and aquatic life. Conventional surface water quality assessment methods are widely performed using laboratory analysis, which are labour intensive, costly, and time consuming. Moreover, these methods can only provide individual concentration of surface water quality parameters (SWQPs), measured at monitoring stations and shown in a discrete point format, which are difficult for decision-makers to understand without providing the overall patterns of surface water quality. To such problem, Remote Sensing has been a blessing because of its low cost, spatial continuity and temporal consistency. The relationship between SWQPs and satellite data is complex to be modelled accurately by using regression-based methods. Therefore, our study attempts to develop an artificial intelligence modelling method for mapping concentrations of both optical and non-optical SWQPs. \u0000This study aims to develop techniques for estimating the concentration of both optical and non-optical SWQPs from Satellite Imagery (Landsat8) which supports coastal studies and mapping the complex relationship between satellite multi-spectral signature and concentration of SWQPs. It will also focus on classifying the most significant SWQPs that contribute to both spatial and temporal surface water quality. In contrast to traditionally performed surface water quality assessment methods, this research project will be focused on identifying such parameters incorporating the new and evolving machine intelligence that is Artificial Intelligence (AI). Significant number of samples have to be collected along with the GPS data which is used to model the relationship. In this context, a remote-sensing framework based on the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) will be developed to quantify concentrations of different SWQPs from the Landsat8 satellite imagery. The study area chosen for this research is Bijayapur River of distance approximately 10 km flowing above, through and down the Pokhara city. The sole purpose of this research is to examine the water quality before it flows through the city and analysing after it passes through the city.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"33 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78236875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study and Analysis of Pounding Effect between Adjacent RC Buildings","authors":"A. D. Bhatt, G. Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/tj.v1i1.27710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27710","url":null,"abstract":"Pounding occurs when the adjacent buildings start vibration out of phase during the seismic activity which causes the collision between the adjacent structures. Due to higher cost of land in cities people have tendency to attach the buildings at property line. Earthquakes can cause pounding when adjacent buildings have little gap or no gap providing separation. Due to pounding effect structural and non – structural damage may occur in the adjacent buildings. \u0000The main objective of this research is to assess the seismic response of common residential RC buildings that has been constructed with no gap with the adjacent structures and to find the minimum gap requirement for the commonly constructed buildings of Nepal. \u0000For this study two different cases with varying separation distance between adjacent buildings have been considered. First case is the adjacent buildings having equal storey height but different number of stories. It includes models having 4 and 2 stories and 4 and 3 stories. Second case is the adjacent buildings having unequal storey height but same number of stories. It includes models having 3 and 3 stories and 4 and 4 stories. In both cases adjacent buildings have same material & sectional properties. Non-linear dynamic analysis is performed using El-centro earthquake data as ground motion. Gap element has been used to simulate the pounding force between buildings. Adjacent buildings having different overall height are modelled in SAP 2000 v 15 using gap element for pounding study. The seismic responses in terms of joint displacement, joint acceleration, pounding force are presented. Joint displacement and joint acceleration comparison for both pounding and no pounding cases are presented. \u0000Gap calculation from NBC and IS code, ABS and SRSS method was compared with gap required to avoid pounding force between adjacent structures and appropriate gap was recommended.","PeriodicalId":55592,"journal":{"name":"Bell Labs Technical Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}