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Kuhnian Lessons for the Study of Open-Ended Evolution. 库恩对开放式进化研究的启示。
IF 1.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00428
Mark A Bedau
{"title":"Kuhnian Lessons for the Study of Open-Ended Evolution.","authors":"Mark A Bedau","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00428","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kuhnian philosophy of science implies that progress in the study of open-ended evolution (OEE) would be accelerated if the OEE science community were to agree on some examples of striking success in OEE science. This article recounts the important role of scientific paradigms and scientific exemplars in creating the productivity of what Kuhn, in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, calls \"normal\" science, and it describes how the study of OEE today would benefit from exhibiting more of the hallmarks of normal science. The article concludes by describing five proposed projects that would help create a consensus in the OEE community on some good examples of the scientific study of OEE.</p>","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":" ","pages":"337-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Open-Endedness in Genelife 基因生命的开放性
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00426
Norman H. Packard, John S. McCaskill
{"title":"Open-Endedness in Genelife","authors":"Norman H. Packard, John S. McCaskill","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00426","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the open-ended nature of evolution in Genelife, an evolutionary extension of Conway’s Game of Life cellular automaton in which “live” cell states are endowed at birth with a genome that affects their local dynamics and can be inherited. Both genetic sequences and locally connected spatial patterns are analyzed for novelty, keeping track of all new structures, and innovation is quantified using activity statistics. The impacts of both spatial symmetry breaking with nontotalistic rules and superimposed density regulation of the live state proliferation on the open-ended nature of the evolution are explored. Conditions are found where both genetic and spatial patterns exhibit open-ended innovation. This innovation appears to fall short of functional biological innovation, however, and potential reasons for this are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Procedure for Testing for Tokyo Type 1 Open-Ended Evolution 测试东京 1 型开放式演化的程序
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00430
Alastair Channon
{"title":"A Procedure for Testing for Tokyo Type 1 Open-Ended Evolution","authors":"Alastair Channon","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00430","url":null,"abstract":"Tokyo Type 1 open-ended evolution (OEE) is a category of OEE that includes systems exhibiting the ongoing generation of adaptive novelty and ongoing growth in complexity. It can be considered as a necessary foundation for Tokyo Type 2 OEE (ongoing evolution of evolvability) and Tokyo Type 3 OEE (ongoing generation of major transitions). This article brings together five methods of analysis to form a procedure for testing for Tokyo Type 1 OEE. The procedure is presented as simply as possible, isolated from the complexities of any particular evolutionary system, and with a clear rationale for each step. In developing these steps, we also identify five key challenges in OEE. The last of these (achieving a higher order of complexity growth within a system exhibiting indefinitely scalable complexity) can be considered a grand challenge for Tokyo Type 1 OEE. Promising approaches to this grand challenge include also achieving one or both of Tokyo Types 2 and 3 OEE; this can be seen as one answer to why these other types of OEE are important, providing a unified view of OEE.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Domain-Independent Lifelong Problem Solving Through Distributed ALife Actors 通过分布式生命行动者解决领域无关的终身问题。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00418
Babak Hodjat;Hormoz Shahrzad;Risto Miikkulainen
{"title":"Domain-Independent Lifelong Problem Solving Through Distributed ALife Actors","authors":"Babak Hodjat;Hormoz Shahrzad;Risto Miikkulainen","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00418","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00418","url":null,"abstract":"A domain-independent problem-solving system based on principles of Artificial Life is introduced. In this system, DIAS, the input and output dimensions of the domain are laid out in a spatial medium. A population of actors, each seeing only part of this medium, solves problems collectively in it. The process is independent of the domain and can be implemented through different kinds of actors. Through a set of experiments on various problem domains, DIAS is shown able to solve problems with different dimensionality and complexity, to require no hyperparameter tuning for new problems, and to exhibit lifelong learning, that is, to adapt rapidly to run-time changes in the problem domain, and to do it better than a standard, noncollective approach. DIAS therefore demonstrates a role for ALife in building scalable, general, and adaptive problem-solving systems.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"259-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulating the Effect of Environmental Change on Evolving Populations 模拟环境变化对演化种群的影响
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00429
John A. Bullinaria
{"title":"Simulating the Effect of Environmental Change on Evolving Populations","authors":"John A. Bullinaria","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00429","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00429","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses evolutionary simulations to explore the strategies that emerge to enable populations to cope with random environmental changes in situations where lifetime learning approaches are not available to accommodate them. In particular, it investigates how the average magnitude of change per unit time and the persistence of the changes (and hence the resulting autocorrelation of the environmental time series) affect the change tolerances, population diversities, and extinction timescales that emerge. Although it is the change persistence (often discussed in terms of environmental noise color) that has received most attention in the recent literature, other factors, particularly the average change magnitude, interact with this and can be more important drivers of the adaptive strategies that emerge. Moreover, when running simulations, the choice of change representation and normalization can also affect the outcomes. Detailed simulations are presented that are designed to explore all these issues. They also reveal significant dependences on the associated mutation rates and the extent to which they can evolve, and they clarify how evolution often leads populations into strategies with higher risks of extinction. Overall, this study shows how modeling the effect of environmental change requires more care than may have previously been realized.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"147-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Word From the Editors 编辑的话
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_e_00441
Alan Dorin;Susan Stepney
{"title":"A Word From the Editors","authors":"Alan Dorin;Susan Stepney","doi":"10.1162/artl_e_00441","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_e_00441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"143-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction to the 2022 Conference on Artificial Life Special Issue 2022 年人工生命大会特刊编辑导言。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_e_00439
Silvia Holler;Barbora Hudcová;Richard Löffler;Stuart Bartlett
{"title":"Editorial Introduction to the 2022 Conference on Artificial Life Special Issue","authors":"Silvia Holler;Barbora Hudcová;Richard Löffler;Stuart Bartlett","doi":"10.1162/artl_e_00439","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_e_00439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"144-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Life as It Could Be: Do We Have Moral Obligations to Artificial Life? 可能存在的生命伦理：我们对人造生命负有道德义务吗？
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00436
Olaf Witkowski;Eric Schwitzgebel
{"title":"The Ethics of Life as It Could Be: Do We Have Moral Obligations to Artificial Life?","authors":"Olaf Witkowski;Eric Schwitzgebel","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00436","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00436","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Artificial Life studies the nature of the living state by modeling and synthesizing living systems. Such systems, under certain conditions, may come to deserve moral consideration similar to that given to nonhuman vertebrates or even human beings. The fact that these systems are nonhuman and evolve in a potentially radically different substrate should not be seen as an insurmountable obstacle to their potentially having rights, if they are sufficiently sophisticated in other respects. Nor should the fact that they owe their existence to us be seen as reducing their status as targets of moral concern. On the contrary, creators of Artificial Life may have special obligations to their creations, resembling those of an owner to their pet or a parent to their child. For a field that aims to create artificial life-forms with increasing levels of sophistication, it is crucial to consider the possible ethical implications of our activities, with an eye toward assessing potential moral obligations for which we should be prepared. If Artificial Life is larger than life, then the ethics of artificial beings should be larger than human ethics.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"193-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Active Inference With Empathy Mechanism for Socially Behaved Artificial Agents in Diverse Situations 基于共情机制的人工智能在不同情境下的主动推理
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00416
Tadayuki Matsumura;Kanako Esaki;Shao Yang;Chihiro Yoshimura;Hiroyuki Mizuno
{"title":"Active Inference With Empathy Mechanism for Socially Behaved Artificial Agents in Diverse Situations","authors":"Tadayuki Matsumura;Kanako Esaki;Shao Yang;Chihiro Yoshimura;Hiroyuki Mizuno","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00416","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00416","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a method for an artificial agent to behave in a social manner. Although defining proper social behavior is difficult because it differs from situation to situation, the agent following the proposed method adaptively behaves appropriately in each situation by empathizing with the surrounding others. The proposed method is achieved by incorporating empathy into active inference. We evaluated the proposed method regarding control of autonomous mobile robots in diverse situations. From the evaluation results, an agent controlled by the proposed method could behave more adaptively socially than an agent controlled by the standard active inference in the diverse situations. In the case of two agents, the agent controlled with the proposed method behaved in a social way that reduced the other agent’s travel distance by 13.7% and increased the margin between the agents by 25.8%, even though it increased the agent’s travel distance by 8.2%. Also, the agent controlled with the proposed method behaved more socially when it was surrounded by altruistic others but less socially when it was surrounded by selfish others.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"277-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pressure-Based Soft Agents 压力型软化剂。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00415
Federico Pigozzi
{"title":"Pressure-Based Soft Agents","authors":"Federico Pigozzi","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00415","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00415","url":null,"abstract":"Biological agents have bodies that are composed mostly of soft tissue. Researchers have resorted to soft bodies to investigate Artificial Life (ALife)-related questions; similarly, a new era of soft-bodied robots has just begun. Nevertheless, because of their infinite degrees of freedom, soft bodies pose unique challenges in terms of simulation, control, and optimization. Herein I propose a novel soft-bodied agents formalism, namely, pressure-based soft agents (PSAs): spring-mass membranes containing a pressurized medium. Pressure endows the agents with structure, while springs and masses simulate softness and allow the agents to assume a large gamut of shapes. PSAs actuate both locally, by changing the resting lengths of springs, and globally, by modulating global pressure. I optimize the controller of PSAs for a locomotion task on hilly terrain, an escape task from a cage, and an object manipulation task. The results suggest that PSAs are indeed effective at the tasks, especially those requiring a shape change. I envision PSAs as playing a role in modeling soft-bodied agents, such as soft robots and biological cells.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"240-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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