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A Word From the Editors 编辑的话
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_e_00441
Alan Dorin;Susan Stepney
{"title":"A Word From the Editors","authors":"Alan Dorin;Susan Stepney","doi":"10.1162/artl_e_00441","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_e_00441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"143-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial Introduction to the 2022 Conference on Artificial Life Special Issue 2022 年人工生命大会特刊编辑导言。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_e_00439
Silvia Holler;Barbora Hudcová;Richard Löffler;Stuart Bartlett
{"title":"Editorial Introduction to the 2022 Conference on Artificial Life Special Issue","authors":"Silvia Holler;Barbora Hudcová;Richard Löffler;Stuart Bartlett","doi":"10.1162/artl_e_00439","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_e_00439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"144-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ethics of Life as It Could Be: Do We Have Moral Obligations to Artificial Life? 可能存在的生命伦理：我们对人造生命负有道德义务吗？
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00436
Olaf Witkowski;Eric Schwitzgebel
{"title":"The Ethics of Life as It Could Be: Do We Have Moral Obligations to Artificial Life?","authors":"Olaf Witkowski;Eric Schwitzgebel","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00436","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00436","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Artificial Life studies the nature of the living state by modeling and synthesizing living systems. Such systems, under certain conditions, may come to deserve moral consideration similar to that given to nonhuman vertebrates or even human beings. The fact that these systems are nonhuman and evolve in a potentially radically different substrate should not be seen as an insurmountable obstacle to their potentially having rights, if they are sufficiently sophisticated in other respects. Nor should the fact that they owe their existence to us be seen as reducing their status as targets of moral concern. On the contrary, creators of Artificial Life may have special obligations to their creations, resembling those of an owner to their pet or a parent to their child. For a field that aims to create artificial life-forms with increasing levels of sophistication, it is crucial to consider the possible ethical implications of our activities, with an eye toward assessing potential moral obligations for which we should be prepared. If Artificial Life is larger than life, then the ethics of artificial beings should be larger than human ethics.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"193-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Active Inference With Empathy Mechanism for Socially Behaved Artificial Agents in Diverse Situations 基于共情机制的人工智能在不同情境下的主动推理
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00416
Tadayuki Matsumura;Kanako Esaki;Shao Yang;Chihiro Yoshimura;Hiroyuki Mizuno
{"title":"Active Inference With Empathy Mechanism for Socially Behaved Artificial Agents in Diverse Situations","authors":"Tadayuki Matsumura;Kanako Esaki;Shao Yang;Chihiro Yoshimura;Hiroyuki Mizuno","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00416","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00416","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a method for an artificial agent to behave in a social manner. Although defining proper social behavior is difficult because it differs from situation to situation, the agent following the proposed method adaptively behaves appropriately in each situation by empathizing with the surrounding others. The proposed method is achieved by incorporating empathy into active inference. We evaluated the proposed method regarding control of autonomous mobile robots in diverse situations. From the evaluation results, an agent controlled by the proposed method could behave more adaptively socially than an agent controlled by the standard active inference in the diverse situations. In the case of two agents, the agent controlled with the proposed method behaved in a social way that reduced the other agent’s travel distance by 13.7% and increased the margin between the agents by 25.8%, even though it increased the agent’s travel distance by 8.2%. Also, the agent controlled with the proposed method behaved more socially when it was surrounded by altruistic others but less socially when it was surrounded by selfish others.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"277-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10541909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pressure-Based Soft Agents 压力型软化剂。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00415
Federico Pigozzi
{"title":"Pressure-Based Soft Agents","authors":"Federico Pigozzi","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00415","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00415","url":null,"abstract":"Biological agents have bodies that are composed mostly of soft tissue. Researchers have resorted to soft bodies to investigate Artificial Life (ALife)-related questions; similarly, a new era of soft-bodied robots has just begun. Nevertheless, because of their infinite degrees of freedom, soft bodies pose unique challenges in terms of simulation, control, and optimization. Herein I propose a novel soft-bodied agents formalism, namely, pressure-based soft agents (PSAs): spring-mass membranes containing a pressurized medium. Pressure endows the agents with structure, while springs and masses simulate softness and allow the agents to assume a large gamut of shapes. PSAs actuate both locally, by changing the resting lengths of springs, and globally, by modulating global pressure. I optimize the controller of PSAs for a locomotion task on hilly terrain, an escape task from a cage, and an object manipulation task. The results suggest that PSAs are indeed effective at the tasks, especially those requiring a shape change. I envision PSAs as playing a role in modeling soft-bodied agents, such as soft robots and biological cells.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"240-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dynamics of Social Interaction Among Evolved Model Agents 进化模型主体之间的社会互动动力学。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00417
Haily Merritt;Gabriel J. Severino;Eduardo J. Izquierdo
{"title":"The Dynamics of Social Interaction Among Evolved Model Agents","authors":"Haily Merritt;Gabriel J. Severino;Eduardo J. Izquierdo","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00417","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00417","url":null,"abstract":"We offer three advances to the perceptual crossing simulation studies, which are aimed at challenging methodological individualism in the analysis of social cognition. First, we evolve and systematically test agents in rigorous conditions, identifying a set of 26 “robust circuits” with consistently high and generalizing performance. Next, we transform the sensor from discrete to continuous, facilitating a bifurcation analysis of the dynamics that shows that nonequilibrium dynamics are key to the mutual maintenance of interaction. Finally, we examine agents’ performance with partners whose neural controllers are different from their own and with decoy objects of fixed frequency and amplitude. Nonclonal performance varies and is not predicted by genotypic distance. Frequency-amplitude values that fool the focal agent do not include the agent’s own values. Altogether, our findings accentuate the importance of dynamical and nonclonal analyses for simulated sociality, emphasize the role of dialogue between artificial and human studies, and highlight the contributions of simulation studies to understanding social interactions.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"216-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Processionary Caterpillars at the Edge of Complexity 复杂性边缘的毛毛虫游行。
IF 2.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00420
Philippe Collard
{"title":"Processionary Caterpillars at the Edge of Complexity","authors":"Philippe Collard","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00420","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00420","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with individuals moving in procession in real and artificial societies. A procession is a minimal form of society in which individual behavior is to go in a given direction and the organization is structured by the knowledge of the one ahead. This simple form of grouping is common in the living world, and, among humans, procession is a very circumscribed social activity whose origins are certainly very remote. This type of organization falls under microsociology, where the focus is on the study of direct interactions between individuals within small groups. In this article, we focus on the particular case of pine tree processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). In the first part, we propose a formal definition of the concept of procession and compare field experiments conducted by entomologists with agent-based simulations to study real caterpillars’ processionaries as they are. In the second part, we explore the life of caterpillars as they could be. First, by extending the model beyond reality, we can explain why real processionary caterpillars behave as they do. Then we report on field experiments on the behavior of real caterpillars artificially forced to follow a circular procession; these experiments confirm that each caterpillar can either be the leader of the procession or follow the one in front of it. In the third part, by allowing variations in the speed of movement on an artificial circular procession, computational simulations allow us to observe the emergence of unexpected mobile spatial structures built from regular polygonal shapes where chaotic movements and well-ordered forms are intimately linked. This confirms once again that simple rules can have complex consequences.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"30 2","pages":"171-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Reproduction and Evolution in Cellular Automata: 25 Years After Evoloops 细胞自动机的自我繁殖与进化：Evoloops 25 年之后
IF 1.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00451
Hiroki Sayama;Chrystopher L. Nehaniv
{"title":"Self-Reproduction and Evolution in Cellular Automata: 25 Years After Evoloops","authors":"Hiroki Sayama;Chrystopher L. Nehaniv","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00451","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00451","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2024 marks the 25th anniversary of the publication of evoloops, an evolutionary variant of Chris Langton’s self-reproducing loops, which proved constructively that Darwinian evolution of self-reproducing organisms by variation and natural selection is possible within deterministic cellular automata. Over the last few decades, this line of Artificial Life research has since undergone several important developments. Although it experienced a relative dormancy of activity for a while, the recent rise of interest in open-ended evolution and the success of continuous cellular automata models have brought researchers’ attention back to how to make spatiotemporal patterns self-reproduce and evolve within spatially distributed computational media. This article provides a review of the relevant literature on this topic over the past 25 years and highlights the major accomplishments made so far, the challenges being faced, and promising future research directions.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"31 1","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cell–Cell Interactions: How Coupled Boolean Networks Tend to Criticality 细胞与细胞之间的相互作用：耦合布尔网络如何趋向临界。
IF 1.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00444
Michele Braccini;Paolo Baldini;Andrea Roli
{"title":"Cell–Cell Interactions: How Coupled Boolean Networks Tend to Criticality","authors":"Michele Braccini;Paolo Baldini;Andrea Roli","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00444","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00444","url":null,"abstract":"Biological cells are usually operating in conditions characterized by intercellular signaling and interaction, which are supposed to strongly influence individual cell dynamics. In this work, we study the dynamics of interacting random Boolean networks, focusing on attractor properties and response to perturbations. We observe that the properties of isolated critical Boolean networks are substantially maintained also in interaction settings, while interactions bias the dynamics of chaotic and ordered networks toward that of critical cells. The increase in attractors observed in multicellular scenarios, compared to single cells, allows us to hypothesize that biological processes, such as ontogeny and cell differentiation, leverage interactions to modulate individual and collective cell responses.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"31 1","pages":"68-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emergence of Self-Replicating Hierarchical Structures in a Binary Cellular Automaton 二元细胞自动机中自复制分层结构的出现
IF 1.6 4区 计算机科学
Artificial Life Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00449
Bo Yang
{"title":"Emergence of Self-Replicating Hierarchical Structures in a Binary Cellular Automaton","authors":"Bo Yang","doi":"10.1162/artl_a_00449","DOIUrl":"10.1162/artl_a_00449","url":null,"abstract":"We have discovered a novel transition rule for binary cellular automata (CAs) that yields self-replicating structures across two spatial and temporal scales from sparse random initial conditions. Lower-level, shape-shifting clusters frequently follow a transient attractor trajectory, generating new clusters, some of which periodically self-duplicate. When the initial distribution of live cells is sufficiently sparse, these clusters coalesce into larger formations that also self-replicate. These formations may further form the boundaries of an expanding complex on an even larger scale. This rule, dubbed “Outlier,” is rotationally symmetric and applies to 2-D Moore neighborhoods. It was evolved through genetic programming during an extensive search for rules that foster open-ended evolution in CAs. While self-replicating structures, both crafted and emergent, have been created in CAs with state sets intentionally designed for this purpose, the Outlier may be the first known rule to facilitate nontrivial emergent self-replication across two spatial scales in binary CAs.","PeriodicalId":55574,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Life","volume":"31 1","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10907985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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