{"title":"Comparative assessment of oral medications for overactive bladder in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Wenjuan He, Chunyu Wang, Bokun Chen, Menghao Li, Xinhui Zhang, Wenyan Cui, Qian Sun, Xinyue Jiang, Xiuju Liu","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2568729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2568729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of medications in elderly with overactive bladder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials databases were systematically searched from database inception to July 25, 2023, and randomized, controlled, double-blind trials for overactive bladder in the elderly were screened according to the protocol. Data were analyzed using Stata17.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of reducing Micturitions, the interventions were ranked: trospium chloride (TRO), fesoterodine (FES) 4/8 mg, vibegron (VIB), mirabegron (MIR) 25/50 mg, tolterodine ER (TOL) 4 mg, placebo (PBO), of which only TOL showed no significant difference compared to placebo; Forsafety, the TEAE of TOL 4/8 mg had the highest incidence and was significantly different from others; MIR, VIB, and FES 4mg were well-tolerated regarding dry mouth and constipation; TOL 4 mg, FES 4/8 mg, and VIB showed a statistically increase from placebo for headache and FES 4/8mg and MIR 25 mg showed a statistically increase for dizziness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TRO 60 mg has the best efficacy in reducing micturitions, but increases the incidence of dry mouth and constipation; VIB and MIR are well tolerated in dry mouth and constipation, but may increase the risk of headache or dizziness.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2568729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of degarelix compared to GnRH agonists for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yumeng Chai, Zhuoyue Yao, Zhongbao Zhou, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2581656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2581656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of degarelix and GnRH agonists in prostate cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. RevMan 5.3 software was applied to conduct the meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Degarelix resulted in a higher frequency of adverse events compared to GnRH agonists (59.7% vs 48.4%; RR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.13, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, these events did not translate into a higher rate of severe complications (10.8% vs 11.8%; RR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.66-1.19, <i>p</i> = 0.43), treatment discontinuation (5.5% vs 5.5%; RR:1.00, 95%CI: 0.67-1.50, <i>p</i> = 0.99) or death (2.5% vs 3.9%; RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.34-1.19, <i>p</i> = 0.16). Degarelix triggered higher incidence of injection site reaction (45.3%vs 4.4%; RR: 19.17, 95%CI: 5.51-66.74, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), but contributed to lower rates of cardiovascular events (6.1% vs 7.8%; RR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.51-0.96, <i>p</i> = 0.03), musculoskeletal events (12.7% vs 15.2%; RR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.65-0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and urinary adverse effects (AEs) (6.4% vs 14.1%; RR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.33-0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.00001). Degarelix provided better relief of IPSS (MD -1.85, 95%CI: -2.97- -0.72, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and was linked to reduced prostate volume (MD -1.4, 95%CI: -4.83-2.02, <i>P</i> = 0.42). There was no significant difference in PSA progression at 12 months (13.3% vs 14%; RR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.73-1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.17). However, degarelix achieved significantly higher castration rates at day 3 (96.5% vs 0%; RR: 356.05, 95%CI: 87.57-1447.68, <i>p</i> < 0.00001) and more sustained testosterone suppression at 12 months (96.1% vs 74.3%; RR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.02-1.66, <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical implications: </strong>While degarelix is associated with higher overall AE rates, it provides significant benefits in terms of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal safety, rapid testosterone suppression, and lower urinary AEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2581656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145490947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain metastasis from prostate cancer with neurologic symptoms as the first sign: a case report.","authors":"Chuanjian Chen, Chunhao Mo, Shaolong Zhang, Youming Shi, Luhua Ji, Zhongyun Ning, Hui Ding","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2586947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2586947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to bones and lymph nodes; visceral metastases are uncommon. Central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of prostate cancer with brain metastasis initially presenting as a lesion occupying the sellar and suprasellar regions and discuss its management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 80-year-old male presented with diplopia for two months. Brain MRI showed an occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar regions. He also reported urinary difficulty and constipation. Laboratory tests showed elevated TPSA (367.000 ng/mL) and FPSA (40.300 ng/mL) levels. Imaging supported prostate cancer with a suprasellar metastatic lesion. Transurethral prostate resection confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed with mHSPC (T4N1M1) and received endocrine therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain metastasis from prostate cancer is rare. This case demonstrated a significant reduction in both primary and metastatic lesions following ADT-based endocrine therapy, with no significant adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2586947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomarker-driven mechanisms and therapeutic targets for prostate diseases through mendelian randomization and molecular docking.","authors":"Luyuan Lu, Junxiao Shen, Zujie Chen, Junyi Zhang, Xvke Gong, Haiqiang Pan, Xv Luo, Shichen Meng, Yixiong Zheng","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2578633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2578633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate diseases, comprising prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCA), represent substantial public health burdens. This study aimed to clarify biomarker-disease relationships and identify potential therapeutic targets for prostate disorders using a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two-sample MR analyses using genome-wide association data. Causal effects were estimated using complementary MR methods. To identify therapeutic targets, MR findings were integrated with DrugBank, protein-protein interaction networks, bulk RNA sequencing, and molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six biomarkers showed causal effects on prostate diseases: URK on prostatitis; GGT and TBIL on BPH; and UCR, PHOS, and BUN on PCA. Functional integration highlighted MPO and TUBB as drug targets for BPH, while docking implicated MET and ATP8B1 in BPH and GATA3 and ENPP3 in PCA. Drug repurposing suggested dexamethasone for BPH and colchicine and metformin for PCA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides genetic evidence linking biomarkers to prostate diseases and identifies novel druggable targets and repurposing opportunities, offering mechanistic insights and prospects for precision therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2578633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A large-sample analysis of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, the red cell distribution width, and prostate cancer: identification of their causal relationships, shared gene signatures, and key biological mechanisms.","authors":"Jinyu Zhang, Weijie Zhu, Jiongzheng Li, Jiaxuan Li, Quanshun Yan, Yubo Zhang, Jing Li","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2588093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2588093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causal relationship and mechanisms connecting Vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency anemia, red cell distribution width (RDW), and prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear due to small, methodologically limited studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) using GWAS to test the causal effects of VB12 deficiency anemia and RDW on PCa. VB12-deprivation cell assays assessed <i>γ</i>-H2AX, cell-cycle distribution, and EMT markers. Mechanistic follow-up used SMR with HEIDI, enrichment, and colocalization analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both VB12 deficiency anemia (OR_IVW = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.018-1.090) and higher RDW (OR_IVW = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.040-1.153) showed modest positive associations with PCa risk by 2SMR. Multiple sensitivity analyses supported robustness, bidirectional tests found no evidence of reverse causation, and VB12-deprivation cell assays further corroborated the MR signals. In multivariable MR, the positive RDW-PCa association persisted after conditioning on CRP and ferritin. SMR identified 68 genes shared between VB12 deficiency anemia and PCa. Colocalization highlighted two priority loci: B3GAT1 (PP4 = 0.94) and SIK2 (PP4 = 0.78), suggesting that expression changes at these genes may mediate prostate cancer susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic liability to VB12 deficiency anemia and higher RDW showed modest, directionally consistent associations with increased PCa risk. This risk may be mediated through B3GAT1 and SIK2.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2588093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging MalePub Date : 2025-12-11Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2025.2590251
Hong Ding, Lei Li, Laiguo Han, Cong Xu
{"title":"Longitudinal evidence on the relationship between air pollutants, sarcopenia, and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: findings from the CHARLS cohort.","authors":"Hong Ding, Lei Li, Laiguo Han, Cong Xu","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2590251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2590251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of air pollutants on cognitive aging remains uncertain. This study investigates whether sarcopenia mediates the association of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>) with cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from adults (≥45 years) in the 2015 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) waves, we employed linear regression, mediation, and restricted cubic spline analyses to assess the associations of air pollutants and sarcopenia with cognitive function (measured by mental status and episodic memory), controlling for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and sarcopenia demonstrated significant negative associations with cognitive function (all <i>β</i> < 0, all 95% CI excluded 0, all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Sarcopenia mediated 12.79% and 6.65% of the effect of PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>, respectively. Subgroup analyses identified sex and marital status as significant effect modifiers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and sarcopenia were negatively associated with cognitive function. Sarcopenia partially mediated the effects of O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2590251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging MalePub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2025.2519035
Michael Zitzmann, Andrea Sansone, Emmanuele A Jannini, Hugh Jones, Alberto Ferlin, Bruno Lunenfeld
{"title":"Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of the aging male with Klinefelter syndrome.","authors":"Michael Zitzmann, Andrea Sansone, Emmanuele A Jannini, Hugh Jones, Alberto Ferlin, Bruno Lunenfeld","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2519035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2519035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the inaugural recommendation for the management of the Aging Male with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), a demographic characterized by primary hypogonadism in the presence of one or more supernumerary X-chromosomes with irregular gene-inactivation, and metabolic dysregulation, contributing a component of functional hypogonadism as aging in these men progresses. The unique constellation of symptoms spanning multiple organ systems and health domains necessitates specialized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Neglecting the specific needs of this population can precipitate a considerable decline in quality of life and overall health outcomes. Our recommendations advocate for a multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, urologists, geneticists, mental health professionals, and other specialists, to address the complex interplay of hormonal imbalances, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular risk factors including arrhythmia, bone health concerns, psychological and sexual challenges, ophthalmological problems, and dental issues. By providing a structured framework for comprehensive and individualized care, these recommendations aim to bridge existing healthcare gaps, optimize well-being, and enhance the overall quality of life for aging men with KS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2519035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging MalePub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2025.2525853
Yulia Tishova, Ruslan Zukov, Lev Demidov, Pavel Borisov, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Valentina Leonenko, Anastasia Tarasova, Kristina Zakurdaeva, Ilya Tsimafeyeu
{"title":"Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its association with age in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from a prospective multicenter study.","authors":"Yulia Tishova, Ruslan Zukov, Lev Demidov, Pavel Borisov, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Valentina Leonenko, Anastasia Tarasova, Kristina Zakurdaeva, Ilya Tsimafeyeu","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2525853","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2525853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and assess its associations in a large cohort of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) prior to initiating and during therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective multicenter study, male patients with clear-cell mRCC were assessed. Erectile function was evaluated using the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and general health status was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Kidney Symptom Index (FKSI-19). Associations between clinical factors and IIEF-5 scores were analyzed using multiple regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 357 patients (median age 62.9 years), 69% reported negative changes in sexual life, and 77.8% had some degree of ED. 62% of patients reported no sexual activity. Although older age, poor or intermediate IMDC risk, and greater symptom severity were associated with lower IIEF-5 scores in univariate analyses, age was not an independent predictor of ED. Instead, ECOG performance status, hemoglobin levels, and FKSI-19 scores significantly predicted ED level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ED is highly prevalent among patients with mRCC and appears to be more strongly associated with general health and disease burden rather than age. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating sexual health in oncology settings, irrespective of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2525853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging MalePub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2025.2563391
Maobin Yu, Ze Li, Hongsen Zeng, Jian Ma, Hang Deng, Meijun Liu, Tao Zhang, Zilong Xu, Peihai Zhang
{"title":"The association between lipid accumulation product and erectile dysfunction in hypertensive and diabetic men: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2001-2004.","authors":"Maobin Yu, Ze Li, Hongsen Zeng, Jian Ma, Hang Deng, Meijun Liu, Tao Zhang, Zilong Xu, Peihai Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2563391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2563391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with metabolic disorders like hypertension and diabetes. The lipid accumulation product (LAP), a marker of visceral fat and dyslipidemia, has not been well studied in relation to ED in these populations. This study examined the relationship between LAP and ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2004 data included 756 men with hypertension or diabetes. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis evaluated LAP-ED associations, with subgroup analysis for effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ED prevalence was 43.65% (330/756). LAP correlated positively with ED risk (continuous: <i>OR</i> = 1.005, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.000-1.005). Highest vs lowest LAP quartile (Q4 vs Q1) showed 2.92-fold higher ED risk (<i>OR</i> = 2.92, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.21-7.06). RCS analysis indicated linear association (<i>P</i> for non-linearity = 0.290). Subgroup analysis showed no significant interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates a positive correlation between LAP and ED in men with diabetes or hypertension; further studies are needed to confirm findings and explore mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2563391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of androgen in peyronie plaque induction rats.","authors":"Göktan Alptuğ Öz, Mustafa Ozan Ataçer, Gökhan Çevik, Meltem Ayyıldız Mercan, Ebru Taştekin, Hakan Akdere","doi":"10.1080/13685538.2025.2520327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2025.2520327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Peyronie's disease and hypogonadism are believed to have a linear association; however, research has yielded conflicting results. This is the first histopathological study on this topic.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study randomly assigned 40 three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats to five groups. We established Peyronie's model by injecting intratunical TGF-beta and 3% disodium phosphate dihydrate into four groups. One group received intratunical saline. The control group for the Peyronie's disease model was one group. In the other groups, the first had castration orchiectomy. The second group was the Peyronie's disease model control. The third group received intratunical saline injections. The fourth group received intraperitoneal testosterone injections, while the fifth received 0.5 mg of 5-alpha reductase inhibitor orally daily. We excised penile tissue for histopathology after a 30-day follow-up. Masson's trichrome staining found collagen and smooth muscle, picro-sirius staining found collagen III and collagen I, and hematoxylin and eosin staining found fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological examination revealed significant differences in fibrosis, smooth muscle/collagen ratios, and collagen III/collagen I ratios. Comparing groupings without a control group revealed no statistically significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study explored testosterone's effect on Peyronie's disease in rats. Fibrosis was analyzed, but no significant changes were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55542,"journal":{"name":"Aging Male","volume":"28 1","pages":"2520327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}