American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Psychosocial determinants of adolescents' attitudes toward disclosing dating violence.","authors":"Natallia Sianko, Deborah Kunkel, Savannah R Burke, Sarah Duncan, Mark A Small","doi":"10.1037/ort0000769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study combined a person-oriented approach with a psychosocial framework of help-seeking to examine factors associated with the intent to disclose dating violence among developing adolescents. Data came from adolescents in middle and high school in a rural area in the southeastern United States, who were surveyed annually for 4 years (<i>N</i>_{wave 1} = 580; <i>M</i>_age = 13 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.48; 52.7% female; 49% Black, 39% White, 11% Hispanic, or other minorities). Results confirm expectations that intraindividual (adolescent views on violence and safety); interindividual (peer and family dynamics); positional (gender, having a supportive adult); and ideological factors are all significant predictors of patterns in help-seeking attitudes. However, predictive relevance of some factors varied across help-seeking groups and data collection periods, supporting the differential effects hypothesis. For example, while greater friend social support increased the odds of belonging to \"friend confidants,\" it simultaneously decreased the odds of being a member of \"parent confidants\" and \"moderate help-seekers\" groups. Additionally, the influence of family functioning tended to decrease over time, eventually losing its explanatory value at Wave 4. The article concludes by discussing how integration of a person-centered methodological approach with a robust theoretical foundation advances our understanding of variability in adolescents' responses to dating violence. Consideration of diversity in adolescent intentions to react to interpersonal violence is discussed further in the context of policy and practice to enhance protective options and prevent or minimize harm. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate mental health status of refugees during the Ukrainian armed conflict of 2022.","authors":"Yulia Roitblat, Liliia Nehuliaieva, Roksolana Nedilko, Yurii Shashkov, Michael Shterenshis","doi":"10.1037/ort0000768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study assessed stressors and the immediate mental health status of the Ukrainian refugees during the ongoing Ukrainian armed conflict of 2022 and analyzed strategies for reducing anxiety levels. The questionnaire-based prospective study was undertaken in Lviv, Ukraine (five study groups) and Israel (two groups) among 27,901 refugees and 1,259 controls. We assessed the levels of anxiety with General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; score range = 0-21, mild to severe) and Refugees' Anxiety Reasons-6 (RAR-6) with a score ranging from 30 (<i>no anxiety</i>) to 6 (<i>extreme anxiety</i>) questionnaires. RAR-6 assessed worries about personal safety, money matters, relatives under fire, the future of the country, limited medications, and general mental fatigue. The study involved refugees in the migration phase and internally displaced persons. The GAD-7 score of 16.1 ± 2.6 (severe anxiety) showed that all participants experienced anxiety during current hostilities. The RAR-6 score of 21.8 ± 1.7 demonstrated that participants worried about numerous acute problems, but the results varied from group to group. The refugees who moved abroad independently and without a clear goal had the worst GAD-7 score of 19.4 ± 1.7. The refugees who traveled abroad in a group-organized manner had the best RAR-6 score of 24.8 ± 1.5, while passing through Lviv refugees had the worst RAR-6 score of 19.0 ± 1.6 (<i>p</i> = .03). During hostilities, refugees, internally displaced persons, and regular inhabitants are mentally affected to varying degrees. For refugees, group-organized travel abroad is the best option to maintain adequate mental health, followed by an internal refugee status and traveling abroad independently (the worst strategy). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cultural and institutional race-related stress on mental health outcomes among ethnic/racially minoritized young adults: Ethnic identity as a protective factor.","authors":"Kanila L Brown, Devin E Banks, Tamika C B Zapolski","doi":"10.1037/ort0000767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racism is multidimensional with three main domains: individual, cultural, and institutional. Much of the research linking racism/race-related stress to negative health outcomes have focused on race-related stress based on full-scale scores or within the individual domain of racism. Far less research has examined the cultural and institutional domains. Thus, the present study examined whether (a) there is a direct positive effect of cultural and institutional race-related stress on anxiety and depressive symptoms among a sample of ethnic/racially minoritized (ERM) young adults and whether (b) ethnic identity affirmation, belongingness, and commitment (EI-ABC), which has been identified as a protective factor of racism, buffers the effect of cultural and institutional race-related stress on symptoms of anxiety and depression. A total of 515 ERM young adults (58.5% females, <i>M</i>_age = 23.94, <i>SD</i> = 5.86) completed an online study examining stress and health outcomes among ERM young adults. A series of multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between race-related stress and anxiety and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of EI-ABC. Cultural and institutional race-related stress were found to significantly predict symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further, EI-ABC significantly buffered the effect of cultural (but not institutional) race-related stress on anxiety symptoms. Interventions for cultural race-related stress among ERMs that target anxiety symptoms should include building high EI-ABC. Additional research should identify factors that may alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression associated with experiencing cultural and institutional race-related stress among ERM young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of acculturation, enculturation, and religious orientation on Arab/Middle Eastern North African (MENA) Americans' help-seeking attitudes.","authors":"Katherine Sadek, Germine H Awad","doi":"10.1037/ort0000778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Help-seeking attitudes among Arab/Middle Eastern North African (MENA) Americans remain an understudied outcome, despite significant levels of reported mental health concerns. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine whether Arab/MENA Christians and Muslims' help-seeking attitudes were significantly associated with acculturation, enculturation, and religious orientation. Results indicated that acculturation levels were positively associated with help-seeking attitudes, wherein individuals with higher levels of dominant society immersion were more likely to report more positive attitudes toward help seeking. Extrinsic social religious orientation (ESRO) interacted with religious affiliation (i.e., Christian or Muslim) wherein higher levels of ESRO were associated with lower help-seeking attitudes for Muslims but not Christians. Moreover, enculturation and religious affiliation interacted so that higher levels of enculturation were associated with less positive help-seeking attitudes for Christians and more positive help-seeking attitudes for Muslims. Finally, intrinsic religious orientation interacted with religious affiliation so that increasing levels of intrinsic religious orientation predicted lower levels of help-seeking attitudes for Muslims and higher levels for Christians. These findings have implications for working with Arab/MENA groups and implementing interventions to improve access and attitudes toward mental health services, which are often stigmatized (i.e., socially devalued) in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological flexibility in the face of potential adversity: Examining wellness among gay and heterosexual men.","authors":"Kfir Ifrah, Geva Shenkman, Dov Shmotkin","doi":"10.1037/ort0000770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work expands the theoretical model on <i>the pursuit of happiness in a hostile world</i>, which concerns individuals' coping processes in the face of life adversity while focusing on <i>psychological flexibility,</i> regarded as an adaptive strategy presenting co-occurrence of converse experiences. Psychological flexibility was operationalized by concurrent, positive, and negative affect as well as by differing modes of coping (negative and positive engagement) related to the concept of a <i>hostile-world scenario</i>. The adaptive role of psychological flexibility was examined among Israeli gay men, a sexual minority that deals with unique hardships. Gay men (<i>N</i> = 474, aged 18-84) were pair-matched with equivalent 474 presumably heterosexual men on core sociodemographic variables. Questionnaires assessed the participants' psychological flexibility and psychological wellness as indicated by self-rated health, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism. The results showed a positive association between psychological flexibility and psychological wellness. Moreover, this association was stronger among gay compared to heterosexual men. In conclusion, the endurance of contradictory experiences may facilitate the adjustment to complex life challenges of sexual minorities. Therefore, researchers and clinicians working with sexual minorities are encouraged to examine coping strategies that enhance psychological flexibility by addressing the adaptational benefits embedded in the coactivation of positive and negative experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health stigma and service use among Black American youth: A systematic review.","authors":"Danae Fields-Oriogun, Megan Foley-Nicpon, Michael Thornburg-Suresh","doi":"10.1037/ort0000749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research has found that Black children do not obtain mental health services at a rate commensurate with their needs. Additionally, they overall have lower rates of service utilization in comparison to other groups, even when factors such as socioeconomic status are considered. This systematic review aimed to examine the impact of mental health stigma on service utilization within Black families. We conducted a review of qualitative and quantitative studies published from 1990 to 2020 that examined the relationship between mental health stigma and service use and included disaggregated data of Black American youth and/or caregivers as the participants. Twelve articles (six quantitative, four qualitative, and two mixed methods) met the inclusion criteria. We used a narrative synthesis approach to organize and assess the extracted data. Youth reported stigmatizing beliefs about mental health treatment, although their attitudes did not contribute to caregivers' decisions about seeking treatment for them. Caregivers reported an awareness of stigmatizing views being held by others in their communities, but they did not consistently describe these views as impacting their service use decisions. Findings suggest a need for additional research to determine which factors most strongly impact the service use decisions of Black American caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teacher psychopathology, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction during COVID-19: Resilience and risk factors.","authors":"Dana Lassri, Mona Khoury-Kassabri, Ruth Gottfried, Alex Desatnik","doi":"10.1037/ort0000763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Teaching staff have been especially vulnerable to experiencing psychopathology and compassion fatigue during COVID-19, given the significant demands they have experienced. Yet, research on risk and resilience factors is scant. We assessed the psychological status of Israeli teaching staff during COVID-19, focusing on psychopathology (depression, anxiety, somatization), compassion fatigue (burnout, secondary traumatic stress), and compassion satisfaction. We also examined the role of transdiagnostic risk and resilience factors-mentalizing, self-compassion, self-criticism, social support, and specialized trauma training-in predicting psychological status and mitigating the link between COVID-19-related distress and psychological status. An online questionnaire was completed by 350 teaching staff. Analyses included outlining the distributions of psychological status outcomes and running a series of moderation models using hierarchical robust regression. While 48% of the participants exhibited moderated-to-high levels of anxiety and 28.27% had no somatization, only 13% exhibited moderate-to-severe levels of depression; 60% had moderate levels of burnout, 48% had moderate levels of secondary traumatic stress, and 52% had low levels of compassion satisfaction. COVID-19-related distress, self-criticism, prementalizing modes, low socioeconomic status, and being in an intimate relationship emerged as key risk factors positively associated with psychological status, while self-compassion, general mentalizing, interest and curiosity about mental states, and social support were negatively linked with these outcomes. Teacher's mentalizing about students' mental states and social support moderated the link between COVID-19-related distress and psychological status. The findings highlight the importance of risk and resilience factors for assessing and preventing teaching staff's psychopathology and compassion fatigue during COVID-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization in promoting activism among Asian American Christians.","authors":"Emi Ichimura, Tara Shelby, Trevor Taone, Paul Youngbin Kim, Joel Jin","doi":"10.1037/ort0000766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adversity faced by Asian Americans (AAs) due to discrimination is a testament to the ongoing fight for human rights. At the crux of social activism, familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) instills cultural values, ethnic identity, belonging to one's racial group, and a meaningful outlook, navigating generations through these challenges. This study examined the role of family and religion in amplifying social advocacy among AAs by assessing the relationship between race-related stress and social activism, as well as the mediating role of familial and religious ERS via a parallel mediation. Our research, utilizing a cross-sectional, nonexperimental design, involved 254 AA emerging adults identifying as Christian (<i>M</i>_age = 29.06, <i>SD</i>_age = 7.55), sourced from Prolific (<i>n</i> = 203) and community sampling (<i>n</i> = 51). Linear regression findings revealed significant positive associations between familial ERS and social action (β = .226, <i>p</i> < .001), as well as religious ERS and social action (β = .085, <i>p</i> = .033). Nevertheless, parallel mediation analysis through bootstrapping demonstrated that neither familial nor religious ERS fully mediated the effects of race-related stress on social activism. These results underscore the significance of applying culturally imbued insights from different contexts to address discrimination within the AA Christian community. Scrutinizing these pathways can safeguard AA Christians, while promoting the amalgamation of Christian theology and psychological science. Future research should address the spectrum of beliefs and practices within Christianity that intersect with AA families and culture, unraveling the foundations of the call for social action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward transgender health: Analysis of current barriers and theorizing interventions.","authors":"Sinead Murano-Kinney, Rodrigo Heng-Lehtinen","doi":"10.1037/ort0000756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the fields of medical and behavioral health care, there is a demonstrable scarcity of providers who possess the necessary levels of clinical and cultural competency required to serve transgender patients. As a result of this deficiency, many members of the transgender community engage in an avoidance of care. Among providers, there are observed deficiencies in awareness regarding specific acute and chronic health disparities experienced by members of the transgender population. We aim to demonstrate the unique and intersectional health disparities experienced by this community, to empower providers serving this community. Additionally, we endeavor to propose a range of potential clinical and political interventions and options for mobilization that providers can engage in. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating behavioral, psychodynamic, recovery-oriented, and trauma-informed principles to decrease aggressive behavior in inpatient care.","authors":"Erika R Carr, Nakia Hamlett, Marc Hillbrand","doi":"10.1037/ort0000762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive behavioral support plans have been employed since the 1980s in the service of those with developmental disabilities and in school systems and show efficacy for decreasing challenging behaviors and facilitating skill building. Recent years have seen an increased use of positive behavior support (PBS) technology with adults who experience serious mental illness. Inpatient psychiatric units can be traumatizing places as a consequence of the acuity of units and their use of containment methods to address challenging behaviors, such as aggression against others and self-injury. This has resulted in socially just movements from coercive measures in inpatient care, informed by psychotherapeutic, trauma-informed, and recovery-oriented principles that emphasize safety, person-centered values, and developing a life of meaning while ensuring trustworthiness, collaboration, and empowerment. This article describes the effectiveness of a trauma-informed and recovery-oriented PBS approach, informed by psychotherapeutic principles, in the treatment of individuals with serious mental illness on an inpatient unit in decreasing the frequency and intensity of challenging behaviors. The PBS approach is also founded on the ideals of social justice that all individuals have the right to equity and to the pursuit of a meaningful life in society. This is especially true of persons who experience the most marginalization, such as those who are involuntarily hospitalized and who face coercive measures, and who deserve interventions to help them live a life of meaning. Findings suggest that this psychotherapy integration approach leads to significant decreases in aggressive behaviors while decreasing the likelihood of exposure to traumatic experiences for patients and staff alike. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}