American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Interconnectedness of mindfulness facets and their impact on mental health outcomes in Asian American and European American college students: A network approach.","authors":"Duckhyun Jo, Michael C Pan","doi":"10.1037/ort0000809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite extensive research supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions, the understanding of the dynamic connections between various mindfulness facets, particularly across diverse cultures, remained limited. This study aimed to investigate the networks among mindfulness aspects across different cultural backgrounds and their individual associations with mental health and well-being. Using the data collected from 710 undergraduate students in Hawaii (445 Asian Americans, 265 European Americans), we constructed sparse networks for each group to investigate their centrality index. To compare the overall structures of these networks, we utilized permutation-based tests. In addition, we used relative weight analysis to evaluate the distinct contributions of each mindfulness facet to positive and negative mental health outcomes. The results indicated similar trends in both racial groups, emphasizing the importance of specific mindfulness aspects like describing and acting with awareness within the mindfulness construct. However, notable variations were observed, particularly in how observing and nonjudging facets related among Asian Americans. In addition, acting with awareness and nonjudging showed substantial inverse associations with negative mental health outcomes across groups, whereas the observing aspect displayed positive connections with anxiety and stress among Asian Americans. The findings suggest which aspects are fundamental to mindfulness, aiding in a nuanced understanding of the construct. They also emphasize the importance of acknowledging cultural diversity in both mindfulness research and its clinical applications. Practical implications and directions for future research were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic discrimination, cultural identification, and well-being among undocumented Hispanic immigrants in the United States: A test of the rejection-identification model.","authors":"Lawrence G Watkins, Cory L Cobb, Seth J Schwartz, Maria Duque, Pablo Montero-Zamora, Aigerim Alpysbekova, Sara Romero, Beyhan Ertanir, Charles R Martinez","doi":"10.1037/ort0000810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the rejection-identification model (RIM) within a community sample of undocumented Hispanic immigrants in the United States, a unique and vulnerable population who face distinct legal and sociopolitical challenges. The RIM posits that ethnic discrimination is associated with increased identification with one's ethnic group, which, in turn, is positively associated with well-being. Data were collected from a community sample of 140 undocumented Hispanic immigrants living in the South-Central United States during the height of the 2015 Trump presidential campaign. Path analysis was employed to examine direct and indirect effects of perceived ethnic discrimination vis-à-vis ethnic identity, U.S. identity, and two forms of well-being (life satisfaction and flourishing). Age (<i>M</i> = 34.83), gender (50% men), and time spent in the United States were included as covariates. Higher ethnic discrimination was associated with lower U.S. and ethnic identity. Both ethnic and U.S. identity were positively associated with flourishing, whereas only U.S. identity was positively associated with life satisfaction. We also found a significant indirect effect of ethnic identity in the relationship between ethnic discrimination and flourishing. Findings are inconsistent with the RIM, as ethnic discrimination was negatively rather than positively associated with ethnic group identification. Undocumented Hispanic immigrants are a vulnerable population who may experience dual disidentification from both U.S. and ethnic cultural streams when perceiving ethnic discrimination during adverse sociopolitical periods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural-economic stress and mental health among Ukrainian immigrants residing in the U.S. post-Russian invasion.","authors":"Aigerim Alpysbekova, Mia M Cisco, Beyhan Ertanir, Duyen H Vo, Carolina Scaramutti, Lea Nehme, Pablo Montero-Zamora, Tara Bautista, Seth J Schwartz","doi":"10.1037/ort0000796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates the perceived impact of cultural and family-economic stressors on the mental health and well-being of Ukrainian migrants in the United States who arrived either pre- or post-Russian invasion. We used a range of tools for assessment, including the general anxiety disorder (GAD-7), CESD-B-10, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-22), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD-17), 10-item Revised Life Orientation Test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, seven-item Perceived Discrimination Scale, six-item Perceived Context of Reception Scale, Language Stress-7, family-economic stress-13 (FES-13), Survivor's guilt-9, and Satisfaction with Life-5 scales. Utilizing latent profile analysis with a sample of 703 Ukrainian migrants, we identified three distinct classes based on levels of cultural and family-economic stress: low, moderate, and high stress. We found that the high-stress class reported the highest levels of depressive (<i>M</i> = 27.29, <i>SD</i> = 6.02), anxiety (<i>M</i> = 12.11, <i>SD</i> = 4.30), and PTSD symptoms (<i>M</i> = 42.19, <i>SD</i> = 11.01), along with lower life satisfaction (<i>M</i> = 10.76, <i>SD</i> = 4.99) and higher rates of Survivor's guilt (<i>M</i> = 23.07, <i>SD</i> = 7.57), trauma (<i>M</i> = 16.76, <i>SD</i> = 5.51), and alcohol misuse (<i>M</i> = 14.57, <i>SD</i> = 10.84). Conversely, the low-stress class reported higher levels of optimism (<i>M</i> = 22.14, <i>SD</i> = 5.01). Importantly, individuals arriving after the invasion were disproportionately represented in the high-stress class, with a significant majority meeting criteria for probable anxiety, depression, and PTSD diagnoses. Furthermore, a substantial portion of high-stress participants met criteria for alcohol dependence, emphasizing the pivotal role of stressors in influencing the mental health of Ukrainian migrants, and suggesting the need for tailored interventions addressing cultural and family-economic stressors. This study enhances our understanding of cultural and family-economic stress theories within a European migrant context, emphasizing the significance of arrival cohort and stress levels in mental health interventions for migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging the use of the overall adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) score: Comparing total ACEs, maltreatment, and household dysfunction on mental health problems among White, African American, and Native American women under correctional control.","authors":"Michael Fitzgerald, Alex Bishop","doi":"10.1037/ort0000784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been consistently linked to mental health problems. There have been recent conceptual and empirical critiques that suggest maltreatment and household dysfunction to not be combined to create a composite ACE score. Women in correctional custody demonstrate disproportionately high ACE levels and greater mental health problems as to racial minorities. The present study compared the effects of varying operationalizations of the ACEs measure on women's mental health stratified across race using a sample of White, African American, and Native American women in correctional custody in Oklahoma. The cross-sectional study administered a paper-and-pencil survey to 494 women. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. Maltreatment was a significant predictor of women's mental health across all racial groups but demonstrated the strongest effect among African American inmates. Household dysfunction was not a significant predictor of mental health for any racial group. When comparing the maltreatment-only model to the maltreatment and household dysfunction model, and the overall ACE score model, there was little explained variance lost. These findings indicate that maltreatment demonstrates unique associations with women's mental health and may be the driving force behind the relationship between ACEs and adult mental health among women within correctional custody. Researchers are advised to not use the overall ACE score and instead break down the measure into the maltreatment and household dysfunction subscales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I want to succeed for her, so I can assure a better future for her\": Parenting in Bedouin society in Israel.","authors":"Nitzan Scharf, Yair Ziv","doi":"10.1037/ort0000803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bedouin society in Israel is characterized as a marginalized minority (Muslim) society struggling to maintain its uniqueness in a Western (Jewish) dominant society. In this unique qualitative study, we aimed to shed light on the distinctive characteristics of Bedouin parenting practices in the context of social change by exploring Bedouin parents' accounts of factors contributing to or hampering their parenthood. Ninety-nine parents (<i>M</i>_age = 33.25, <i>SD</i> = 4.89) were interviewed about their parenting and their perceptions of Bedouin society. Interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Parents' accounts indicated a tension between preserving traditions, social norms, and religious rules that offer cohesion, comfort, and security and embracing individualistic values and cultural changes to promote social mobility for future generations. Bedouin mothers were conflicted between seeking self-fulfillment and meeting societal expectations. Whereas some emphasized investing time and effort in parenting as a form of ensuring their children's success, others saw investing in themselves as a means to improve family mobility. The findings suggest the need to be mindful of cultural values that are important to parents (e.g., maintaining traditions) and of barriers to help-seeking (e.g., viewing secular ideas as threats to religiously based social structures) when working with parents from minority indigenous societies such as the Bedouin. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positivity as a moderator of the association between enacted stigma and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.","authors":"Geva Shenkman, Kfir Ifrah, Yuval Shaia","doi":"10.1037/ort0000805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the association between enacted stigma and adverse mental health outcomes in Israeli lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of positivity, namely the inclination to perceive oneself, one's life, and one's future in a generally positive outlook, in this association. For this purpose, we surveyed 520 cisgender LGB Israelis (<i>M</i>_age = 33.20, <i>SD</i> = 8.68; 30.8% self-reported as lesbian women, 48.8% self-reported as gay men, 20.4% self-reported as bisexual individuals), and assessed enacted stigma, depressive symptoms, anxiety, negative affect, and positivity. The results of the hierarchical regressions and simple slope analyses indicated that enacted stigma was associated with higher depressive symptoms, anxiety, and negative affect. As hypothesized, positivity played a moderating role in the association between enacted stigma and adverse mental health indicators, whereby the association was weaker among participants with higher positivity scores and stronger among those with lower positivity scores. The findings contribute novel insights to the sexual minority literature within the field of mental health by unfolding the role played by positivity in mitigating the detrimental effects of enacted stigma. The results underscore that practitioners should not only be knowledgeable about the negative repercussions of enacted stigma, but they should also monitor positivity and integrate interventions aimed at enhancing positivity into their clinical work with sexual minority individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Championing racial equity within mental health systems: Perceptions and experiences among state government organization staff leading the charge.","authors":"Alexandra M Alden, Alisa K Lincoln","doi":"10.1037/ort0000801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and police brutality, especially the murder of George Floyd, have intensified the focus on racial equity within a diverse array of organizations. While a variety of strategies are employed in the pursuit of racial equity in mental health care, there is a notable gap in recognizing the crucial role of individual staff driving change within organizations. Few studies have examined these individuals and the ways they think about their work and its impact. Here, we examine the ways that state health and mental health authority (SH/MHA) staff understand racial equity in mental health care when faced with unusual support for equity reform following the Summer of 2020. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with 58 individuals working in SH/MHAs of 31 states across the United States, we examine the perspectives and experiences of staff engaging in racial equity work when they sense that sociohistoric events perhaps temporarily lifted constraints. Findings confirm the importance of people in the racial equity work process and show that study participants have the characteristics of champions with (a) a conceptualization of (in)equity that involves White systems, including their own organizations, and the need for persistent, sustainable work, (b) an emotional investment toward racial equity, and (c) autonomous motivations of morality and empathy. This study underscores the profound transformative capacity of champions within organizations. Gaining insight into their perceptions and experiences offers a deep understanding of the qualities of a champion and equips us to bolster their pursuits toward racial equity within mental health systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived barriers to postsecondary education among social service-using young women: Risk and protective factors.","authors":"Noam Schuman-Harel, Tehila Refaeli","doi":"10.1037/ort0000788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration into postsecondary education (PSE) promotes social mobility. However, young women who use social welfare services and face situations of risk and adversity encounter various barriers on their path to pursuing PSE. This study, based on social cognitive career theory and intersectionality theory, proposed a comprehensive model using risk and protective factors to predict perceived educational barriers for service-using young women not enrolled in PSE. It used data from interviews with 248 service-using young women from Israel. Multiple regression analysis revealed several associations: Young women who faced economic difficulties, had diagnoses of learning disabilities, experienced a high situation of risk, and elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to report higher perceived barriers to accessing PSE. Regarding protective factors, participants with higher levels of cognitive variables (sense of mastery and academic expectations) tended to perceive lower educational barriers. Similarly, participants who reported higher family support were generally more inclined to report lower educational barriers. Peer support served to moderate the relationship between learning disabilities and perceived educational barriers. In addition, academic expectations moderated the relationship between education level and perceived barriers to accessing PSE. These findings highlight the negative effects of marginalization, risk, and PTSD symptoms on perceived educational barriers among service-using young women. They also underscore the need to develop interventions and policies that address these conditions and increase protective factors in order to improve educational opportunities for marginalized young women and help them overcome barriers that limit their integration into PSE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing and measuring childhood adversity: A comprehensive critique of the adverse childhood experiences measure and offering a new conceptualization of childhood adversity.","authors":"Michael Fitzgerald, Kami L Gallus","doi":"10.1037/ort0000785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The landmark adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control shook the bedrock of the scientific community, highlighting the commonality of ACEs and identifying a dose-response relationship with poor health outcomes. The seminal findings led to a surge in ACEs research and a growing body of empirical literature; however, the ACEs measure has numerous conceptual and measurement issues that are often overlooked in the research. Such problems include a lack of a clear conceptual definition of what constitutes an ACE, item formulation and coverage, item scoring, and lack of contextual information. The current article aims to integrate existing critiques of the ACEs measure, extend critiques in greater detail, and proffer new ideas related to the conceptualization and study of ACEs. In preference to conceptualizing ACEs consistent with existing literature, we make a case that there are four unique and conceptually distinct subcategories of ACEs that should be conceptualized independently as individual adversities that frequently co-occur. We provide recommendations for researchers and discuss the utility of the ACEs measure as a screening tool. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional exhaustion and psychological distress among health care workers after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake: Prevalence and associated factors.","authors":"Elif Akçay, Esra Çöp, Gülser Senses Dinç, Yasemin Yılmazer, Duygu Bilgili Can, Betül Damla Demirel, Ümran Gül Ayvalık Baydur","doi":"10.1037/ort0000792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concerns about health workers' burnout and psychological well-being have increased as public health crises spread worldwide. This study aims to examine the burnout and psychological distress levels among health care professionals working in our children's hospital 1 month after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. A total of 213 health care workers (180 females, 84.5%, mean age 32.67) were included in the study. This cross-sectional study assessed burnout symptoms, psychological distress, and resilience via the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and the Brief Resilience Scale, respectively. A substantial number of participants (<i>n</i> = 117, 54.9%) reported high emotional exhaustion; approximately half of those were nurses (<i>n</i> = 56, 47.9%). The nurses had higher emotional exhaustion, depression, and stress scores as well as lower self-reported resilience scores than other health care assistants. Higher stress scores were associated with an increased likelihood of high emotional exhaustion, while having more work experience was a protective factor regarding the high emotional exhaustion of nurses. Our results showed that a significant proportion of health care workers had a high level of burnout. Frontline nurses as a group were at heightened risk for psychological distress and emotional exhaustion in the early stages of the disaster. Screening burnout and psychological distress in health care professionals is important for preventive strategies after the disaster. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}