Annual Review of Marine Science最新文献_第10页

Ocean Optimism: Moving Beyond the Obituaries in Marine Conservation. 海洋乐观主义:超越海洋保护的讣告。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608

Nancy Knowlton

引用次数: 31

Marine Parasites and Disease in the Era of Global Climate Change. 全球气候变化时代的海洋寄生虫和疾病。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429

James E Byers

{"title":"Marine Parasites and Disease in the Era of Global Climate Change.","authors":"James E Byers","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change affects ecological processes and interactions, including parasitism. Because parasites are natural components of ecological systems, as well as agents of outbreak and disease-induced mortality, it is important to summarize current knowledge of the sensitivity of parasites to climate and identify how to better predict their responses to it. This need is particularly great in marine systems, where the responses of parasites to climate variables are less well studied than those in other biomes. As examples of climate's influence on parasitism increase, they enable generalizations of expected responses as well as insight into useful study approaches, such as thermal performance curves that compare the vital rates of hosts and parasites when exposed to several temperatures across a gradient. For parasites not killed by rising temperatures, some simple physiological rules, including the tendency of temperature to increase the metabolism of ectotherms and increase oxygen stress on hosts, suggest that parasites' intensity and pathologies might increase. In addition to temperature, climate-induced changes in dissolved oxygen, ocean acidity, salinity, and host and parasite distributions also affect parasitism and disease, but these factors are much less studied. Finally, because parasites are constituents of ecological communities, we must consider indirect and secondary effects stemming from climate-induced changes in host-parasite interactions, which may not be evident if these interactions are studied in isolation.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38028855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota. 海洋生物群胞外活性氧的产生。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550

Colleen M Hansel, Julia M Diaz

{"title":"Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota.","authors":"Colleen M Hansel, Julia M Diaz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced ubiquitously across the tree of life. Far from being synonymous with toxicity and harm, biological ROS production is increasingly recognized for its essential functions in signaling, growth, biological interactions, and physiochemical defense systems in a diversity of organisms, spanning microbes to mammals. Part of this shift in thinking can be attributed to the wide phylogenetic distribution of specialized mechanisms for ROS production, such as NADPH oxidases, which decouple intracellular and extracellular ROS pools by directly catalyzing the reduction of oxygen in the surrounding aqueous environment. Furthermore, biological ROS production contributes substantially to natural fluxes of ROS in the ocean, thereby influencing the fate of carbon, metals, oxygen, and climate-relevant gases. Here, we review the taxonomic diversity, mechanisms, and roles of extracellular ROS production in marine bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweeds, and corals, highlighting the ecological and biogeochemical influences of this fundamental and remarkably widespread process.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38502449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Physiological Responses of Fish to Oil Spills. 鱼类对石油泄漏的生理反应。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802

Martin Grosell, Christina Pasparakis

{"title":"Physiological Responses of Fish to Oil Spills.","authors":"Martin Grosell, Christina Pasparakis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of tons of oil are spilled in aquatic environments every decade, and this oil has the potential to greatly impact fish populations. Here, we review available information on the physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish. Oil toxicity affects multiple biological systems, including cardiac function, cholesterol biosynthesis, peripheral and central nervous system function, the stress response, and osmoregulatory and acid-base balance processes. We propose that cholesterol depletion may be a significant contributor to impacts on cardiac, neuronal, and synaptic function as well as reduced cortisol production and release. Furthermore, it is possible that intracellular calcium homeostasis-a part of cardiotoxic and neuronal function that is affected by oil exposure-may be related to cholesterol depletion. A detailed understanding of oil impacts and affected physiological processes is emerging, but knowledge of their combined effects on fish in natural habitats is largely lacking. We identify key areas deserving attention in future research.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38225451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Incorporating Biological Traits into Conservation Strategies. 将生物特性纳入保护策略。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121

Marta Miatta, Amanda E Bates, Paul V R Snelgrove

{"title":"Incorporating Biological Traits into Conservation Strategies.","authors":"Marta Miatta, Amanda E Bates, Paul V R Snelgrove","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of marine conservation strategies, such as increasing the numbers, extent, and effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), can help achieve conservation and restoration of ocean health and associated goods and services. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of including aspects of ecological functioning in PA design, the physical characteristics of habitats and simple measures of species diversity inform most PA designations. Marine and terrestrial ecologists have recently been using biological traits to assess community dynamics, functioning, and vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. Here, we explore potential trait-based marine applications to advance PA design. We recommend strategies to integrate biological traits into (a) conservation objectives (e.g., by assessing and predicting impacts and vulnerability), (b) PA spatial planning (e.g., mapping ecosystem functions and functional diversity hot spots), and (c) time series monitoring protocols (e.g., using functional traits to detect recoveries). We conclude by emphasizing the need for pragmatic tools to improve the efficacy of spatial planning and monitoring efforts.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38319947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Historical Estimates of Surface Marine Temperatures. 海洋表面温度的历史估计。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807

Elizabeth C Kent, John J Kennedy

{"title":"Historical Estimates of Surface Marine Temperatures.","authors":"Elizabeth C Kent, John J Kennedy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807","url":null,"abstract":"Surface temperature documents our changing climate, and the marine record represents one of the longest widely distributed, observation-based estimates. Measurements of near-surface marine air temperature and sea-surface temperature have been recorded on platforms ranging from sailing ships to autonomous drifting buoys. The raw observations show an imprint of differing measurement methods and are sparse in certain periods and regions. This review describes how the real signal of global climate change can be determined from these sparse and noisy observations, including the quantification of measurement method-dependent biases and the reduction of spurious signals. Recent progress has come from analysis of the observations at increasing levels of granularity and from accounting for artifacts in the data that depend on platform types, measurement methods, and environmental conditions. Cutting across these effects are others caused by how the data were recorded, transcribed, and archived. These insights will be integrated into the next generation of global products quantified with validated estimates of uncertainty and the dependencies of its correlation structure. Further analysis of these records using improved data, metadata, and methods will certainly uncover more idiosyncrasies and new ways to improve the record.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38778339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Introduction. 介绍。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ma-13-093020-100001

The Editors

引用次数: 0

Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean. 将自然回归城市海洋的新兴解决方案。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015

Laura Airoldi, Michael W Beck, Louise B Firth, Ana B Bugnot, Peter D Steinberg, Katherine A Dafforn

{"title":"Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean.","authors":"Laura Airoldi, Michael W Beck, Louise B Firth, Ana B Bugnot, Peter D Steinberg, Katherine A Dafforn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015","url":null,"abstract":"Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic zones, and the demand for ocean space and resources is increasing. As we strive for a more sustainable future, it is imperative that we better design, manage, and conserve urban ocean spaces for both humans and nature. We identify three key objectives for more sustainable urban oceans: reduction of urban pressures, protection and restoration of ocean ecosystems, and support of critical ecosystem services. We describe an array of emerging evidence-based approaches, including greening grayinfrastructure, restoring habitats, and developing biotechnologies. We then explore new economic instruments and incentives for supporting these new approaches and evaluate their feasibility in delivering these objectives. Several of these tools have the potential to help bring nature back to the urban ocean while also addressing some of the critical needs of urban societies, such as climate adaptation, seafood production, clean water, and recreation, providing both human and environmental benefits in some of our most impacted ocean spaces.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-020015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38424904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

Marine Heatwaves. 海洋热浪。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032720-095144

Eric C J Oliver, Jessica A Benthuysen, Sofia Darmaraki, Markus G Donat, Alistair J Hobday, Neil J Holbrook, Robert W Schlegel, Alex Sen Gupta

引用次数: 192

Variations in Ocean Mixing from Seconds to Years. 从秒到年的海洋混合变化。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-122846

James N Moum

{"title":"Variations in Ocean Mixing from Seconds to Years.","authors":"James N Moum","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-122846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-122846","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, there has developed a community-wide appreciation for the importance of mixing at the smallest scales to geophysical fluid dynamics on all scales. This appreciation has spawned greater participation in the investigation of ocean mixing and new ways to measure it. These are welcome developments given the tremendous separation in scales between the basins, [Formula: see text]) m, and the turbulence, [Formula: see text]) m, and the fact that turbulence that leads to thermodynamically irreversible mixing in high-Reynolds-number geophysical flows varies by at least eight orders of magnitude in both space and time. In many cases, it is difficult to separate the dependencies because measurements are sparse, also in both space and time. Comprehensive shipboard turbulence profiling experiments supplemented by Doppler sonar current measurements provide detailed observations of the evolution of the vertical structure of upper-ocean turbulence on timescales of minutes to weeks. Recent technical developments now permit measurements of turbulence in the ocean, at least at a few locations, for extended periods. This review summarizes recent and classic results in the context of our expanding knowledge of the temporal variability of ocean mixing, beginning with a discussion of the timescales of the turbulence itself (seconds to minutes) and how turbulence-enhanced mixing varies over hours, days, tidal cycles, monsoons, seasons, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation timescales (years).","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-122846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38097193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15