Annual Review of Marine Science最新文献_第10页

Ventilation of the Southern Ocean Pycnocline. 南大洋背斜的通风。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2022-01-03 Epub Date: 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011012

Adele K Morrison, Darryn W Waugh, Andrew McC Hogg, Daniel C Jones, Ryan P Abernathey

{"title":"Ventilation of the Southern Ocean Pycnocline.","authors":"Adele K Morrison, Darryn W Waugh, Andrew McC Hogg, Daniel C Jones, Ryan P Abernathey","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011012","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean ventilation is the transfer of tracers and young water from the surface down into the ocean interior. The tracers that can be transported to depth include anthropogenic heat and carbon, both of which are critical to understanding future climate trajectories. Ventilation occurs in both high- and midlatitude regions, but it is the southern midlatitudes that are responsible for the largest fraction of anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake; such Southern Ocean ventilation is the focus of this review. Southern Ocean ventilation occurs through a chain of interconnected mechanisms, including the zonally averaged meridional overturning circulation, localized subduction, eddy-driven mixing along isopycnals, and lateral transport by subtropical gyres. To unravel the complex pathways of ventilation and reconcile conflicting results, here we assess the relative contribution of each of thesemechanisms, emphasizing the three-dimensional and temporally varying nature of the ventilation of the Southern Ocean pycnocline. We conclude that Southern Ocean ventilation depends on multiple processes and that simplified frameworks that explain ventilation changes through a single process are insufficient.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"14 ","pages":"405-430"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39347899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The Biogeochemistry of Marine Polysaccharides: Sources, Inventories, and Bacterial Drivers of the Carbohydrate Cycle. 海洋多糖的生物地球化学:碳水化合物循环的来源、库存和细菌驱动。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-012810

C Arnosti, M Wietz, T Brinkhoff, J-H Hehemann, D Probandt, L Zeugner, R Amann

{"title":"The Biogeochemistry of Marine Polysaccharides: Sources, Inventories, and Bacterial Drivers of the Carbohydrate Cycle.","authors":"C Arnosti, M Wietz, T Brinkhoff, J-H Hehemann, D Probandt, L Zeugner, R Amann","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-012810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-012810","url":null,"abstract":"Polysaccharides are major components of macroalgal and phytoplankton biomass and constitute a large fraction of the organic matter produced and degraded in the ocean. Until recently, however, our knowledge of marine polysaccharides was limited due to their great structural complexity, the correspondingly complicated enzymatic machinery used by microbial communities to degrade them, and a lack of readily applied means to isolate andcharacterize polysaccharides in detail. Advances in carbohydrate chemistry, bioinformatics, molecular ecology, and microbiology have led to new insights into the structures of polysaccharides, the means by which they are degraded by bacteria, and the ecology of polysaccharide production and decomposition. Here, we survey current knowledge, discuss recent advances, and present a new conceptual model linking polysaccharide structural complexity and abundance to microbially driven mechanisms of polysaccharide processing. We conclude by highlighting specific future research foci that will shed light on this central but poorly characterized component of the marine carbon cycle.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"81-108"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-012810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38205376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

New Microbial Biodiversity in Marine Sediments. 海洋沉积物中新的微生物多样性。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-014552

Brett J Baker, Kathryn E Appler, Xianzhe Gong

{"title":"New Microbial Biodiversity in Marine Sediments.","authors":"Brett J Baker, Kathryn E Appler, Xianzhe Gong","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-014552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-014552","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes in marine sediments represent a large portion of the biosphere, and resolving their ecology is crucial for understanding global ocean processes. Single-gene diversity surveys have revealed several uncultured lineages that are widespread in ocean sediments and whose ecological roles are unknown, and advancements in the computational analysis of increasingly large genomic data sets have made it possible to reconstruct individual genomes from complex microbial communities. Using these metagenomic approaches to characterize sediments is transforming our view of microbial communities on the ocean floor and the biodiversity of the planet. In recent years, marine sediments have been a prominent source of new lineages in the tree of life. The incorporation of these lineages into existing phylogenies has revealed that many belong to distinct phyla, including archaeal phyla that are advancing our understanding of the origins of cellular complexity and eukaryotes. Detailed comparisons of the metabolic potentials of these new lineages have made it clear that uncultured bacteria and archaea are capable of mediating key previously undescribed steps in carbon and nutrient cycling.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"161-175"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-032020-014552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38221839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Ocean Optimism: Moving Beyond the Obituaries in Marine Conservation. 海洋乐观主义:超越海洋保护的讣告。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608

Nancy Knowlton

引用次数: 31

The Hydrodynamics of Jellyfish Swimming. 水母游泳的流体动力学。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442

John H Costello, Sean P Colin, John O Dabiri, Brad J Gemmell, Kelsey N Lucas, Kelly R Sutherland

{"title":"The Hydrodynamics of Jellyfish Swimming.","authors":"John H Costello, Sean P Colin, John O Dabiri, Brad J Gemmell, Kelsey N Lucas, Kelly R Sutherland","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442","url":null,"abstract":"Jellyfish have provided insight into important components of animal propulsion, such as suction thrust, passive energy recapture, vortex wall effects, and the rotational mechanics of turning. These traits are critically important to jellyfish because they must propel themselves despite severe limitations on force production imposed by rudimentary cnidarian muscular structures. Consequently, jellyfish swimming can occur only by careful orchestration of fluid interactions. Yet these mechanics may be more broadly instructive because they also characterize processes shared with other animal swimmers, whose structural and neurological complexity can obscure these interactions. In comparison with other animal models, the structural simplicity, comparative energetic efficiency, and ease of use in laboratory experimentation allow jellyfish to serve as favorable test subjects for exploration of the hydrodynamic bases of animal propulsion. These same attributes also make jellyfish valuable models for insight into biomimetic or bioinspired engineeringof swimming vehicles. Here, we review advances in understanding of propulsive mechanics derived from jellyfish models as a pathway toward the application of animal mechanics to vehicle designs.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"375-396"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38097192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota. 海洋生物群胞外活性氧的产生。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550

Colleen M Hansel, Julia M Diaz

{"title":"Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Marine Biota.","authors":"Colleen M Hansel, Julia M Diaz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced ubiquitously across the tree of life. Far from being synonymous with toxicity and harm, biological ROS production is increasingly recognized for its essential functions in signaling, growth, biological interactions, and physiochemical defense systems in a diversity of organisms, spanning microbes to mammals. Part of this shift in thinking can be attributed to the wide phylogenetic distribution of specialized mechanisms for ROS production, such as NADPH oxidases, which decouple intracellular and extracellular ROS pools by directly catalyzing the reduction of oxygen in the surrounding aqueous environment. Furthermore, biological ROS production contributes substantially to natural fluxes of ROS in the ocean, thereby influencing the fate of carbon, metals, oxygen, and climate-relevant gases. Here, we review the taxonomic diversity, mechanisms, and roles of extracellular ROS production in marine bacteria, phytoplankton, seaweeds, and corals, highlighting the ecological and biogeochemical influences of this fundamental and remarkably widespread process.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"177-200"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-041320-102550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38502449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Physiological Responses of Fish to Oil Spills. 鱼类对石油泄漏的生理反应。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802

Martin Grosell, Christina Pasparakis

{"title":"Physiological Responses of Fish to Oil Spills.","authors":"Martin Grosell, Christina Pasparakis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of tons of oil are spilled in aquatic environments every decade, and this oil has the potential to greatly impact fish populations. Here, we review available information on the physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish. Oil toxicity affects multiple biological systems, including cardiac function, cholesterol biosynthesis, peripheral and central nervous system function, the stress response, and osmoregulatory and acid-base balance processes. We propose that cholesterol depletion may be a significant contributor to impacts on cardiac, neuronal, and synaptic function as well as reduced cortisol production and release. Furthermore, it is possible that intracellular calcium homeostasis-a part of cardiotoxic and neuronal function that is affected by oil exposure-may be related to cholesterol depletion. A detailed understanding of oil impacts and affected physiological processes is emerging, but knowledge of their combined effects on fish in natural habitats is largely lacking. We identify key areas deserving attention in future research.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"137-160"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-040120-094802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38225451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Marine Parasites and Disease in the Era of Global Climate Change. 全球气候变化时代的海洋寄生虫和疾病。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429

James E Byers

{"title":"Marine Parasites and Disease in the Era of Global Climate Change.","authors":"James E Byers","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change affects ecological processes and interactions, including parasitism. Because parasites are natural components of ecological systems, as well as agents of outbreak and disease-induced mortality, it is important to summarize current knowledge of the sensitivity of parasites to climate and identify how to better predict their responses to it. This need is particularly great in marine systems, where the responses of parasites to climate variables are less well studied than those in other biomes. As examples of climate's influence on parasitism increase, they enable generalizations of expected responses as well as insight into useful study approaches, such as thermal performance curves that compare the vital rates of hosts and parasites when exposed to several temperatures across a gradient. For parasites not killed by rising temperatures, some simple physiological rules, including the tendency of temperature to increase the metabolism of ectotherms and increase oxygen stress on hosts, suggest that parasites' intensity and pathologies might increase. In addition to temperature, climate-induced changes in dissolved oxygen, ocean acidity, salinity, and host and parasite distributions also affect parasitism and disease, but these factors are much less studied. Finally, because parasites are constituents of ecological communities, we must consider indirect and secondary effects stemming from climate-induced changes in host-parasite interactions, which may not be evident if these interactions are studied in isolation.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"397-420"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38028855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Incorporating Biological Traits into Conservation Strategies. 将生物特性纳入保护策略。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121

Marta Miatta, Amanda E Bates, Paul V R Snelgrove

{"title":"Incorporating Biological Traits into Conservation Strategies.","authors":"Marta Miatta, Amanda E Bates, Paul V R Snelgrove","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of marine conservation strategies, such as increasing the numbers, extent, and effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), can help achieve conservation and restoration of ocean health and associated goods and services. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of including aspects of ecological functioning in PA design, the physical characteristics of habitats and simple measures of species diversity inform most PA designations. Marine and terrestrial ecologists have recently been using biological traits to assess community dynamics, functioning, and vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. Here, we explore potential trait-based marine applications to advance PA design. We recommend strategies to integrate biological traits into (a) conservation objectives (e.g., by assessing and predicting impacts and vulnerability), (b) PA spatial planning (e.g., mapping ecosystem functions and functional diversity hot spots), and (c) time series monitoring protocols (e.g., using functional traits to detect recoveries). We conclude by emphasizing the need for pragmatic tools to improve the efficacy of spatial planning and monitoring efforts.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"421-443"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38319947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Historical Estimates of Surface Marine Temperatures. 海洋表面温度的历史估计。

IF 17.3 1区地球科学

Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807

Elizabeth C Kent, John J Kennedy

{"title":"Historical Estimates of Surface Marine Temperatures.","authors":"Elizabeth C Kent, John J Kennedy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807","url":null,"abstract":"Surface temperature documents our changing climate, and the marine record represents one of the longest widely distributed, observation-based estimates. Measurements of near-surface marine air temperature and sea-surface temperature have been recorded on platforms ranging from sailing ships to autonomous drifting buoys. The raw observations show an imprint of differing measurement methods and are sparse in certain periods and regions. This review describes how the real signal of global climate change can be determined from these sparse and noisy observations, including the quantification of measurement method-dependent biases and the reduction of spurious signals. Recent progress has come from analysis of the observations at increasing levels of granularity and from accounting for artifacts in the data that depend on platform types, measurement methods, and environmental conditions. Cutting across these effects are others caused by how the data were recorded, transcribed, and archived. These insights will be integrated into the next generation of global products quantified with validated estimates of uncertainty and the dependencies of its correlation structure. Further analysis of these records using improved data, metadata, and methods will certainly uncover more idiosyncrasies and new ways to improve the record.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"283-311"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38778339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14