{"title":"Insights Gained from Including People in Our Models of Nature and Modes of Science","authors":"Anne K. Salomon, Iain McKechnie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-021523-105524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-021523-105524","url":null,"abstract":"Across the natural sciences, humans are typically conceptualized as external disruptors of nature rather than adaptable components of it. Historical evidence, however, challenges this dominant schema. Here, we describe the broad repertoire of ecological functions performed by people in place-based societies across the Pacific Ocean over millennia, illustrating their roles as ecosystem engineers, dispersers, bioturbators, nutrient cyclers, predators, and herbivores. By considering the reciprocal relationships between people and the ecosystems within which they are embedded, evidence of humanity's ability to experiment, learn, adapt, innovate, and sustain diverse and resilient social–ecological relationships emerges. Therefore, recognizing people as inseparable components of marine ecosystems and their millennia of engagement with coastal ocean spaces is critical to both understanding marine ecosystems and devising resilient and equitable ocean policies.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Big Is Big? The Effective Population Size of Marine Bacteria","authors":"Haiwei Luo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-104415","url":null,"abstract":"Genome-reduced bacteria constitute most of the cells in surface-ocean bacterioplankton communities. Their extremely large census population sizes (Nc) have been unfoundedly translated to huge effective population sizes (Ne)—the size of an ideal population carrying as much neutral genetic diversity as the actual population. As Ne scales inversely with the strength of genetic drift, constraining the magnitude of Ne is key to evaluating whether natural selection can overcome the power of genetic drift to drive evolutionary events. Determining the Ne of extant species requires measuring the genomic mutation rate, a challenging step for most genome-reduced bacterioplankton lineages. Results for genome-reduced Prochlorococcus and CHUG are surprising—their Ne values are an order of magnitude lower than those of less abundant lineages carrying large genomes, such as Ruegeria and Vibrio. As bacterioplankton genome reduction commonly occurred in the distant past, appreciating their population genetic mechanisms requires constraining their ancient Ne values by other methods.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic Flux Modeling in Marine Ecosystems","authors":"Helen Scott, Daniel Segrè","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-033718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032123-033718","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean metabolism constitutes a complex, multiscale ensemble of biochemical reaction networks harbored within and between the boundaries of a myriad of organisms. Gaining a quantitative understanding of how these networks operate requires mathematical tools capable of solving in silico the resource allocation problem each cell faces in real life. Toward this goal, stoichiometric modeling of metabolism, such as flux balance analysis, has emerged as a powerful computational tool for unraveling the intricacies of metabolic processes in microbes, microbial communities, and multicellular organisms. Here, we provide an overview of this approach and its applications, future prospects, and practical considerations in the context of marine sciences. We explore how flux balance analysis has been employed to study marine organisms, help elucidate nutrient cycling, and predict metabolic capabilities within diverse marine environments, and highlight future prospects for this field in advancing our knowledge of marine ecosystems and their sustainability.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew L. Kirwan, Holly A. Michael, Keryn B. Gedan, Katherine L. Tully, Sergio Fagherazzi, Nate G. McDowell, Grace D. Molino, Dannielle Pratt, William G. Reay, Stephanie Stotts
{"title":"Feedbacks Regulating the Salinization of Coastal Landscapes","authors":"Matthew L. Kirwan, Holly A. Michael, Keryn B. Gedan, Katherine L. Tully, Sergio Fagherazzi, Nate G. McDowell, Grace D. Molino, Dannielle Pratt, William G. Reay, Stephanie Stotts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-070924-031447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-070924-031447","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of saltwater intrusion on coastal forests and farmland is typically understood as sea-level-driven inundation of a static terrestrial landscape, where ecosystems neither adapt to nor influence saltwater intrusion. Yet recent observations of tree mortality and reduced crop yields have inspired new process-based research into the hydrologic, geomorphic, biotic, and anthropogenic mechanisms involved. We review several negative feedbacks that help stabilize ecosystems in the early stages of salinity stress (e.g., reduced water use and resource competition in surviving trees, soil accretion, and farmland management). However, processes that reduce salinity are often accompanied by increases in hypoxia and other changes that may amplify saltwater intrusion and vegetation shifts after a threshold is exceeded (e.g., subsidence following tree root mortality). This conceptual framework helps explain observed rates of vegetation change that are less than predicted for a static landscape while recognizing the inevitability of large-scale change.","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca L Vega Thurber, Denise Silva, Lauren Speare, Aldo Croquer, Alex J Veglia, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Jesse R Zaneveld, Erinn M Muller, Adrienne M S Correa
{"title":"Coral Disease: Direct and Indirect Agents, Mechanisms of Disease, and Innovations for Increasing Resistance and Resilience.","authors":"Rebecca L Vega Thurber, Denise Silva, Lauren Speare, Aldo Croquer, Alex J Veglia, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Jesse R Zaneveld, Erinn M Muller, Adrienne M S Correa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-011123-102337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-011123-102337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As climate change drives health declines of tropical reef species, diseases are further eroding ecosystem function and habitat resilience. Coral disease impacts many areas around the world, removing some foundation species to recorded low levels and thwarting worldwide efforts to restore reefs. What we know about coral disease processes remains insufficient to overcome many current challenges in reef conservation, yet cumulative research and management practices are revealing new disease agents (including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes), genetic host disease resistance factors, and innovative methods to prevent and mitigate epizootic events (probiotics, antibiotics, and disease resistance breeding programs). The recent outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease across the Caribbean has reenergized and mobilized the research community to think bigger and do more. This review therefore focuses largely on novel emerging insights into the causes and mechanisms of coral disease and their applications to coral restoration and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madelaine G Rosevear, Bishakhdatta Gayen, Catherine A Vreugdenhil, Benjamin K Galton-Fenzi
{"title":"How Does the Ocean Melt Antarctic Ice Shelves?","authors":"Madelaine G Rosevear, Bishakhdatta Gayen, Catherine A Vreugdenhil, Benjamin K Galton-Fenzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-074354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-074354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical barriers to melt ice shelves, with the last of these being the ice-ocean boundary layer. This review summarizes the current understanding of ice-ocean boundary-layer dynamics, focusing on recent progress from laboratory experiments, turbulence-resolving numerical simulations, novel observations, and the application to large-scale simulations. The complex interplay between buoyant meltwater and external processes such as current shear leads to the emergence of several melting regimes that we describe, as well as freezing processes. The remaining challenges include developing new parameterizations for large-scale ice-ocean models based on recent advances and understanding the coevolution of melt and basal topography.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Serendipity of Discovery: Life of a Geochemist.","authors":"Willard S Moore","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-103645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-103645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>My strategy for writing this autobiography is to use examples of how working on seemingly different projects can often lead to outcomes more important than originally envisioned. Serendipity is a happy accident-specifically, the accident of discovering something useful without directly looking for it. This often occurs when two research projects converge unexpectedly. The main text contains examples of how serendipity has led me to important discoveries, including (<i>a</i>) finding surprisingly high 228Ra activities in the ocean; (<i>b</i>) developing a means of rapidly and quantitatively extracting radium from seawater; (<i>c</i>) devising a rapid, sensitive method of measuring 224Ra and 223Ra; (<i>d</i>) realizing the scale and biogeochemical importance of submarine groundwater discharge; and (<i>e</i>) conceiving a method to estimate the total flux of submarine groundwater discharge to the Atlantic Ocean. The <b>Supplemental Material</b> fleshes out details of these discoveries and places them in the context of my other investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Douglas J McCauley, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Barbara A Block, Kyle C Cavanaugh, Hannah C Cubaynes, Elliott L Hazen, Chuanmin Hu, David Kroodsma, Jiwei Li, Hillary S Young
{"title":"Improving Ocean Management Using Insights from Space.","authors":"Douglas J McCauley, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Barbara A Block, Kyle C Cavanaugh, Hannah C Cubaynes, Elliott L Hazen, Chuanmin Hu, David Kroodsma, Jiwei Li, Hillary S Young","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-120619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-050823-120619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in space-based ocean observation and computational data processing techniques have demonstrated transformative value for managing living resources, biodiversity, and ecosystems of the ocean. We synthesize advancements in leveraging satellite-derived insights to better understand and manage fishing, an emerging revolution of marine industrialization, ocean hazards, sea surface dynamics, benthic ecosystems, wildlife via electronic tracking, and direct observations of ocean megafauna. We consider how diverse space-based data sources can be better coupled to modernize and improve ocean management. We also highlight examples of how data from space can be developed into tools that can aid marine decision-makers managing subjects from whales to algae. Thoughtful and prospective engagement with such technologies from those inside and outside the marine remote sensing community is, however, essential to ensure that these tools meet their full potential to strengthen the effectiveness of ocean management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian R Voolstra, Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Sebastian Staab, Amy Apprill, Jean-Baptiste Raina
{"title":"Standardized Methods to Assess the Impacts of Thermal Stress on Coral Reef Marine Life.","authors":"Christian R Voolstra, Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Sebastian Staab, Amy Apprill, Jean-Baptiste Raina","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-032223-024511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032223-024511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Earth's oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the excess, climate change-induced atmospheric heat. The resulting rise in oceanic temperatures affects all species and can lead to the collapse of marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Here, we review the range of methods used to measure thermal stress impacts on reef-building corals, highlighting current standardization practices and necessary refinements to fast-track discoveries and improve interstudy comparisons. We also present technological developments that will undoubtedly enhance our ability to record and analyze standardized data. Although we use corals as an example, the methods described are widely employed in marine sciences, and our recommendations therefore apply to all species and ecosystems. Enhancing collaborative data collection efforts, implementing field-wide standardized protocols, and ensuring data availability through dedicated, openly accessible databases will enable large-scale analysis and monitoring of ecosystem changes, improving our predictive capacities and informing active intervention to mitigate climate change effects on marine life.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Desiccation and Catastrophic Refilling of the Mediterranean: 50 Years of Facts, Hypotheses, and Myths Around the Messinian Salinity Crisis.","authors":"Marco Roveri, Stefano Lugli, Vinicio Manzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-marine-021723-110155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-021723-110155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to some authors, the Messinian salinity crisis was ended by a giant waterfall or megaflood 5.33 million years ago, when the Atlantic Ocean reconnected in a catastrophic way with the desiccated Mediterranean, creating the Strait of Gibraltar. An erosional surface deeply cutting upper Miocene or older rocks and sealed by lower Pliocene sediments is the geological feature that inspired this fascinating hypothesis. The hypothesis, which recalls several ancient myths, is well established in the scientific community and often considered to be a fact. However, several studies are suggesting that the Atlantic-Mediterranean connection through the Strait of Gibraltar was probably active before and during the entire Messinian salinity crisis. This allows us to consider the possibility that long-lived, more gradual physical processes were responsible for the evolution of the strait, opening the idea of a nondesiccated Mediterranean Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":55508,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Marine Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}