Archives of Iranian Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Russian Flu in Iran from 1889 to 1894.","authors":"Seyyed Alireza Golshani, Ghobad Mansourbakht, Ghazaleh Mosleh","doi":"10.34172/aim.33524","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.33524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 'Russian flu,' also referred to as the 'Asiatic flu,' spread globally between 1889 and 1894. According to estimates from international organizations, this epidemic resulted in the deaths of approximately one million individuals. However, there is no information available on the exact number of deaths in Iran. The earliest outbreak of the epidemic was reported in May 1889 in Bukhara, Central Asia, which was part of the Russian Empire. The Russian Railway facilitated the spread of the epidemic from Siberia to the easternmost regions of Russia, westward to Moscow, and subsequently to countries such as China, Sweden, Finland, and Western Europe, eventually reaching the United States and Argentina. It subsequently spread from southern Russia to the South Caucasus and Baku, then moved into Iran from the north, northeast, and northwest, suddenly appearing in cities such as Bandar Anzali, Sari, Rasht, Mashhad, Tabriz, Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, and Kerman. The epidemic caused unexpected casualties in the country and startled both modern and traditional physicians. Notably, this epidemic, which appeared in Iran in two waves during 1890 and 1892, was somewhat mitigated due to the country's insufficient transportation infrastructure. As Tehran and Tabriz were either overpopulated or closer to Russia, doctors in these cities witnessed more cases of the Russian flu, prompting them to write several medical dissertations on this epidemic. This study examines the Russian flu in Iran as documented in historical, journalistic, and medical records.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Trend of Mortality, Life Expectancy and Excessive Death with Emphasis on the Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the Isfahan Province: A Cross-sectional Study of Join Point Regression Analysis 2011-2021.","authors":"Maziyar Mollaei Pardeh, Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian, Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Golrokh Atighechian, Afshin Ebrahimi, Andishe Hamedi, Mohamad Reza Maracy","doi":"10.34172/aim.31306","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.31306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comparing the trends of mortality rates provides valuable insight for policy discussions and promotes awareness of health issues. This study aimed to investigate the changes in mortality rate and life expectancy from 2011 to 2021 and the effect of COVID-19 period on these indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the data of all-cause deaths between 2011 and 2021 by age group, sex and year using Excel spreadsheets from the National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR), via collected the census method. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the trend of mortality rate during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, there were 262,708 deaths, of which 148,919 were men (56.68%). The trend of mortality rate in both sexes has been increasing. Life expectancy in men and women decreased from 76.71 and 80.82 in 2011 to 74.43 and 77.53 in 2021, respectively. From 2018 to 2021, there was a significant increase in standardized mortality rate in men (APC=14.74; 95% CI=5.73; 28.65) and women (APC=14.29; 95% CI=4.67; 28.97). However, from 2011 to 2018, we observed a yearly 2.65% decreasing trend in men which was statistically significant (APC=-2.95, 95% CI=-7.67, -0.84). In women, no significant trend was seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2019, the trend of mortality rate and life expectancy changed completely, with additional deaths and decreasing life expectancy. Therefore, prevention, control and treatment of epidemic diseases should be a serious concern of policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Iran with a Decrease in the Total Fertility Rate.","authors":"Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Seyed Parsa Dehghani","doi":"10.34172/aim.33643","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.33643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"255-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Low-Dose Aspirin on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Wei Wang, Guowei Chang","doi":"10.34172/aim.33275","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.33275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy disorder linked to high maternal and neonatal mortality. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin in reducing the occurrence of preeclampsia and associated outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28 trials were included, analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The studies compared low-dose aspirin administered at or before 16 weeks of gestation to a control group. The measured parameters are the effect of low-dose aspirin on pregnancy outcomes. Study inclusion criteria consisted of studies in which low-dose aspirin was administrated at or before 16 weeks of gestation and compared to a control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low-dose aspirin significantly reduced preterm (RR=0.52, 95% CI [0.31, 0.88]) and term preeclampsia (RR=0.97, 95% CI [0.69, 1.38]). It also decreased intrauterine growth restriction (RR=0.63, 95% CI [0.54, 0.74]). However, no significant differences were observed for postpartum hemorrhage (RR=0.71, 95% CI [0.49, 1.02]) or gestational hypertension (RR=0.65, 95% CI [0.39, 1.07]). Aspirin doses≥100 mg were more effective in reducing preterm preeclampsia risk compared to doses<100 mg, which showed variable efficacy and greater heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-dose aspirin significantly decreases the risk of preterm and term preeclampsia but has limited impact on gestational hypertension and postpartum bleeding. Study limitations include the absence of large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) early in pregnancy (before 16 weeks) and small sample sizes in the included trials, complicating precise dose determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Cerebral Artery Occlusion Following Levantine Viper (<i>Macrovipera lebetina</i>) Bite: Gács Sign in Snakebite.","authors":"Seyed Mostafa Mirakbari, Reza Gorji","doi":"10.34172/aim.31131","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.31131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute cerebral thrombotic stroke following a viper snakebite is a rare occurrence. There have been a few documented cases of cerebral infarctions resulting from envenomation by various viper species. However, none of these reports have specifically detailed instances of stroke induced by <i>Macrovipera lebetina</i> envenomation or vessel occlusion without concurrent cerebral infarction. In this study, we present a case of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in a 56-year-old man who was bitten by a <i>Macrovipera</i> or <i>Vipera lebetina</i> snake. The individual experienced a snakebite on his right foot, leading to subsequent seizure activity and loss of consciousness. Non-contrast computed tomography scan of the brain revealed hyperattenuation of the right MCA, indicating clot occlusion within the artery, commonly referred to as hyperdense MCA sign or Gács sign.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"240-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Prospects for Surrogacy in Iran as a Pioneer Islamic Country in this Field.","authors":"Mohammad Haddadi, Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Parisa Hajari, Roya Rashid Pouraie, Mir Yasha Hadiani, Gholam Reza Habibi, Nasim Eshraghi, Marjan Ghaemi","doi":"10.34172/aim.33920","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.33920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"252-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Management Processes and Individual Differences: A Validation Study of P-Weight and S-Weight in Farsi.","authors":"Zahra Gohari Dezfuli, Minoo Hasan Rashedi, Mina Araminejad, Keyvan Karimi, Ensieh Sadat Mansouri, Tohid Seif Barghi, Amir-Hossein Memari","doi":"10.34172/aim.33513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.33513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern, making weight management a crucial aspect of overall health and well-being. Indeed, effective tools to facilitate behavior change are essential for achieving long-term success in managing weight. This study aimed to validate the Farsi versions of the S-weight and P-weight questionnaires to support personalized weight management by assessing specific aspects of psychological readiness, including motivation, self-regulation, emotional reappraisal (EmR), and environmental restructuring (EnR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted. The study included 455 adults aged 17-65, excluding those undergoing invasive weight-loss interventions. The measured variables included EmR, weight consequence evaluation (WCE), weight management actions (WMA), and EnR, which were assessed using structured Likert-scale questionnaires. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, with reliability evaluated via Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Statistical significance was set at <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaires showed strong validity and reliability (KMO=0.91; Bartlett's test χ²=3999.75; <i>P</i><0.001). Overweight and obese participants scored significantly higher in change processes than normal-weight participants (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validated instruments provide a reliable means of tailoring weight management strategies based on psychological readiness, potentially improving long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced Lactation in Non-gestational Mothers in Iran: Outcomes and Predictors of Breastfeeding Success.","authors":"Seyed Alireza Marandi, Nahid Ezzeddin Zanjani, Mahmood Ravari, Mojgan Mazloom, Ziba Mohammad Khanlou, Amir Kasaeian","doi":"10.34172/aim.33516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.33516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Induced lactation allows non-gestational mothers, such as those adopting or using surrogacy, to breastfeed their children. While widely practiced in various contexts, little research exists on its application in Iran. This study aimed to assess the success and duration of induced lactation in Iranian mothers without prior pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive-analytical study was conducted between 2013 and 2021, recruiting mothers who became parents through surrogacy or adoption. Participants followed a protocol using hormonal (combined oral contraceptives, domperidone) and non-hormonal methods (breast stimulation). Data on breastfeeding duration, exclusivity, and reasons for cessation were collected through regular follow-up. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess factors influencing breastfeeding duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 117 mothers, 100 breastfed for<180 days and 17 for≥180 days. The median breastfeeding duration was significantly longer in the≥180 days group (240 days vs. 30 days, <i>P</i><0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding up to 120 days was much more common in the≥180 days group (70.60% vs. 24%, <i>P</i><0.001) while biological reasons were the primary cause of cessation in both groups but with different frequencies (100% vs. 75%, <i>P</i>=0.022). The results of logistic regression showed that exclusive breastfeeding for 120 days increased the likelihood of successful breastfeeding for≥180 days (OR: 5.72 (1.76‒18.61), <i>P</i>=0.004) adjusting for mother's age (1.02 (0.92‒1.12), <i>P</i>=0.755), duration of Domperidone use (1.01 (0.98‒1.04), <i>P</i>=0.536), duration of LD use (1.04 (0.95‒1.15), <i>P</i>=0.366), and reason for stopping breastfeeding (7.02 (0.39‒125.30), <i>P</i>=0.185).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first Iranian study on induced lactation underscores the role of early exclusive breastfeeding in extending breastfeeding duration. Pharmacological support aids in initiating lactation, but long-term success relies on consistent breastfeeding practices. These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored guidelines and support for non-gestational mothers in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retro-orbital Metastasis in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review.","authors":"Tanju Kapagan, Nilufer Bulut, Mehmet Halıcı, Gokmen Umut Erdem","doi":"10.34172/aim.31231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.31231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We present a case of a 61-year-old male with ChRCC who exhibited unusual metastasis to the retro-orbital area, a site rarely affected by RCC. The patient experienced diplopia and proptosis, prompting treatment with sunitinib and palliative radiotherapy. Remarkably, rapid improvement in ocular symptoms was observed following radiotherapy. Despite this localized response, the patient's overall condition deteriorated, highlighting the aggressive nature of ChRCC. This case underscores the importance of considering ChRCC in metastatic presentations and the potential efficacy of local palliative interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"171-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Professionals in Iran: A Tragic Wake-Up Call.","authors":"Maryam Modabber, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki","doi":"10.34172/aim.33548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.33548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"177-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}