Archives of Iranian Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Innate Immune System Biomarkers in Asthma in Older Age: A Mini Review.","authors":"Fatemeh Zamani, Rasoul Nasiri Kalmarzi, Khaled Fathizadeh, Naseh Sigari, Sabah Hasani, Ramin Lotfi, Abbas Khosravi","doi":"10.34172/aim.34410","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma in older adults represents a growing and underrecognized clinical challenge, characterized by increased morbidity, mortality, and complex immunological alterations associated with aging. Although the global literature on asthma immunopathogenesis continues to expand rapidly, particularly in the areas of immunosenescence, inflammaging, and biomarker discovery, a focused synthesis of innate immune mechanisms specific to older populations remains limited. Epidemiological data indicate that asthma prevalence in individuals aged≥60 years ranges from 4% to 13%, yet this group accounts for a disproportionate share of asthma-related mortality. Age-associated physiological changes, comorbidities, and frequent underdiagnosis contribute to poorer outcomes. Emerging evidence from academic research centers highlights profound age-related alterations in epithelial integrity, neutrophil and macrophage function, cytokine regulation, and innate immune receptor signaling, resulting in asthma phenotypes that differ fundamentally from those seen in younger patients. In parallel, advances in biomarker research (including inflammatory mediators, cellular signatures, and epigenetic markers) offer new opportunities for improved phenotyping and precision management in elderly asthma. This mini-review synthesizes contemporary findings from reputable academic studies to summarize key innate immune alterations and candidate biomarkers relevant to asthma in older adults. By consolidating current evidence within a rapidly evolving field, this review aims to provide a clinically meaningful framework for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand immune aging in asthma and to guide future investigation and targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of the Kidney: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Recep Bedir, Selim Yazar","doi":"10.34172/aim.34620","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary renal chondroblastic variant of osteosarcoma is an exceedingly rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. This report details the case of a 40-year-old female presenting with flank pain diagnosed with primary renal osteosarcoma. We outline the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of this tumor, along with current therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sanctions on Divorce in Iran: A Social Challenge.","authors":"Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Fatemeh Rezaei, Andishe Hamedi","doi":"10.34172/aim.35251","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.35251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"131-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of IBDcQ-8 Questionnaire.","authors":"Setareh Moallem, Masoud M Malekzadeh, Amir Kasaeian, Sudabeh Alatab, Alireza Sima, Mitra Ahadi, Ali Bahari, Homayoun Vahedi, Reza Malekzadeh","doi":"10.34172/aim.36812","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.36812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 8-item Inflammatory Bowel Disease control Questionnaire-8 (IBDcQ-8) is a patient-reported measure designed to capture the core domains of disease control and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the IBDcQ-8 in the Iranian IBD population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standardized forward-backward translation procedure was employed to adapt the questionnaire into Persian. Content validity was evaluated through structured interviews with a panel of 10 evaluators. Construct validity was examined by structured interview and clinical visits of 101 patients. Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI), partial Mayo score, and IBD Questionnaire (IBDQ) were used as comparator instruments. Patients' responses were compared with clinical global assessment, Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI), partial Mayo score, IBDQ score , and laboratory markers using Spearman's rank correlation. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two subsequent interviews. A <i>P</i>-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Half of the subjects (n=51 (50.5%)) were female. The mean age was 38 years (SD=14). Sixty-seven patients (66%) had UC. IBDcQ-8 scores showed strong correlations with HBI and IBDQ, and moderate correlations with the partial Mayo score, CRP, and clinical evaluation at the first visit (<i>P</i>-value<0.05). Agreement was excellent for one-day follow-up (ICC=0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89, <i>P</i><0.001), and moderate for two-week follow-up (ICC=0.61, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Persian version of the IBDcQ-8 questionnaire demonstrated robust validity and acceptable reliability even when administered by telephone interview, supporting its usefulness for evaluating disease-specific quality of life in patients with IBD and its applicability in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Trend of Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Cross-sectional Study in Northern Iran (2016-2023).","authors":"Amirhossein Alizadeh-Nodehi, Mohammad-Ali Jahani, Pouyan Ebrahimi, Amir-Hossein Lashkarbolouki, Amin Esmaeilnia Shirvani, Ali Ramzaninezhad, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht","doi":"10.34172/aim.34939","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cerebrovascular disorders (CeVDs) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. This study aims to analyze the trends in mortality due to CeVDs in northern Iran between 2016 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we included all documented Deaths due to CeVDs in Babol County, north of Iran, from 2016 to 2023. The crude mortality rate (CMR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) were used to assess the trends in CeVDs mortality. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and Joinpoint regression were employed to analyze the changes in disease trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 1,798 deaths from CeVDs were reported, with a mean age of 76.8±13.2 years. The CMR and ASMR for CeVDs decreased from 38.4 and 28.3 per 100,000 population in 2016 to 30.9 and 23.3 per 100,000 in 2023 (<i>P</i><0.001). The trend decreased in both genders and urban and rural populations (<i>P</i><0.05). Joinpoint regression indicated a break point in 2018. Between 2018 and 2023, the ASMR trend decreased, with an annual percentage change of -7.98% (95% CI, -18.72% to -4.88%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals a significant decrease in CeVDs mortality in the region, indicating progress in therapeutic interventions. However, death rates in rural areas remain high. Addressing this condition requires targeted approaches and increased resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison in Patients' Adherence, Adverse Effects, and Clinical Outcomes Among Liver Transplant Recipients Using Immediate-Release Tacrolimus (Prograf^®) Versus Extended-Release Tacrolimus (Advagraf^®): First Report from Iran.","authors":"Mojtaba Shafiekhani, Mohamad Mahdi Mahmoudi, Hasan Rostami, Alireza Shamsaeefar, Sahar Sohrabi Nazari, Marziyeh Doostfatemeh, Fatemeh Alishavandi, Mohamad Sadegh Rajabian, Hamed Nikoupour","doi":"10.34172/aim.34896","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medication adherence is a crucial factor in liver transplant patients' improvement of quality of life and survival rates and reduction of allograft rejection. Tacrolimus plays a pivotal role in post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy, which is available both as twice-daily immediate-release tacrolimus (Prograf®) and once-daily extended-release tacrolimus (Advagraf®). This study compared adherence, adverse effects, and clinical outcomes between patients using once-daily extended-release tacrolimus (ERT; Advagraf®) and twice-daily immediate-release tacrolimus (IRT; Prograf®) in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study involved eligible adult liver transplant recipients at least six months post-transplant, prescribed either Prograf® or Advagraf® as part of their immunosuppressive regimen. The primary outcome was the change in adherence from baseline to six months. Patient adherence was assessed using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (BAASIS) at baseline and 6 months. The dose-to-concentration ratio of tacrolimus, potential side effects, and intra-patient variability were assessed at baseline and at one-month and six-month follow-ups. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, medical records review, pharmacy database exploration, and phone surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline adherence was similar between the groups (Prograf® 48.5% vs. Advagraf® 41.2%, <i>P</i>=0.39). At six months, the ERT (Advagraf®) group was associated with higher adherence rates in adjusted analysis (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.8). Factors significantly associated with higher adherence included older age (AOR: 1.05 per year, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09) and shorter time since transplant (AOR: 0.98 per month, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99). The ERT group also reported a lower incidence of hand tremors (15% vs. 32%, <i>P</i>=0.015). Trough levels, dose/concentration ratios, and renal function were comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this observational study, the once-daily Advagraf® formulation was associated with significantly better medication adherence and a lower reported incidence of tremors compared to twice-daily Prograf®. These findings should be interpreted in the context of the study's non-randomized design and potential confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Medicine Specialists' Understanding of Stressful Conditions and Coping strategies: A qualitative content analysis.","authors":"Hossein Ardalan, Behzad Zohrevandi, Venus Valiani, Nazanin Noori Roodsari, Leila Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati, Naema Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh","doi":"10.34172/aim.35116","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.35116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The stressors in emergency medicine and the coping strategies that can help decrease stress have not been well understood. Therefore, our aim was to explain to emergency medicine specialists the perceived stressors and useful coping strategies in the emergency departments in 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study is a conventional qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Data were collected using open-ended, semi-structured individual interviews. The participants were emergency medicine specialists of all medical universities in the country. The contents were analyzed using the Graham and Longman content analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 19 participants, the majority were in the 40- to 49-year age group, married, and male. The majority were assistant professors and associate professors of medicine with 10 to 19 years of work experience, who underwent virtual interviews. The participants' statements revealed three stressor categories with 15 subcategories: individual stressors, concurrent stressors, and collateral stressors. In addition, three stress-reducing coping strategies categories with 15 subcategories were extracted: active individual adaptation, treatment optimization, and receiving support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The medical field is inherently stressful, but not all stressors faced by medical professionals are individual in nature. Some stressors occur simultaneously and laterally that are not individual but organizational and environmental. The coping strategies explained were active personal adaptation, optimizing treatment, and receiving support. In other words, in addition to the need for medicine to actively resolve damaging stressors with individual self-care, medicine needs comprehensive internal and external support.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alarming Status of the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth (DMFT) Index in Iran: Challenges and Solutions.","authors":"Sanaz Amiri, Seyed Parsa Dehghani, Habibollah Azarbakhsh","doi":"10.34172/aim.34930","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"129-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure in Adults Aged 45 Years and Above From 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2045: A Systematic and Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Qian Yu, Yuan Tian, Shuang Shen, Yi Yan, Xin Liu, Zhining Liu","doi":"10.34172/aim.34957","DOIUrl":"10.34172/aim.34957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) being a major modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to assess global trends, age- and SDI-specific patterns, and future projections of the stroke burden attributable to HSBP among adults aged≥45 years from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) were analyzed across sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI) strata. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify temporal trends, and the ARIMA model was applied for projections to 2045.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, global HSBP-attributable stroke deaths and DALYs among adults aged≥45 years reached 4.12 million and 86.18 million, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the number of deaths increased by 51.5% and DALYs by 47.9%, despite declines in ASMR (EAPC=-1.72) and ASDR (EAPC=-1.61). Mortality and DALY rates increased with age in all SDI regions, peaking at 70-79 years, with low-SDI regions showing the highest rates and an earlier peak age. High-SDI regions recorded the lowest burden and largest declines in ASMR and ASDR. Projections indicate a continued global decline in mortality rates through 2045, with a faster reduction in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the global age-standardized burden of HSBP-attributable stroke has declined, absolute cases continue to rise, especially among older adults and in low-SDI regions, highlighting the need for targeted prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"98-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessement of Survival and its Affecting Factors in Adult Liver Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Malihe Safari, Javad Faradmal, Sina Mohagheghi, Zohreh Khajehahmadi, Saman Nikeghbalian, Ghodratollah Roshanaei","doi":"10.34172/aim.34367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.34367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality among adults worldwide. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure and has shown considerable success, particularly in high-volume centers in developing countries. Numerous factors can influence long-term survival following LT. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with survival among adult liver transplant recipients at Namazi Hospital, Shiraz between 2001 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 3712 adult patients who underwent liver transplantation for advanced liver failure. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. Cox regression models were used to assess factors associated with post-transplant survival. Data was analyzed using the SPSS and R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3712 patients, 742 (20%) died during follow-up. Also, 2348 (63.3%) patients were male, and the mean (SD) age was 42.3 (13.2) years (range: 19-74 years). In the multivariable Cox model, re-transplantation, older recipient and donor age, higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and certain etiologies of liver disease were significantly associated with poorer survival. Conversely, transplantation performed in 2010 or later was independently associated with improved survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older recipient, donor age, and higher MELD score were independently associated with higher mortality after liver transplantation. Patients transplanted from 2010 onward experienced better survival, reflecting advancements in transplant care over time. Additionally, compared to acute liver failure (ALF), etiologies such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Budd-Chiari syndrome, cryptogenic liver disease, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) were associated with significantly lower mortality risk and improved long-term survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":55469,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Iranian Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}