Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献

{"title":"Is perception personal?","authors":"John Kingston","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03340-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03340-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Listeners’ responses in speech perception experiments often differ from one another. A central question is whether those differences should be attributed to the ephemeral circumstances in which the listener participated or to the listener’s inherent characteristics. One example suggesting they may be characteristic of the listener is Yu (2010), which found that neurotypical listeners who differed in the traits assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire also differed in the extent to which they compensated for coarticulation. Despite doubling the sample size, the current AQ Experiment failed to replicate the specific dependencies reported by Yu between listeners’ expression of those traits and their compensation for coarticulation. The B5 Experiment assessed the influence of the more comprehensive set of personality traits assessed by the Big-Five questionnaire on another group of neurotypical listeners’ compensation for coarticulation. It showed that listeners’ responses differed as a function of their expression of those traits, as well as their gender, but the size and direction of compensation differed between genders and individual personality traits. These failures suggest that the answer to the question posed in the title is, “no,” in that listeners’ performance either isn’t predictable from their personality traits, or, it is predictable, but causality is elusive. The data, analysis code, stimuli, and a script for making the /s-ʃ/ continuum for the experiments reported here can be found at https://osf.io/gf4ha/ (DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GF4HA).</p><p>This study was not pre-registered. The data, analysis code, and stimuli can be found at OSF: https://osf.io/gf4ha/, (DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GF4HA).</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149129315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence for facilitated response-related processing in contextual cueing","authors":"Feifei Zhao,&nbsp;Markus Conci","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03349-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03349-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Visual search can be facilitated by learning statistical regularities; for example, repeated exposure to the same spatial layout of search items can speed target detection (contextual cueing). While contextual cueing is usually attributed to improved attentional guidance towards the target, some studies have proposed that the benefit for repeated search layouts may also facilitate response-related processing after the target has been localized. To test this latter account, the current study systematically manipulated the difficulty of the target-related decision by varying the number of possible response alternatives, while keeping attentional guidance constant. If response selection is facilitated by the repeated contexts, a more difficult target-related decision should leave more space for a benefit of contextual cueing to emerge, compared to that with an easier response selection. The results from Experiment 1 showed that contextual cueing was not improved with four versus two possible response alternatives, thus indicating that repeated contexts do not facilitate response selection. Moreover, Experiments 2 and 3 then provided additional, “learnable” (i.e., repeating and thus predictable) response cues, but this manipulation also did not enhance contextual cueing, with neither two nor four possible response alternatives. This pattern of results thus suggests that contextual cueing primarily facilitates attentional guidance and does not extend to response-related processing after locating a to-be-searched for target, even when consistent response regularities are available.</p><p>All raw trial-level data, subject means and data-analysis scripts have been made publicly available via the Open Science Framework and can be accessed at https://osf.io/pdtwy/. The design and the analysis plans for the experiments were not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response variability reveals hidden social-category effects in facial-expression categorization","authors":"Jason Tipples","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03348-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03348-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The “happy-face advantage” (HFA)—faster categorization of happy versus fearful expressions—is typically established using mean reaction times (RTs), which obscure the structure of the RT distribution. The present research examined how facial expression and social-category cues influence emotion categorization using ex-Gaussian modelling, decomposing RTs into mean (μ), variability (σ), and slow-tail responding (τ). Ex-Gaussian modelling revealed that expression effects were distributed across distinct components of the RT distribution. Whereas mean RT (μ) replicated the happy-face advantage, σ indexed systematic differences in response consistency and τ captured selective increases in unusually slow responses. These findings demonstrate that social-category influences on emotion categorization are distributed across multiple components of the RT distribution that remain hidden in conventional analyses of mean RT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes in sustained visual attentional modulation of audiovisual integration","authors":"Yanna Ren,&nbsp;Heyuan Xue,&nbsp;Mengmeng Yang,&nbsp;Yuanhua Wu,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Weiping Yang","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03346-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03346-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Audiovisual integration (AVI) depends on dynamic interactions between multisensory neural systems and attentional processes. However, it remains unclear how sustained attentional demands modulate this interaction, particularly in aging, where declines in sensory processing and attentional capacity may alter the efficiency of these neural mechanisms. Here, 23 younger adults and 22 older adults completed a dual-task paradigm combining an audiovisual discrimination task (to assess AVI) with a multiple object tracking task (to manipulate sustained attentional load). Results revealed that younger adults exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern of early AVI across load levels, with integration peaking under medium attentional load and diminishing under both low-load and high-load conditions. In contrast, older adults showed greater AVI under low-load and medium-load conditions relative to high load. Notably, older adults demonstrated enhanced AVI during the late integration window (420–460 ms) compared with younger adults. ERP analyses further indicated delayed onsets of both early and intermediate AVI components in older adults, suggesting age-related alterations in the temporal dynamics of multisensory processing. These findings suggest that neural plasticity and compensatory mechanisms may support AVI under sustained attentional demands in aging, highlighting the role of cognitive resources in shaping multisensory processing.</p><p>The experiments reported in this article were not preregistered. The stimulus materials and de-identified data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of singleton salience in second-order suppression","authors":"Yun Sun,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Yuhan Xu,&nbsp;Shuyan Chen","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03331-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03331-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To process the various stimuli in the real world effectively, it is essential to suppress salient distractions. Recent studies employing majority search paradigms found that people can suppress the capture of salient color singleton distractors even without knowing their color, which proved that suppressing a salient singleton was not only based on first-order information (e.g., a specific color) but also on second-order features (e.g., a unique color) or global salience information (e.g., a feature singleton). However, it remains unknown whether variations in salience influence the attention suppression effect in the higher-order suppression mechanism. In the current study, we explored the effect of salience on suppression by adopting the majority search paradigm and varying the singleton salience in different ways (set size, color contrast, and luminance contrast). Across four experiments, Experiment 1 showed that manipulating relative singleton salience through set size did not affect higher-order suppression, as reflected by comparable search facilitation across set sizes. Experiments 2 and 3 employed the capture-probe paradigm and demonstrated that participants can proactively suppress singleton distractors based on second-order salience. Experiment 4 employed a psychophysical oddball detection task to further validate the effectiveness of the salience manipulation and used eye tracking to examine whether oculomotor suppression differed between high- and low-salience singleton distractors. Furthermore, by manipulating the luminance contrast of singletons, participants had a stronger suppression effect on low-salience singletons compared to high-salience singletons. We concluded that the level of salience is a potential factor in influencing the attentional suppression effect.</p><p>The materials and datafiles of this article have been publicly available at https://osf.io/f9qd8. This study’s design and hypotheses were preregistered at https://osf.io/fk8jy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalization of perceptual adaptation to second-language speech in a single-talker training paradigm: Predictors remain elusive","authors":"Seung-Eun Kim,&nbsp;Matthew Goldrick,&nbsp;Joseph Keshet,&nbsp;Ann R. Bradlow","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03333-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03333-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>First-language (L1) listeners typically show talker general adaptation to second-language (L2) speech after exposure to multiple L2 talkers. However, cross-talker generalization following <i>single</i> L2 talker exposure is inconsistent. We tested two hypotheses regarding generalization following single-talker training. If intelligibility drives generalization, then a high-intelligibility training talker should facilitate cross-talker generalization. However, if similarity drives generalization, then test performance should vary depending on acoustic similarity between training and test talkers. Twenty training-test talker pairs were selected from a dataset consisting of empirical intelligibility measures and pairwise acoustic similarity measures derived from self-supervised model representations for over 100 L2 English talkers. Each talker pair was assessed by 10 L1 listeners in a sentence-in-noise transcription task with an exposure-test format. Most talker pairs showed cross-talker generalization; however, neither intelligibility nor similarity reliably drove generalization. These findings show that single-talker training can be effective, but mechanisms supporting cross-talker generalization following limited exposure remain unexplained.</p><p>The data and materials for the experiments and analyses are available at https://osf.io/b32ka and https://speechbox.linguistics.northwestern.edu/allsstar. The experiment was not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Object-based attention sustains feature binding in working memory without requiring strategic control","authors":"Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Fan Wu,&nbsp;Qihang Zhou,&nbsp;Mowei Shen,&nbsp;Zaifeng Gao","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03341-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03341-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maintaining feature bindings in visual working memory (VWM) is thought to require object-based attention: consuming this resource during retention selectively impairs binding memory while sparing memory for the constituent features. However, existing demonstrations have almost exclusively used long (~ 1,000 ms) encoding windows, which permit not only rapid, automatic binding but also a slower strategic-control process that elaborates and stabilizes the initial representations. It is therefore unclear whether object-based attention is needed to maintain bindings as such, or only those bindings that strategic control has stabilized. Across three experiments, participants performed a change-detection task on color-shape conjunctions or on the constituent colors and shapes, while a concurrent Duncan’s object feature-report task manipulated the demand on object-based attention (reporting features from two different objects vs. two features of the same object). To progressively rule out strategic control while holding the attentional manipulation constant, the memory array was presented for 200 ms (Experiment 1) or 100 ms (Experiment 2) before the secondary task, and, in Experiment 3, the memory array and the secondary-task stimulus appeared simultaneously, leaving no post-encoding window in which object-based attention could act on the memory representations unopposed. Across all three experiments, consuming object-based attention selectively impaired binding memory relative to feature memory, and the magnitude of this selective cost was statistically indistinguishable across experiments. The dependence of VWM bindings on object-based attention is thus not a downstream consequence of strategic stabilization during extended encoding, but a property of binding representations themselves.</p><p>The data, JASP analysis files, experimental programs, and stimuli for all experiments are publicly available on the Open Science Framework at: https://osf.io/r68vu/. None of the experiments were preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Border-ownership reversals determine the strength of metacontrast masking","authors":"Doris E. Dijksterhuis,&nbsp;Nina Vreugdenhil,&nbsp;Pieter R. Roelfsema,&nbsp;Matthew W. Self","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03339-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03339-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual objects can be rendered invisible if their borders are assigned to other objects, showing that border-ownership (BO) is critical for perception. Objects can also be rendered invisible by using masking to limit the amount of time the brain has to process the object. An example of this is metacontrast masking (MM). MM occurs when an object is briefly presented and is followed by the presentation of a mask with closely adjacent contours. The mask can render the target object invisible, even though the target object is processed in high level brain areas. We propose that a critical factor that determines whether the target is perceived or not, is the amount of time that the target object retains ownership of its borders. What many MM paradigms have in common, is that when the mask appears, it reverses the directions of ownership at the borders of the previously presented target object. We hypothesized that this reversal in BO disrupts recurrent processing of the target object and impair perception. Here we tested this hypothesis by designing new MM paradigms with masks that either reverse ownership of the borders of the target object or not. We consistently found that masking was stronger when the mask gained ownership of the borders of the target object than when border ownership was unaffected by the mask. Our results indicate that prolonged ownership of borders is crucial for creating a stable model of the world, which enables the perception of stimuli.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03339-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond faces: The effect of context on ensemble emotion perception","authors":"Woojeong Lee,&nbsp;Hyeri Yoh,&nbsp;Sang Chul Chong","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03335-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03335-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to judge the overall emotion of a crowd is fundamental to navigating naturalistic social scenes. However, research has typically studied such judgments using isolated faces, without any contextual information. In two experiments, this study investigates how facial expressions, background context, and observers’ emotional states jointly influence ensemble emotion perception in naturalistic scenes. In Experiment 1, participants judged the overall emotion of crowd scenes that were constructed by superimposing human figures, whose facial emotional values were quantified on a continuous scale based on naturalistic photographs, onto emotionally positive, negative, or neutral backgrounds. Bayesian model comparisons revealed that both facial emotion and background valence influenced mean judgments, with positive (negative) backgrounds biasing ratings in a more positive (negative) direction. In Experiment 2, we examined how observer mood modulates this integration by inducing positive or negative affect through an autobiographical recall task. Model comparisons revealed that observer mood also influenced judgment, extending the model of Experiment 1. Although observer mood exhibited no reliable main effect on mean ratings, it was found to significantly affect response variability: participants in a positive mood showed reduced variability, which suggests more consistent ensemble judgments. Together, these findings demonstrate that ensemble emotion perception integrates multiple sources of information beyond facial expressions; specifically, both external and internal contexts substantially influence how collective mood is perceived in social scenes. These findings emphasize the importance of studying ensemble perception in naturalistic settings. The trial-level data and analysis codes for all the experiments are available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B9GMQ). None of the experiments were preregistered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention interval modulates motion-history biases in visual motion perception","authors":"Sabina Orso,&nbsp;Andrea Pavan","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03345-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03345-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Serial dependence, the tendency for recent perceptual history to bias current judgments, has been proposed as a mechanism supporting perceptual stability, although its cognitive origin remains debated. We investigated serial dependence in motion direction estimation using random-dot kinematograms (RDKs). Participants reported perceived motion direction after delays of 0, 1, 3, or 6 s following stimulus offset. Trial-level linear mixed-effects modelling revealed a significant serial dependence effect and a significant interaction with delay, indicating that the magnitude of the DoG-based history effect varied across retention intervals. Contrary to accounts predicting immediate repulsion and delayed attraction, the parametric DoG analysis yielded positive peak estimates at all delays, including the nominal 0-s condition, in which no additional retention interval followed stimulus offset. However, a complementary folded-bias analysis indicated that this parametric attractive component was not uniformly expressed across angular distances but was strongest at small-to-intermediate current-minus-previous angular differences and coexisted with local repulsive deflections. These findings do not support a simple dissociation between immediate sensory repulsion and delayed mnemonic attraction. Instead, they suggest that recent motion history already influences current reports in the immediate-report condition, although this condition should not be interpreted as isolating a purely perceptual stage. Retention interval then modulated the strength and expression of this influence. Exploratory analyses further suggested that motion judgments may be influenced not only by the exact previous direction but also by the broader motion axis, whereas response-time analyses did not reveal a simple overall dependence on trial-to-trial angular similarity.</p><p>The raw data, analysis code, and MATLAB/Psychtoolbox experiment task code for this study are publicly available on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/9ea8p/. The study was not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03345-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149032005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}