Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Nadir blood pressure responses to longer consecutive cardiac cycle sequences absent of sympathetic bursts are associated with popliteal endothelial-dependent dilation","authors":"Myles W. O'Brien ,&nbsp;Beverly D. Schwartz ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Petterson ,&nbsp;Molly K. Courish ,&nbsp;Madeline E. Shivgulam ,&nbsp;Derek S. Kimmerly","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The nadir pressure responses to cardiac cycles absent of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) bursts (or non-bursts) are typically reported in studies quantifying sympathetic transduction, but the information gained by studying non-bursts is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that longer sequences of non-bursts (≥8 cardiac cycles) would be associated with a greater nadir diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and that better popliteal artery function would be associated with an augmented reduction in DBP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Resting beat-by-beat DBP (via finger photoplethysmography) and common peroneal nerve MSNA (via microneurography) were recorded in 39 healthy, adults (age 23.4 ± 5.3 years; 19 females). For each cardiac cycle absent of MSNA bursts, the mean nadir DBP (ΔDBP) during the 12 cardiac cycles following were determined, and separate analyses were conducted for ≥8 or &lt; 8 cardiac cycle sequences. Popliteal artery endothelial-dependent (via flow-mediated dilation; FMD) and endothelial-independent vasodilation (via nitroglycerin-mediated dilation; NMD) were determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The nadir DBP responses to sequences ≥8 cardiac cycles were larger (−1.40 ± 1.27 mmHg) than sequences &lt;8 (−0.38 ± 0.46 mmHg; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In adjusting for sex and burst frequency (14 ± 8 bursts/min), larger absolute or relative FMD (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), but not NMD (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.53) was associated with an augmented nadir DBP. This overall DBP-FMD relationship was similar in sequences ≥8 (<em>p</em> = 0.04–0.05), but not &lt;8 (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.72).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The DBP responses to non-bursts, particularly longer sequences, were inversely associated with popliteal endothelial function, but not vascular smooth muscle sensitivity. This study provides insight into the information gained by quantifying the DBP responses to cardiac cycles absent of MSNA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation during lower body negative pressure","authors":"Johan Casper Grove Petersen ,&nbsp;Rachel Becker ,&nbsp;Lonnie G. Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Para-sympathetic vagal activation has profound influence on heart rate and other cardiovascular parameters. We tested the hypothesis that transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) through the auricular branch of the vagus nerve would attenuate the normal sympathetic response to central blood volume reduction by lower body negative pressure (LBNP).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>10 healthy volunteers (6 female; age 21 ± 2 years; weight 62 ± 13 kg; height 167 ± 12 cm) were included in this cross-over design trial. After 15 min rest in supine position, subjects underwent three 15-min periods of 30 mmHg LBNP intervention with and without cyclic tVNS stimulation. Continuous cardiovascular parameters (Nexfin) were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall tVNS did not convincingly attenuate sympathetic response to central hypovolemia. Deactivation of the tVNS during LBNP resulted in increased MAP at 2.3 ± 0.5 mmHg (P &lt; 0.001). Comparing the cyclic actual active stimulation periods to periods with pause during tVNS intervention showed a decrease in HR by 72.9 ± 11.2 to 70.2 ± 11.6 bpm (mean ± SD; P &lt; 0.05), and concomitant increases in SV (86.0 ± 12.1 to 87.2 ± 12.6 mL; P &lt; 0.05), MAP (82.9 ± 6.3 to 84.0 ± 6.2 mmHg; P &lt; 0.05) and TPR (1116.0 ± 111.1 to 1153 ± 104.8 dyn*s/cm5; P &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>tVNS in 30 s cycles during LBNP can selectively attenuate HR, prompting a compensatory augmented sympathetic response. It would appear the method used in this study at least, has an isolated cardiac inhibitory effect probably mediated by augmented vagal activity on the sinoatrial or atrio-ventricular node, possibly in combination with reduced activity in the sympathetic cardiac nerve.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hypernatremia increases functional connectivity of NaCl sensing regions in the human brain: An fMRI pilot study","authors":"Joseph M. Stock ,&nbsp;Nathan T. Romberger ,&nbsp;Ronald K. McMillan ,&nbsp;Jae Woo Chung ,&nbsp;Megan M. Wenner ,&nbsp;Sean D. Stocker ,&nbsp;William B. Farquhar ,&nbsp;Roxana G. Burciu","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rodent studies demonstrated specialized sodium chloride (NaCl) sensing neurons in the circumventricular organs, which mediate changes in sympathetic nerve activity, arginine vasopressin, thirst, and blood pressure. However, the neural pathways involved in NaCl sensing in the human brain are incompletely understood. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if acute hypernatremia alters the functional connectivity of NaCl-sensing regions of the brain in healthy young adults. Resting-state fMRI scans were acquired in 13 participants at baseline and during a 30 min hypertonic saline infusion (HSI). We used a seed-based approach to analyze the data, focusing on the subfornical organ (SFO) and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) as regions of interest (ROIs). Blood chemistry and perceived thirst were assessed pre- and post-infusion. As expected, serum sodium increased from pre- to post-infusion in the HSI group. The primary finding of this pilot study was that the functional connectivity between the SFO and a cluster within the OVLT increased from baseline to the late-phase of the HSI. Bidirectional connectivity changes were found with cortical regions, with some regions showing increased connectivity with sodium-sensing regions while others showed decreased connectivity. Furthermore, the functional connectivity between the SFO and the posterior cingulate cortex (a control ROI) did not change from baseline to the late-phase of the HSI. This finding indicates a distinct response within the NaCl sensing network in the human brain specifically related to acute hypernatremia that will need to be replicated in large-scale studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566070224000365/pdfft?md5=0980a5424eec2ee1da02ae4378a25afa&pid=1-s2.0-S1566070224000365-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms of respiratory interoception","authors":"Pei-Ying Sarah Chan ,&nbsp;Lu-Yuan Lee ,&nbsp;Paul W. Davenport","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory interoception is one of the internal bodily systems that is comprised of different types of somatic and visceral sensations elicited by different patterns of afferent input and respiratory motor drive mediating multiple respiratory modalities. Respiratory interoception is a complex system, having multiple afferents grouped into afferent clusters and projecting into both discriminative and affective centers that are directly related to the behavioral assessment of breathing. The multi-afferent system provides a spectrum of input that result in the ability to interpret the different types of respiratory interceptive sensations. This can result in a response, commonly reported as breathlessness or dyspnea. Dyspnea can be differentiated into specific modalities. These respiratory sensory modalities lead to a general sensation of an Urge-to-Breathe, driven by a need to compensate for the modulation of ventilation that has occurred due to factors that have affected breathing. The multiafferent system for respiratory interoception can also lead to interpretation of the sensory signals resulting in respiratory related sensory experiences, including the Urge-to-Cough and Urge-to-Swallow. These behaviors are modalities that can be driven through the differentiation and integration of multiple afferent input into the respiratory neural comparator. Respiratory sensations require neural somatic and visceral interoceptive elements that include gated attention and detection leading to respiratory modality discrimination with subsequent cognitive decision and behavioral compensation. Studies of brain areas mediating cortical and subcortical respiratory sensory pathways are summarized and used to develop a model of an integrated respiratory neural network mediating respiratory interoception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566070224000353/pdfft?md5=0fef0129abadc1bc724cfa7b6d0e9c9f&pid=1-s2.0-S1566070224000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoceptive signals from the heart and coronary circulation in health and disease","authors":"Jonathan P. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review considers interoceptive signalling from the heart and coronary circulation. Vagal and cardiac sympathetic afferent sensory nerve endings are distributed throughout the atria, ventricles (mainly left), and coronary artery. A small proportion of cardiac receptors attached to thick myelinated vagal afferents are tonically active during the cardiac cycle. Dependent upon location, these mechanoreceptors detect fluctuations in atrial volume and coronary arterial perfusion. Atrial volume and coronary arterial signals contribute to beat-to-beat feedback control and physiological homeostasis. Most cardiac receptors are attached to thinly myelinated or nonmyelinated C fibres, many of which are unresponsive to the cardiac cycle. Of these, there are many chemically sensitive cardiac receptors which are activated during myocardial stress by locally released endogenous substances. In contrast, some tonically inactive receptors become activated by irregular ventricular wall mechanics or by distortion of the ischaemic myocardium. Furthermore, some are excited both by chemical mediators of ischaemia and wall abnormalities. Reflex responses arising from cardiac receptors attached to thinly myelinated or nonmyelinated are complex. Impulses that project centrally through vagal afferents elicit sympathoinhibition and hypotension, whereas impulses travelling in cardiac sympathetic afferents and spinal pathways elicit sympathoexcitation and hypertension. Two opposing cardiac reflexes may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning a composite haemodynamic response during myocardial stress. Sympathetic afferents provide the primary pathway for transmission of cardiac nociception to the central nervous system. However, activation of sympathetic afferents may increase susceptibility to life-threatening arrhythmias. Notably, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex predominates in pathophysiological states including hypertension and heart failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipating noxious stimulation rather than afferent nociceptive input may evoke pupil asymmetry","authors":"Peter D. Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unilateral nociceptive stimulation is associated with subtle signs of pupil asymmetry that may reflect lateralized activity in the locus coeruleus. To explore drivers of this pupil asymmetry, electrical stimuli, delivered alone or 200 ms before or after an acoustic startle stimulus, were administered to one ankle under four experimental conditions: with or without a 1.6 s anticipatory period, or while the forearm ipsilateral or contralateral to the electrical stimulus was heated tonically to induce moderate pain (15 healthy participants in each condition). Pupil diameter was measured at the start of each trial, at stimulus delivery, and each second for 5 s after stimulus delivery. At the start of the first trial, the pupil ipsilateral to the side on which electric shocks were later delivered was larger than the contralateral pupil. Both pupils dilated robustly during the anticipatory period and dilated further during single- and dual-stimulus trials. However, pupil asymmetry persisted throughout the experiment. Tonically-applied forearm heat-pain modulated the pupillary response to phasic electrical stimuli, with a slight trend for dilatation to be greater contralateral to the forearm being heated. Together, these findings suggest that focusing anxiously on the expected site of noxious stimulation was associated with dilatation of the ipsilateral pupil whereas phasic nociceptive stimuli and psychological arousal triggered bilateral pupillary dilatation. It was concluded that preparatory cognitive activity rather than phasic afferent nociceptive input is associated with pupillary signs of lateralized activity in the locus coeruleus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156607022400033X/pdfft?md5=21513025dc81f1652e126082e9632970&pid=1-s2.0-S156607022400033X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tributyltin (TBT) toxicity: Effects on enteric neuronal plasticity and intestinal barrier of rats' duodenum","authors":"I.C.C.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;G.P. Marinsek ,&nbsp;L.V.B. Correia ,&nbsp;R.C.B. da Silva ,&nbsp;I.B. Castro ,&nbsp;R.B. Mari","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide used in the formulation of antifouling paints and it is highly harmful. Despite the ban, the compound persists in the environment, contaminating marine foodstuffs and household products. Therefore, considering the route of exposure to the contaminant, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) acts as an important barrier against harmful substances and is a potential biomarker for understanding the consequences of these agents. This work aimed to evaluate histological and neuronal alterations in the duodenum of male Wistar rats that received 20 ng/g TBT and 600 ng/g via gavage for 30 consecutive days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the duodenum was intended for neuronal histochemistry (total and metabolically active populations) and histological routine (morphometry and histopathology). The results showed more severe changes in neuronal density and intestinal morphometry in rats exposed to 20 ng/g, such as total neuronal density decrease and reduction of intestinal layers. In rats exposed to 600 ng/g of TBT, it was possible to observe only an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. We conclude that TBT can be more harmful to intestinal homeostasis when consumed in lower concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oral administration of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on anxiety-related behaviors and colonic hypercontractility in repeated stress-induced mice","authors":"Affan Waemong ,&nbsp;Sarunnuch Sattayachiti ,&nbsp;Dania Cheaha ,&nbsp;Nipaporn Konthapakdee","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Chronic psychological stress develops and exacerbates irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) via activation of intestinal 5-HT₃ receptors involves impairment of intestinal functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ondansetron, a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist, on locomotor activity, anxiety-related behaviors, and colonic functions in repeated water avoidance stress.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Food intake and fecal pellet output (FPO) of sham stress (SS), water avoidance stress (WS), and water avoidance stress with oral administration of ondansetron (1 mg/kg BW) (WA) groups were monitored along the water avoidance stress protocol for 10 consecutive days. On day 11, locomotor activity and anxiety-related behaviors were determined using an open field test. Contractile properties of colonic tissues in response to KCl and a cumulative dose of carbachol (CCh) were determined using in vitro organ bath technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>FPO was significantly increased in the WS group after 7 days of water avoidance stress, which was reversed in WA group. WS group decreased unsupported rearing behavior compared to WS group, which was not altered in the WA group. The colon of the WS group had a higher tonic contraction in response to CCh than the SS and WA groups, which was reversed with ondansetron pre-incubation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Oral administration of ondansetron prevented increased FPO but did not affect anxiety-related behavior in repeated stress model. Colonic hypercontractility in the stressed mice was related to increased responses to cholinergic-induced contractions, which involved 5-HT₃ receptors. Our findings suggest the modulatory roles of 5-HT₃ receptors to mediate stress-induced colonic dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140621131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary wheel running as a promising strategy to promote autonomic resilience to social stress in females: Vagal tone lies at the heart of the matter","authors":"Brittany S. Pate ,&nbsp;Cora E. Smiley ,&nbsp;Evelynn N. Harrington ,&nbsp;B. Hunter Bielicki ,&nbsp;J. Mark Davis ,&nbsp;Lawrence P. Reagan ,&nbsp;Claudia A. Grillo ,&nbsp;Susan K. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social stress is a major risk factor for comorbid conditions including cardiovascular disease and depression. While women exhibit 2–3× the risk for these stress-related disorders compared to men, the mechanisms underlying heightened stress susceptibility among females remain largely unknown. Due to a lack in understanding of the pathophysiology underlying stress-induced comorbidities among women, there has been a significant challenge in developing effective therapeutics. Recently, a causal role for inflammation has been established in the onset and progression of comorbid cardiovascular disease/depression, with women exhibiting increased sensitivity to stress-induced immune signaling. Importantly, reduced vagal tone is also implicated in stress susceptibility, through a reduction in the vagus nerve's well-recognized anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, examining therapeutic strategies that stabilize vagal tone during stress may shed light on novel targets for promoting stress resilience among women. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that physical activity exerts cardio- and neuro-protective effects by enhancing vagal tone. Based on this evidence, this mini review provides an overview of comorbid cardiovascular and behavioral dysfunction in females, the role of inflammation in these disorders, how stress may impart its negative effects on the vagus nerve, and how exercise may act as a preventative. Further, we highlight a critical gap in the literature with regard to the study of females in this field. This review also presents novel data that are the first to demonstrate a protective role for voluntary wheel running over vagal tone and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction in the face of social stress exposure in female rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of sensory nerve terminals containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on striated muscle fibers in the rat esophagus: Evidence for triple innervation via motor endplates","authors":"Hirofumi Kuramoto ,&nbsp;Mana Yabe ,&nbsp;Ryo Morishita ,&nbsp;Ryoichi Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Sakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many esophageal striated muscles of mammals are dually innervated by the vagal and enteric nerves. Recently, substance P (SP)-sensory nerve terminals with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were found on a few striated muscle fibers in the rat esophagus, implying that these muscle fibers are triply innervated. In this study, we examined the localization and origin of CGRP-nerve endings in striated muscles to consider their possible roles in the esophagus regarding triple innervation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Wholemounts of the rat esophagus were immunolabeled to detect CGRP-nerve endings in striated muscles. Also, retrograde tracing was performed by injecting Fast Blue (FB) into the esophagus, and cryostat sections of the medulla oblongata, nodose ganglion (NG), and the tenth thoracic (T10) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were immunostained to identify the origin of the CGRP-nerve endings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CGRP-fine, varicose nerve endings were localized in motor endplates on a few esophageal striated muscle fibers (4 %), most of which received nitric oxide (NO) synthase nerve terminals, and most of the CGRP nerve endings were SP- and transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)-positive. Retrograde tracing showed many FB-labeled CGRP-neurons positive for SP and TRPV1 in the NG and T10 DGR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study suggests that the CGRP-varicose nerve endings containing SP and TRPV1 in motor endplates are sensory, and a few esophageal striated muscle fibers are triply innervated. The nerve endings may detect acetylcholine-derived acetic acid from the vagal motor nerve endings and NO from esophageal intrinsic nerve terminals in the motor endplates to regulate esophageal motility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}