Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in heart rate and heart rate variability responses to transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation in rats.","authors":"Margherita Barbetti, Cristina Ottaviani, Julian F Thayer, Andrea Sgoifo, Luca Carnevali","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of reliable biomarkers of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) responsiveness is a key challenge both at the clinical and preclinical level. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a surrogate measure of cardiac vagal efferent activity, is an ideal candidate. Yet, the effects of taVNS on vmHRV remain inconclusive, likely due to the high degree of heterogeneity in stimulation protocols (e.g., taVNS parameters and side of the ear target), and little consideration of contributing factors such as sex differences. This study investigates sex differences in heart rate and vmHRV responses to different protocols of taVNS in adult rats. Male and female wild-type Groningen rats received sham or active stimulation (6 Hz or 20 Hz, 1 ms, 6 V) on the left or right auricular concha region. ECG signals were recorded before (10 min), during (20 min) and after (10 min) each session in a between-subject design. We found differential side-, frequency- and sex-specific chronotropic responses to taVNS, whereby heart rate decreased and vmHRV indexes increased at 6 Hz in males and at 20 Hz in females. Also, increases in vmHRV were only observed for right-side taVNS. The current findings suggest that biological sex should be considered for fine-tuning regulation of taVNS-induced cardiac responses and provide information regarding the side-specific effects of taVNS on vmHRV. These results will likely guide future rodent research to the choice of the most appropriate stimulation protocol in both sexes for generating information that can be translated into taVNS-related strategies in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"257 ","pages":"103237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo1, but not ATP, is required for mechanotransduction by bladder mucosal afferents in cystitis.","authors":"Wai Ping Yew, Timothy Hibberd, Nick J Spencer, Vladimir Zagorodnyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piezo ion channels play a role in bladder sensation, but the sensory afferent subtypes that utilise Piezo channels have not been fully explored. We made single-unit extracellular recordings from mucosal-projecting bladder afferents in guinea pigs with protamine/zymosan-induced cystitis. The Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1, significantly potentiated mechanosensitivity, while its antagonist, Dooku1, abolished this potentiation. The P2 purinoceptor antagonist, PPADS abolished α,β-methylene ATP-induced excitation of mucosal afferents without affecting their mechanical activation or potentiation of mechanosensitivity by Yoda1. The findings suggest Piezo1, but not ATP, is required for mechanotransduction in bladder mucosal afferents in cystitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":" ","pages":"103231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of Loeys-Dietz syndrome with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A case series","authors":"Michel Boustany ,&nbsp;Ali Arvantaj ,&nbsp;Kamal R. Chémali","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder arising from mutations in the TGF- β signaling pathway. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad, and includes vascular, skeletal, and craniofacial abnormalities, along with joint hypermobility. No evidence of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in these patients has been reported. We report here a case series of patients with LDS presenting to the autonomic clinic and found to have POTS. Understanding the exact pathophysiology of this association requires further studies. Acknowledging the co-occurrence of these conditions is important to improve outcomes, and managing POTS in LDS patients necessitates an interdisciplinary approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular effects of early maternal separation and escitalopram treatment in rats with depressive-like behaviour","authors":"Luiz Fernando Veríssimo ,&nbsp;Fernando Henrique Ferrari Alves ,&nbsp;Viviane Batista Estrada ,&nbsp;Leonardo Andre da Costa Marques ,&nbsp;Karoliny Coelho Andrade ,&nbsp;Amanda Monteiro Bonancea ,&nbsp;Natália Tavares Okano ,&nbsp;Fernando Morgan de Aguiar Corrêa ,&nbsp;Gislaine Garcia Pelosi","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression and cardiovascular diseases are two of the world's major health problems. Escitalopram (ESC) is widely used because of its safety in relation to other drugs in that class; however, it can affect the cardiovascular system. The present study evaluated the cardiovascular parameters of depressive-like male rats and the cardiovascular effects of ESC treatment on that condition. The EMS protocol consisted of separating the litter from the dam for 3 h over 13 days. Animals were anesthetized with tribromoethanol (250 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and the catheters were inserted into the femoral and into the femoral vein. Depressive-like rats showed an increase in the pressor response to phenylephrine (E_max:depressive = 50.36 ± 2.997 mmHg; non-depressive = 39.51 ± 3.328 mmHg; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and a reduction in the EC₅₀ (depressive = 0.6203 ± 0.03005 μg/kg; non-depressive = 0.7320 ± 0.03519 μg/kg; p &lt; 0.05) with no change in the other cardiovascular parameters. After treatment with ESC, a reduction of intrinsic heart rate was observed in the depressive-like rats (control: 342 ± 6 bpm; ESC: 316 ± 5 bpm; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, ESC treatment increased the bradycardic (control: −97.81 ± 8.3 bpm; ESC: −137.1 ± 12.31 bpm; <em>p</em> = 0.0236; <em>t</em> = 2.502) during the baroreflex response, caused by an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation in the heart, in depressive-like rats (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The findings suggest that depressive-like rats showed cardiovascular changes, and that ESC treatment was able to reverse these changes, suggesting that ESC has a good safety profile for depressive patients with cardiovascular disease due to increased parasympathetic modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic targets in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A short thematic review.","authors":"Alaina C Glasgow, Joon Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a chronic autonomic condition hallmarked by orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia in the upright position. POTS impacts approximately 1-3 million people in the U.S. alone, in which the majority of patients are premenopausal women. The etiology of POTS is multi-factorial with three primary clinical subtypes, including neuropathic, hyperadrenergic, and hypovolemic POTS. Recent evidence suggests potential metabolic associations with POTS pathophysiology, particularly involving insulin resistance and abnormal vasoactive gut hormones. This review aims to characterize POTS phenotypes and explore potential metabolic links, focusing on insulin resistance and vasoactive gut hormones. Understanding the metabolic aspects of POTS pathophysiology could provide novel insights into its mechanisms and guide therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"103232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A subset of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus directly project to liver-related premotor neurons in the ventrolateral medulla.","authors":"Lucie D Desmoulins, Adrien J R Molinas, Courtney M Dugas, Gabrielle L Williams, Sophie Kamenetsky, Roslyn K Davis, Andrei V Derbenev, Andrea Zsombok","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sympathetic circuits including pre-sympathetic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus play an important role in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Despite the importance of central regulatory pathways, specific information regarding the circuits of liver-related neurons is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PVN neurons are directly connected to spinally-projecting liver-related neurons in the VLM of mice. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to identify liver-related neurons and time-dependent analyses revealed the location and distribution of neurons in the PVN and ventral brainstem. Four days following PRV injection, most liver-related neurons were found in the VLM and consist of both catecholaminergic (CA) and non-CA neurons. Furthermore, in addition to PRV inoculation, a monosynaptic viral tracer was used to identify VLM-projecting PVN neurons to specifically dissect PVN-VLM connections within the liver pathway. Five days following PRV inoculation, our anatomical findings revealed that a small population of liver-related PVN neurons projected to the VLM. In addition, photo-stimulation of axonal projections from SIM1-expressing PVN neurons resulted in evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in a subset of spinally projecting liver-related neurons in the VLM. In summary, our data demonstrate the existence of monosynaptic, glutamatergic connections between PVN neurons and pre-sympathetic liver-related neurons in the VLM. These new findings regarding the central circuits involved in the sympathetic regulation of the liver provide further information necessary for developing new strategies to improve glucose homeostasis via modulation of the autonomic nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"257 ","pages":"103222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baroreflex activation therapy through electrical carotid sinus stimulation","authors":"Jens Jordan ,&nbsp;Jens Tank ,&nbsp;Karsten Heusser ,&nbsp;Hannes Reuter","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An imbalance between cardiovascular parasympathetic and sympathetic activity towards sympathetic predominance has been implicated in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant arterial hypertension and heart failure. Arterial baroreceptors control efferent cardiovascular autonomic activity and have, therefore, been recognized as potential treatment targets. Baroreflex activation therapy through electrical carotid sinus stimulation is a device-based approach to modulate cardiovascular autonomic activity. Electrical carotid sinus stimulation lowered blood pressure in various hypertensive animal models and improved cardiac remodeling and survival in preclinical models of heart failure. In human mechanistic profiling studies, electrical carotid sinus stimulation lowered blood pressure through sympathetic inhibition with substantial inter-individual variability. The first-generation device reduced blood pressure in controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials. Controlled clinical trials proving efficacy in blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension do not exist for the currently available second-generation carotid sinus stimulator. Investigations in heart failure patients showed improved symptoms, quality of life, and natriuretic peptide biomarkers. Electrical carotid sinus stimulation is an interesting technology to modulate cardiovascular autonomic control. However, controlled trials with hard clinical endpoints are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic versus extrinsic contribution to intraindividual sweat rate variability of individual eccrine glands","authors":"Emily K. Woolf ,&nbsp;Nicole Wells ,&nbsp;Jeff Moore ,&nbsp;Sarah Northway ,&nbsp;Michael J. Buono","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, to determine the intraindividual variability of sweat rate per gland for a given skin location during exercise in the heat. Second, to determine the relative importance of intrinsic vs. extrinsic factors as the source of the intraindividual variability in the sweat rate per gland. Sweat rate of individual eccrine glands on the forearm was measured following pilocarpine iontophoresis and during exercise in the heat. In five participants during exercise in the heat, the measured sweat rate for individual forearm eccrine glands (<em>n</em> = 500) ranged from 0.5 nL/gland/min to 16 nL/gland/min, or over a 30-fold difference. The mean (SD) intraindividual coefficient of variation in sweat rate per gland was 36 (5)% and 49 (10)% (<em>p</em> = 0.008) following pilocarpine iontophoresis and during exercise in the heat, respectively. Such results suggest that intrinsic factors (i.e., sweat gland size and cholinergic sensitivity) contribute approximately three times more than extrinsic factors (i.e., sweat gland nerve fiber density and threshold amplitude) towards explaining the large intra-person variability in sweat rate per gland seen during exercise in the heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of peripheral venous distension reflex in regulating hemodynamics: mini review","authors":"Takuto Hamaoka,&nbsp;Lawrence I. Sinoway,&nbsp;Jian Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Significant volume is pooled in veins in humans and the amount is dramatically altered by various physiological stresses and diseases. Several animal and human studies demonstrated that limb venous distension evoked significant increases in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity (venous distension reflex, VDR). VDR has attracted much attention because of its potential to explain the still unknown mechanism of autonomic dysfunction in several diseases, which would lead to a new treatment approach. This mini review discusses accumulated evidence of VDR at this point and what should be investigated in the future to apply the current understanding of VDR in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrasubject reproducibility of supine norepinephrine plasma concentrations in patients with cardiovascular sympathetic failure","authors":"Giannicola Carrozzo ,&nbsp;Mitchell G. Miglis ,&nbsp;Manuela Contin ,&nbsp;Ilaria Cani ,&nbsp;Pietro Cortelli ,&nbsp;Pietro Guaraldi ,&nbsp;Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plasma levels of the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) has emerged as a useful tool to help differentiate pre- and post-ganglionic disorders in patients with cardiovascular autonomic failure (AF). However, data on intrasubject reliability in individuals with these conditions are limited. We evaluated the intrasubject reproducibility of supine plasma NE levels drawn across two consecutive time points under controlled conditions during head-up table testing in a large cohort of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies and both pre- and post-ganglionic cardiovascular AF.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Antecubital venous blood drawn via an indwelling cannula with the subject supine was assayed for plasma level of catecholamines. We collected two consecutive samples, the first after 20 min of supine rest (NE1) and the second 5 min later (NE2), from a group of 279 participants including 57 with Parkinson's disease/Lewy body dementia (44 M; 65.5 ± 11.1 y), 131 with multiple system atrophy (81 M; 63.2 ± 8.5 y), 41 with pure autonomic failure (25 M, 65.1 ± 9.3 y), and 50 healthy controls (27 M; 46.7 ± 19.4 y).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found no difference between NE1 and NE2 (<em>p</em> = 0.645), with a mean intrasubject reproducibility (NE maximum − NE minimum) × 100 / NE maximum) of 11.5 % ± 10.64. This finding was confirmed when controlling for diagnosis (<em>p</em> = 0.669), gender (<em>p</em> = 0.493), age (<em>p</em> = 0.865), disease duration (<em>p</em> = 0.596) or considering all factors together (<em>p</em> = 0.527).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found excellent test-retest reliability of consecutive supine NE measurements in patients with alpha-synucleinopathies and cardiovascular AF, independent of age, gender and disease duration. This lends evidence to support the use of a single supine NE measurement in these conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}