Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Autonomic responses in children and adolescents with orthostatic syncope and presyncope: children are not small adults","authors":"V.-E.M. Lucci ,&nbsp;C.L. Protheroe ,&nbsp;C.A. Albaro ,&nbsp;M.G. Lloyd ,&nbsp;K. Armstrong ,&nbsp;S. Franciosi ,&nbsp;S. Sanatani ,&nbsp;V.E. Claydon","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children and adolescents commonly experience orthostatic intolerance associated with impaired participation and quality of life. We aimed to characterize autonomic responses to provoked presyncope in children with recurrent presyncope/syncope and healthy adolescents.</div><div>We determined orthostatic tolerance (OT, time to presyncope [mins]) in 36 pediatric patients (age 15 ± 3 yrs., 26 female) with recurrent presyncope/syncope, and 17 asymptomatic controls (age 13 ± 3 yrs., 8 female), using a tilt test with graded lower body negative pressure. Cardiovascular parameters, forearm vascular resistance (FVR), mean middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv_mean), and breath-by-breath end tidal gases were continuously monitored. Responses to the Valsalva maneuver (VM), cerebral autoregulation, and cerebral reactivity to carbon dioxide were also determined.</div><div>OT was similar in pediatric patients (21 ± 1.5 min) and controls (20 ± 2.0 min, <em>p</em> = 0.74), but smaller than adult reference values (33.8 ± 0.8 min, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Tilting decreased systolic arterial pressure in pediatric patients (<em>p</em> = 0.009), but not pediatric controls (<em>p</em> = 0.12). Tilting decreased MCAv_mean (<em>p</em> = 0.002) in pediatric patients, with impairments in cerebral autoregulation (<em>p</em> = 0.02) that were negatively correlated with OT (<em>r</em> = −0.322; <em>p</em> = 0.024). Both pediatric patients (+48.9 ± 8.0 %) and controls (+36.7 ± 14.7 %) had small FVR responses compared to adult reference data (+100 ± 12 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Blood pressure responses to the VM were abnormal in pediatric patients, with a lower nadir in mean arterial pressure (81.7 ± 2.0 mmHg) compared to pediatric controls (94.0 ± 2.8 mmHg, <em>p</em> = 0.001).</div><div>Pediatric patients with recurrent presyncope/syncope had impaired orthostatic cardiovascular and autoregulatory responses compared to pediatric controls. Sympathetically-mediated responses were small in children, underscoring the need for pediatric-specific standards for orthostatic cardiovascular control, and treatments targeting enhancement of vascular resistance in children with syncope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 103340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower urinary tract dysfunction reported in autonomic disorders","authors":"Ekawat Vichayanrat ,&nbsp;Shiwen Koay ,&nbsp;Claire Hentzen ,&nbsp;Sarah Wright ,&nbsp;Amit Batla ,&nbsp;Sara Simeoni ,&nbsp;Valeria Iodice ,&nbsp;Jalesh N. Panicker","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 103341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric neuroplasticity in stellate ganglia: Unveiling side-specific adaptations to aerobic exercise.","authors":"Fernando Vagner Lobo Ladd, Aliny Antunes Barbosa, Renato Albuquerque de Oliveira Cavalcanti, Larissa Freitas, Reinaldo Barreto Oriá, Ricardo Mario Arida, Mariana Pereira de Melo, Andrzej Loesch, A Augusto Coppi","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stellate ganglia (SG) are a cluster of sympathetic nerve cells situated in the neck, positioned ventrally to the longus colli muscle and play a vital role in regulating cardiovascular function, especially by modulating cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. While the cardiovascular effects of exercise have been extensively studied, little is known about how physical activity influences the three-dimensional structure of SG neurons. Previous research in Wistar rats demonstrated that aerobic exercise training affects cardiovascular physiology, notably by decreasing heart rate without altering arterial pressures. Remarkably, hypertrophy of SG neurons was observed, suggesting a potential overload-induced adaptation. However, whether these structural changes exhibit side-specific patterns remain unclear. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on SG structure with a focus on body-side asymmetry. Using advanced 3D image analysis and stereological methods, we quantified total neuron count, mean neuronal volume, and overall SG volume in four experimental groups: (1) untrained left SG, (2) trained left SG, (3) untrained right SG, and (4) trained right SG. After 10 weeks of treadmill exercise, trained animals displayed a fourfold increase in neuron count in the right SG compared to the left, an asymmetry absent in untrained animals. Additionally, exercise produced divergent effects on neuronal size: right-side neurons underwent atrophy (1.2-fold decrease), whereas left-side neurons exhibited hypertrophy (1.8-fold increase). In trained animals SG volume was reduced by 1.04- (left SG) or 1.4-fold (right SG) depending on the body side considered. These findings reveal a complex, side-specific neuroplastic response of the autonomic nervous system to physical exercise. The observed asymmetric changes in neuron count, size, and ganglia volume challenge traditional views on exercise-induced neuroplasticity, suggesting a more nuanced and functionally relevant adaptation. This study advances our understanding of autonomic nervous system plasticity in response to exercise and encourages further research into side-specific adaptations, with potential implications for targeted interventions in autonomic disorders, including those impacting cardiovascular function.</p>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":" ","pages":"103338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurogastroenterology: Current insights into gastrointestinal innervation in health and disease","authors":"Tomas Chmelir ,&nbsp;Dagmar Jarkovska ,&nbsp;Shashank Pandey ,&nbsp;Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurogastroenterology, a rapidly evolving field, investigates the intricate interactions between the nervous system and the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This review offers a comprehensive summary of innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on both extrinsic and intrinsic components. Extrinsic innervation involves the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers controlling various digestive functions, while intrinsic innervation, represented by the enteric nervous system, operates largely independently, orchestrating complex processes such as motility, secretion, and immune responses. Recent advances highlight the crucial role of the enteric nervous system, often referred to as the second brain, in maintaining gastrointestinal health and its involvement in various pathologies. The text also provides a basic overview of the pathophysiology of achalasia, Chagas disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, diabetic gastroenteropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and Hirschsprung's disease, which are conditions in which innervation of the gastrointestinal tract is more or less affected. The insights provided could pave the way for new interventions, offering hope for patients suffering from related conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacral neuromodulation for low urinary tract dysfunction: overview and mechanisms of action","authors":"Pierre-Luc Dequirez ,&nbsp;Stefan De Wachter ,&nbsp;Xavier Biardeau","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is widely used since the 1990's for overactive bladder (OAB) and non-obstructive urinary retention (NOUR) with good clinical results. Though, its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This narrative review intends to explore the various hypotheses of mechanisms of action in SNM, and to propose a theoretical model of action based on the current literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SNM may modulate afferent signaling primarily through sub-sensory activation of pelvic floor muscles, which in turn may generate afferent input transmitted via the spinal cord to supraspinal structures, rather than through direct afferent neural stimulation. SNM may restore the balance between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) by decreasing activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and increasing activity in the median prefrontal cortex. SNM may also modulate the activity of the limbic system (cingulate cortex, insula), that is related to emotions and is frequently dysregulated in Fowler's syndrome – a specific NOUR entity, and patients with OAB. In NOUR, SNM may restore the periaqueductal gray activity through a diminution of excessive inhibitory afferent messages, particularly through modification of the activity of the median prefrontal cortex. Finally, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) may influence neural plasticity at the peripheral, spinal, and/or supraspinal levels; however, the underlying mechanisms and specific neurophysiological changes remain incompletely understood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While our understanding of the mechanisms of action of SNM is still evolving, emerging data point toward a multifaceted process involving modulation of peripheral afferent input, spinal processing, and supraspinal structures - including those involved in sensorimotor integration, emotional regulation, and autonomic balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex vivo calcium imaging of sympathetic neurons in intact mouse stellate ganglia","authors":"Arianna Scalco ,&nbsp;Nathan Balthazor ,&nbsp;Beth A. Habecker","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sympathetic hyperactivity is a common feature of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, and sympathetic neurons are hyperactive after a week of angiotensin II (AngII) hypertension. Nerve firing increases intracellular Ca²⁺ and we wanted to develop a Ca²⁺ imaging method to quantify activity across many neurons at once. Here we describe a method for ex vivo Ca²⁺ imaging in intact mouse stellate ganglia. We imaged ganglia from control and AngII (700 ng/min/Kg) hypertensive mice to determine if we could identify Ca²⁺ parameters that reflected hyperactivity. We expressed GCaMP6s in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (TH^GCaMP6s). Male and female TH^GCaMP6s mice 17–25 weeks old were used. Images were obtained under baseline conditions, after stimulation with nicotine (10 μM), and after stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl, 40 mM) as a positive control for GCaMP6s expression. Differential fluorescence responses were quantified using an open-source MATLAB processing tool. An additional MATLAB script was composed to analyze and characterize features of the fluorescent responses. The peak Ca²⁺ response after nicotine treatment trended higher in left but not right stellates from AngII-treated mice, and the distribution of peak responses differed significantly in left ganglia. Decay times were similar in all groups. We compared the peak Ca²⁺ response after nicotine treatment vs. KCl and found altered frequency distribution of nicotine: KCl responses in left but not right stellates from AngII mice, raising the possibility of selective modulation of cholinergic responses. Calcium imaging allowed simultaneous analysis of multiple cells within ganglia, but did not recapitulate the bilateral hyperactivity identified by electrophysiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From discovery to debate: The history of menopausal hormone therapy and its impact on cardiovascular health","authors":"Allyson I. Schwab ,&nbsp;Virginia R. Nuckols ,&nbsp;Katherine Haigh ,&nbsp;Megan M. Wenner","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death in women. Menopause is associated with a variety of physiological changes, including hallmark vasomotor symptoms and an increased risk of CVD. Traditional hormone therapy (HT) was the primary form of menopausal management for women until the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial found an increased risk of heart disease and stroke with HT use. Since the WHI publication in 2002, prescriptions for HT have plummeted and remained low, leaving menopausal women with few options for treatment and management. Although HT is very effective at treating menopausal symptoms, the data regarding cardiovascular benefits have been mixed, and reduction in CVD risk with HT may be related to the timing of initiation. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear timeline of HT usage and trials in overall support of HT as a safe and beneficial strategy for menopausal women, with an emphasis on advocacy for continued research on menopausal treatment options to improve women's health across the lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Rosa V.D. Guerrero ,&nbsp;Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho ,&nbsp;Pedro R.P. Brandão ,&nbsp;Jhenny V. Neri ,&nbsp;Lauro C. Vianna","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both motor and non-motor functions, including autonomic regulation. In the cardiovascular system, autonomic dysfunction may result in blood pressure (BP) abnormalities, such as altered variability. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with PD exhibit increased resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) compared to healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Beat-to-beat heart rate (via electrocardiography) and BP (via photoplethysmography) were continuously recorded in 19 patients with PD, 15 age-matched older adults, and 19 young adults. Cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were estimated using the ModelFlow method. BPV was assessed using several indices, including the standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to both older and younger control groups, patients with PD exhibited lower ARV values for systolic (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 0.5 and 3.1 ± 1.1 mm Hg, <em>P</em> = 0.001), diastolic (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.6 mm Hg, <em>P</em> = 0.001), and mean (0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg, <em>P</em> = 0.001) BP. In addition, patients with PD showed reduced ARV in TPR compared to the older control group (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7 mm Hg/L/min, <em>P</em> = 0.045). However, ARV in CO did not differ significantly between PD patients and older adults (119 ± 68 vs. 136 ± 48 mL/min, <em>P</em> = 0.806). Similar patterns were observed when using other BPV indices.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that Parkinson's disease may lead to a reduction in beat-to-beat blood pressure variability, potentially driven by changes in total peripheral resistance rather than cardiac output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspiratory muscle training enhances cardiac autonomic response to orthostatic stress in patients with Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study","authors":"Felipe Castro Ferreira ,&nbsp;Michelle Cristina Salabert Vaz Padilha ,&nbsp;Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares ,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Araujo-Leite ,&nbsp;Gabriel Dias Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this pilot study, eight patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and eight age-matched healthy controls completed a 5-week home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program. Maximal inspiratory pressure and heart rate variability during sitting (SIT) and orthostatic stress were assessed before and after IMT. Both groups exhibited better maximal inspiratory pressure and vagal modulation of the heart in the SIT position post-IMT. However, only patients with PD showed enhanced cardiac autonomic modulation during orthostatic stress. These findings suggest that IMT may improve the cardiac autonomic response to orthostatic stress in patients with PD, warranting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise and the autonomic nervous system: New insights and future directions","authors":"James P. Fisher ,&nbsp;Lauro C. Vianna","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}