Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of heat treatment on exercise pressor reflex in hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion: Does the temperature gradient matter?","authors":"Lu Qin,&nbsp;Xuexin Zhang,&nbsp;Jianhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine the effect of heat treatment (HT) with two temperature gradients in skeletal muscle: 1.5 and 3 °C, on the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) responses following limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Specifically, the involvement role of the P2Xs (receptors of ATP) pathway in the muscle afferent neurons was accessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An experimental IR model was induced by 6 h of ischemia followed by 18 h of reperfusion in rats (IR rats). For HT groups, three HT sessions (muscle temperature increased by 1.5 or 3 °C) lasted for 30 mins each were applied. EPR responses were evoked by static muscle contraction (30s). Protein expression of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) was evaluated by western blot. In addition, a calcium imaging study was applied to detect calcium influx induced by activation of P2X3 in the isolated muscle DRG neurons of studied animal groups. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to the static muscle contraction was significantly exaggerated in rats of IR 18 h (vs. sham, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The exaggerated BP response was attenuated with increasing Tm by 1.5 and 3 °C (vs. IR, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The expression of the P2X3 receptor was significantly enhanced in the DRGs of IR 18 h rats (vs. sham, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The upregulated P2X3 was suppressed in the DRGs of IR 18 h rats +HT of 1.5 °C and 3 °C (vs. IR, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In the isolated muscle afferent neurons, the Ca²⁺ entry induced by extracellular application of α,β-Me-ATP (30 μM) were significantly increased in IR rats (vs. sham, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Both HT protocols suppressed the enhanced IR-induced Ca²⁺ entry (vs. IR, p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference between the BP responses in HT1.5 °C and 3 °C groups, nor P2X3 expression in muscle afferent DRG, P2X-mediated Ca²⁺ entry in isolated muscle afferent neurons (all <em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IR injury leads to upregulation of EPR responses, and HT attenuates this effect. The P2X3 signaling pathway was involved in the beneficial regulatory effect of HT on EPR in IR. The temperature gradient did not play a role in the extent of BP and muscle afferent P2X pathway activity attenuation in the present study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 103290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term effects of parity on maternal autonomic function","authors":"Virginia R. Nuckols ,&nbsp;Kristen G. Davis ,&nbsp;Mark K. Santillan ,&nbsp;Donna A. Santillan ,&nbsp;Gary L. Pierce","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanisms by which parity and gravidity, number of pregnancies reaching twenty weeks gestational age and total number of pregnancies, respectively, contribute to cardiovascular disease risk remains unknown. Autonomic function was assessed in 65 parous women 1–5 years after normotensive pregnancy, quantified by spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV). Gravidity was negatively associated with BRS independent of age and body mass index (β = −2.01, <em>P</em> = 0.003). A similar trend was observed with greater parity (β = −1.74, <em>P</em> = 0.06). Gravidity and parity were not associated with BPV. These findings suggest a persistent and cumulative adverse effect of pregnancy on cardiac autonomic function in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute hyperoxia elicits decreases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity and action potential activation in a sex-dependent manner","authors":"Jinan Saboune ,&nbsp;Brittany K. Schwende ,&nbsp;Amélie Debray ,&nbsp;Charlotte W. Usselman ,&nbsp;Margie H. Davenport ,&nbsp;Craig D. Steinback","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute hyperoxia (100 % oxygen) has been shown to reduce muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), suggesting that hyperoxia could be a potential strategy for lowering blood pressure. However, the efficacy of hyperoxia to reduce blood pressure (e.g., mean arterial pressure; MAP) remains unclear. Therefore, we compared MSNA and MAP responses to acute hyperoxia (1-min pokilocapnic + 3-min, PetO₂ O₂ + 300 Torr) between 18 females and 13 males. Baseline integrated total MSNA was not different between females and males (24 ± 7 vs 23 ± 8 bursts/min, respectively; <em>P</em> = 0.68) while MAP was lower in females than males (85 ± 7 vs 93 ± 7 mmHg; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Overall, hyperoxia evoked reductions in MSNA burst frequency (BF; <em>P</em> = 0.02) but not burst amplitude (BA; <em>P</em> = 0.82) or total MSNA (=BF ∗ BA; <em>P</em> = 0.26), To further probe these responses, 1-min nadir total MSNA response to hyperoxia were extracted within each participant. Total MSNA was reduced from baseline during nadir hyperoxia only in males (sex ∗ cond: <em>P</em> = 0.04). Females exhibited a bimodal distribution of sympatho-inhibitors (F_I) and non-inhibitors (F_NI). F_NI demonstrated limited reductions in BF (<em>P</em> = 0.11 vs inhibitors) coupled with increases in BA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01 vs inhibitors), resulting in no net change in total MSNA (P &lt; 0.01 vs inhibitors). Mechanistically, action potential (AP) detection analyses revealed that F_NI increased AP firing during hyperoxia (baseline: 313 ± 172 vs hyperoxia: 404 ± 192 spikes/min; <em>P</em> = 0.02), whereas hyperoxia blunted AP firing in F_I (baseline: 387 ± 263 vs hyperoxia: 267 ± 199 spikes/min; <em>P</em> = 0.02). In sum, approximately 50 % of healthy females responded to acute hyperoxia with unexpected increases in AP firing. These data may suggest that benefit of hyperoxia as a sympatho-inhibitor may be limited in young and healthy females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cardiovascular disease risk in transgender, gender-diverse, and non-binary adults associated with autonomic imbalance?","authors":"Keila Turino Miranda ,&nbsp;Brittany K. Schwende ,&nbsp;Alicia Duval ,&nbsp;Carl G. Streed Jr ,&nbsp;Shannon I. Delage ,&nbsp;Kit Chokly ,&nbsp;Vegas Hodgins ,&nbsp;Charlotte W. Usselman","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blood pressure is a key indicator of cardiovascular health with chronically high levels increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as heart attack and stroke. Emerging evidence shows that transgender, gender-diverse, and non-binary (TGD) adults tend to have higher blood pressure than age-matched cisgender adults, corresponding to an increased CVD risk in this population. Yet, the mechanisms underlying elevated blood pressure in TGD adults remain unclear, posing challenges to TGD-affirming healthcare. Given the autonomic nervous system's role in CVD – wherein reduced parasympathetic and heightened sympathetic activity are key risk factors for CVD – this review explores the question: “Is cardiovascular disease risk in TGD adults associated with autonomic imbalance?” Limited research exists on autonomic balance within TGD populations. Accordingly, this review considers how TGD-specific factors, such as minority stress, lifestyle behaviors, sex and gender, and hormones (i.e., testosterone, estrogen, progesterone), may impact autonomic balance. Finally, this review aims to underscore the critical need for interdisciplinary research to elucidate these mechanisms and advance TGD-inclusive healthcare in the domains of autonomic control of blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for control of refractory hypertension","authors":"Zoe H. Adams ,&nbsp;Emma C. Hart ,&nbsp;Nikunj K. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging treatment for patients with severe drug-resistant hypertension, particularly for those in whom other non-pharmacological treatments (e.g., renal denervation, baroreflex activation therapy) have failed. Growing numbers of case studies demonstrate long-term reductions in blood pressure with DBS of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. This is likely achieved via modulation of autonomic blood pressure control centres, reducing sympathetic outflow to the vasculature. We discuss recent advances, including whether the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray alone is a robust enough target, and whether DBS has the potential to reinstate beneficial physiological characteristics of blood pressure, such as diurnal variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women, orthostatic tolerance, and POTS: a narrative review","authors":"L.K. Fitzgibbon-Collins ,&nbsp;T.J. Pereira ,&nbsp;H. Edgell","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young women experience orthostatic intolerance to a greater degree than men. Numerous physiological pathways could be responsible for this intolerance in both healthy and pathophysiological conditions. This review discusses sex differences in hemodynamics, ventilation, autonomic control, and cerebral blood flow. Further, we discuss these phenomena and their potential exacerbations in postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome (POTS). After normalization for body size women have lower stroke volume and blood volume, and while upright women have reduced ventilation, reduced venous return likely from attenuated respiratory pump and skeletal muscle pump activity, augmented parasympathetic withdrawal, attenuated neurovascular transduction of sympathetic outflow, and increased vasodilatory capacity compared to age-matched men. Women have greater middle cerebral artery blood velocity, potentially impaired cerebral dynamic autoregulation (depending on the timing), yet similar cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide exists between the sexes. Thus, we suggest that the greater incidence of orthostatic intolerance in women is primarily due to hemodynamic control and autonomic function; however, the enhanced parasympathetic withdrawal while upright could theoretically influence cerebral vasodilatory capacity and is proposed as a possibility in need of further investigation. POTS physiology is described briefly due to its increasing prevalence via post-COVID infections. We summarize some potential physiological changes in POTS including hemodynamic and ventilatory control, and we highlight that cerebral blood flow control is impaired and likely plays a role in the symptomology of POTS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single dose of nicotine modulates heart rate variability in rats with induced-ulcerative colitis","authors":"Diba Sadat Miraghaee ,&nbsp;Azadeh Khalili ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Bayat ,&nbsp;Zahra Mousavi ,&nbsp;Milad Nazari ,&nbsp;Marjan Hosseini ,&nbsp;Mahdi Goudarzvand ,&nbsp;Roham Mazloom","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Nicotine, a widely used toxic substance, has various receptors scattered throughout the body that have shown opposite effects on inflammatory disorders. However, the effects of nicotine on heart rate variability in ulcerative colitis are unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of acute nicotine injection on heart rate variability in a rat model of ulcerative colitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six male Wistar rat groups, containing vehicle, UC (induction of ulcerative colitis without treatment), and nicotine (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg), were assessed. First, the rats were anesthetized and the initial electrocardiogram was recorded. Twenty-four hours after the induction of ulcerative colitis with 4 % acetic acid by rectal injection, a second electrocardiogram was recorded. Finally, 15 min after nicotine injection in each group, the last electrocardiogram was recorded. Linear and nonlinear indices of heart rate variability were extracted from the recorded R-R intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A single injection of nicotine at high doses increased the standard deviation of R-R intervals, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, ratio of the short-term deviation to the long-term deviation of R-R intervals, and entropy of R-R intervals in ulcerative colitis animals (at least P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute injection of nicotine at doses 1.5 and 2 mg/kg can improve R-R interval linear indices, balance the ratio of short-term deviation to long-term deviation, and modify the entropy in the induced ulcerative colitis rats. However, further research is needed for the clinical use of acute nicotine injection in ulcerative colitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and clinical comparison of active stand and head-up tilt tests in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)","authors":"Jaiden Uppal,&nbsp;Jacquie R. Baker,&nbsp;Rashmin Hira,&nbsp;Kavithra Karalasingham,&nbsp;Shaun Ranada,&nbsp;Paras Deol,&nbsp;Robert S. Sheldon,&nbsp;Satish R. Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head-up tilt (HUT) and active stand tests (AST) are used in the diagnosis of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), but their relative diagnostic accuracy is unclear. This necessitates a direct comparison under standardized conditions. We aimed to compare the hemodynamic responses and diagnostic accuracy of AST vs. HUT in POTS.</div><div>To address this, patients with POTS (<em>n</em> = 60) completed a 10-min AST followed by HUT on the same day. Beat-to-beat hemodynamics were recorded during 10-min supine baselines and each test. Delta values were calculated for each test (upright 1-min averages minus baseline average).</div><div>Δ[heart rate] increased significantly over time (1_Min: 28 bpm to 10_Min: 40 bpm; P_Time &lt; 0.001), and was greater for HUT (33 bpm vs. 37 bpm; P_ASTvHUT = 0.01), with significant Time x Condition interaction (38 bpm vs. 42 bpm at10min; P_INT &lt; 0.001). Δ[stroke volume] declined over time (1_Min: -18 ml to 10_Min: -32 ml); P_Time &lt; 0.001), with no significant test or interaction effects (P_ASTvHUT = 0.36; P_INT = 0.21). Δ[SBP] decreased (1_Min: −0.3 mmHg to 10_Min: −5.7 mmHg); P_Time &lt; 0.001) over time, with no test or interaction effects.</div><div>Fewer patients met POTS heart rate criteria during the AST (AST: 74 % vs. HUT: 98 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Lowering the threshold to 27 bpm for AST narrowed the gap but was still significantly higher for HUT (AST: 83 % vs HUT: 98 %; <em>p</em> = 0.02).</div><div>Orthostatic tachycardia differs between AST and HUT in patients with POTS. The proportion of patients with POTS meeting the heart rate diagnostic criteria differs significantly between AST and HUT, a discrepancy that can be mitigated by lowering the heart rate threshold for the AST.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote-controlled vagal nerve stimulation attenuates ventricular arrhythmias and prevents heart failure progression in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction","authors":"Feng Hu ,&nbsp;Yali Wang ,&nbsp;Minhua Zang ,&nbsp;Guangyu Li ,&nbsp;Guangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Danfeng Hu ,&nbsp;Lihui Zheng ,&nbsp;Yan Yao ,&nbsp;Jun Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Myocardial infarction (MI) often leads to complications like ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, driven by autonomic nervous system imbalance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel remote-controlled vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) device, featuring adjustable stimulation parameters post-implantation, specifically focusing on its potential to inhibit ventricular arrhythmias and prevent the progression of heart failure in a rat model of acute MI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized, and MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Seven days post-MI, rats were divided into three groups: the MI + VNS group (<em>n</em> = 15), the MI + control group (n = 15), and a sham-operated group (<em>n</em> = 12). In the MI + VNS group, a VNS device was implanted with initial stimulation settings of 0.2 mA, 0.2 ms pulse width, and 20 Hz frequency. During follow-up, stimulation parameters were adjusted to maintain a 5–20 % reduction in heart rate from baseline. Cardiac function, arrhythmia inducibility, and myocardial fibrosis were assessed four weeks after VNS implantation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Remote-controlled VNS significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared to the MI + control group (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The left ventricular end-systolic diameter was also significantly reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Additionally, VNS-treated rats exhibited a lower incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias (<em>P</em> = 0.003) and a reduction in myocardial fibrosis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide and noradrenaline were also significantly lower in the VNS group compared to controls (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that remote-controlled VNS offers a novel and dynamic approach to treating MI-related complications. By allowing for adaptive stimulation in response to real-time physiological changes, remote-controlled VNS may represent a valuable strategy for reducing the risk of heart failure and arrhythmias post-MI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular and neuroimmune adaptations to enalapril and exercise training: A comparative study in male and ovariectomized female spontaneously hypertensive rats","authors":"Gabriel do Carmo Silva ,&nbsp;Maycon Junior Ferreira ,&nbsp;Amanda Aparecida Araujo ,&nbsp;Antonio Viana do Nascimento Filho ,&nbsp;Nathalia Bernardes ,&nbsp;Jônatas Bussador do Amaral ,&nbsp;Maria Cláudia Irigoyen ,&nbsp;Kátia De Angelis","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103280","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Antihypertensive drug and exercise training are commonly prescribed to treat arterial hypertension. However, there is a considerable gap in understanding how physiological mechanisms of male and female adapt to the combination of these approaches. Therefore, we focused to investigate sexual differences in cardiovascular, autonomic, inflammation and systemic oxidative stress adaptations in male and OVX female ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with enalapril associated with moderate-intensity concurrent exercise training. Enalapril (3 mg/kg, diluted in drinking water) and exercise training (3 days/week, moderate intensity) was carried out for 8 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and its variabilities were assessed. Serum and plasma were used for inflammatory and oxidative stress analyses. Enalapril, associated or not with exercise training, induced a reduction in diastolic and mean BP in both sexes; however, only the OVX female groups showed a reduction in systolic BP, as well as resting bradycardia. Both sexes showed improvements in BP and HR variability following the treatments; however, improvement in SD2/SD1 ratio, which indicates how much the heartbeats occur at irregular intervals, and in variance of systolic BP were observed only in trained groups. A higher spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, as well as reduced IL-6/IL-10 were found only in the trained groups. Increased IL-10 was observed in male trained group (vs. other groups). Finally, combination enalapril and exercise training reduced systemic pro-oxidants such as NADPH oxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The findings of our study showed that OVX female SHR, after ovarian hormone deprivation, presented more pronounced effects on hemodynamics, BP variability, and anti-inflammatory profile than hypertensive males with the combination of treatments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Researchers are investigating how the body responds differently in males and females. These differences are also evident when examining how pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches help the body control arterial hypertension. This study aimed to investigate how drug medication combined with exercise affects the heart's ability to self-regulate and how it relates to immune and oxidant defense, with a focus on differences in male and ovariectomized (OVX) female adaptations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study was conducted using hypertensive male and OVX female rats, allocated into: a) sedentary, b) enalapril, or c) enalapril plus exercise groups, totaling six groups (3 males and 3 OVX females, respectively). Enalapril (3 mg/kg/day) and exercise (aerobic and resistance exercises) were prescribed for eight weeks. The effects on blood pressure control, serum, and plasma were assessed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Although both males and OVX females showed improvements in blood pressure after medication, combined or not with exercise, OVX fe","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}