Baltic Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Two galling insects (Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi), one host plant (Fagus sylvatica) – differences between leaf and gall chemical composition","authors":"S. Pilichowski, M. Giertych","doi":"10.46490/474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/474","url":null,"abstract":"Gall-inducing organisms change the chemical properties of galled organs and host plants due to the development of gall tissues that are supposed to shelter the galler and provide it with nutrients. Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi represent the gall midge family (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae). They share a host plant species, the common beech (Fagus sylvatica), whose leaves they use for galling. Their galls are single-chambered and occur on the upper side of the leaf blade. The morphologies of their galls are different, but there are a lack of studies comparing the impact of both species on the common host. Thus, this was the aim of this study. We analysed the total contents of carbon, nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, starch, soluble phenolics and tannins in galls, galled leaves with removed galls and leaves without galls collected in two different forest stands in western Poland (a Scots pine forest with artificially-planted beech trees and a natural beech forest). The influence of the studied gallers on the leaves is species- and forest-dependent. Perhaps seasonal changes and the level of infestation are also responsible for the chemical changes. The content of soluble carbohydrates in the galls of H. annulipes reaches an optimized level and is independent of the forest type. A high infestation level by H. annulipes is manifested itself in an elevated content of total soluble phenolics and tannins in leaves, while gall tissues do not accumulate soluble phenolics. The low levels of nitrogen in the gall tissues of both gallers leads to the rejection of the nutrition hypothesis; however, M. fagi galls act as sinks for soluble carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47915356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in ungulate population use in different hunting grounds in Lithuania","authors":"Tomas Barkauskas","doi":"10.46490/514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/514","url":null,"abstract":"Abundant ungulate populations are considered ecosystem drivers that affect forestry and agriculture. Their management is ecologically and economically based on game density regulations, considering the balance between density and carrying capacity of the territory, population status and dynamics, and hunting needs. \u0000Although the population status and dynamics are not a new question, it is still unclear how to manage populations properly depending on the hunting intensity. We aimed to analyse and compare the ungulate population status like moose, red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Punia pine forest, where the commercial hunting is conducted, and in the hunting grounds managed by hunter clubs in Prienai forest. We performed the study during four hunting seasons 2009 - 2013. The data on harvesting and abundance were obtained from the field works and using the official statistics of the Ministry of Environment. \u0000The moose local populations are not abundant, or animals occur occasionally, and their density does not reach the minimum permissible level. The control of moose is non-purposeful and insufficient on both of study territories. The red deer population is rather stable on areas of hunting clubs while hardly reaches the minimum density level. On the commercial hunting area, the population density 2-3 times exceeds the permissible density level. Red deer population should be used more intensively. Wild boar is used intensively on the areas of hunter clubs, and animal density is close to the permissible level. Unfortunately, on the areas of commercial hunting, wild boar is used passively that is why their density exceeds permissible level even four times. \u0000The main harvested species are red deer and wild boar in both hunting grounds. Their numerous populations stay close to permissible density level. However, gamekeepers keep the larger animal numbers on the areas of commercial hunting. As the main aim is the trophy hunting, the stags and boars are most used when compared to females and young. Therefore, on the areas of commercial hunting, use of wild boar and red deer is unreasonable and their density exceeds permissible level several times. \u0000Keywords: commercial hunting, hunting clubs, population, status, ungulate","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in ungulate population use in different hunting ground units in Lithuania","authors":"Tomas Barkauskas, O. Belova, L. Griciuvienė","doi":"10.46490/BF514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF514","url":null,"abstract":"Abundant ungulate populations are considered ecosystem drivers that affect forestry and agriculture. Their management is ecologically and economically based on game density regulations, considering the balance between density and carrying capacity of the territory, population status and dynamics, as well as hunting needs. \u0000Although the population status and dynamics are not new questions, it is still unclear how to manage populations properly depending on the hunting intensity. We aimed to analyse and compare the ungulate population status like moose, red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Punia pine forest, where the commercial hunting is conducted, and in the hunting grounds managed by hunter clubs in Prienai forest. We performed the study during four hunting seasons of 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013. The data on harvesting and abundance were obtained from the field works and using the official statistics of the Ministry of Environment. \u0000The moose local populations are not abundant, or animals occur occasionally, and their density does not reach the minimum permissible rate. At the same time within the study area, moose hunting is remained to be insufficient. The red deer population is rather stable in the hunting grounds used by hunter clubs while hardly reaches the minimum density rate. On the commercial hunting area, the population density 2-3 times exceeds the permissible density rate. The red deer population should be harvested more intensively. The wild boar is used intensively in the grounds of hunter clubs, while animal density is close to the permissible rate. Unfortunately, on the areas of commercial hunting, wild boar is not actively managed that is why their density exceeds permissible rate even four times. \u0000The main harvested species are red deer and wild boar in both hunting grounds. Their abundant populations stay close to permissible density rate. However, gamekeepers keep the larger animal numbers on the areas of commercial hunting. As the main aim is the trophy hunting, the stags and boars are most used when compared to females and young. Therefore, on the areas of commercial hunting, use of wild boar and red deer is unreasonable and their density exceeds permissible rate several times. Keywords: commercial hunting, hunting clubs, population, status, ungulate","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":"420 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41263157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New generalized height-diameter models for birch in European Russia","authors":"A. Lebedev","doi":"10.46490/bf499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf499","url":null,"abstract":"Height and diameter at breast height are basic variables that are measured in a forest inventory. Generalized models do not require measuring tree heights or number of measurements is minimal. The purpose of this study was to obtain 24 new generalized height-diameter models based on simple basic models, compare them with 9 generalized models selected from other studies, and develop an appropriate height-diameter model for birch in the European Russia. To select models which better describe the relationship between the heights and diameters of the trees, six metrics were used – root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2-adj.), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results show that there are slight differences between all models. The performance statistics showed that model M24 is the most suitable and recommended for predicting the height-diameter relationships for birch trees in this study area. The predicting variables for applying developed generalized models to estimate total tree height require less sampling effort and are derived from conventional forest inventory data which allows to reduce costs and time consumption in field work.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43861096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microhabitat characteristics of brown bear den areas","authors":"D. Ugarković, N. Fabijanić, Kristijan Tomljanović, Davor Krmpotić, N. Ugarković","doi":"10.46490/bf495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf495","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the microhabitat, relief and forest structure characteristics of brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) cave dens and other types of dens in the North Dinarides (Velebit Nature Park) in Croatia. In total, 63 dens were identified, consisting of 89% cave dens and 11% other den types (nest dens 6%, stump dens 3%, trunk dens 2%). In the 20-meter radius around each den, the microhabitat, relief and structural characteristics were recorded, including altitude, slope, exposition, rockiness, forest developmental stage, canopy density, tree height, forest site index, tree basal area, and tree species composition. Based on altitude, the climatic category was determined according to the Köppen climate classification. Most cave dens (62%) were in the temperate climate, at altitudes between 900 and 1,100 m, with a southern exposition and slope class between 30 to 60%. The dens situate in partial canopy density of the third forest site index with tree heights between 16 and 20 m and without forest degradation. Slopes and tree heights were lower (p < 0.019) in cave den areas in comparison to other den types.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of properties of graded density fiberboard produced from wood residues (sawdust and corrugated paper)","authors":"O. Ohwo, Ighoyivwi Onakpoma, Eduvie Okoromaraye","doi":"10.46490/bf494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf494","url":null,"abstract":"Reuse of materials from industrial and services waste streams is pertinent to achieving sustainable forest production. The enormous wood residues generated at sawmill and the disposal of wood-based products poses threat not only to sustenance of the forest resources but also has negative adverse effect on the environment. Limitation exists in the utilization of wood residues as raw material for panel board production in developing countries. This study examined the physical and mechanical properties of graded density fibreboards produced from varying mixture of sawdust and corrugated paper (pulp) at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) in 2019. A 2×9 factorial experiment in one-way analysis of variance was used to test for significant difference between the factors (density and mixing ratio) considered. The results showed that densities of all boards produced varied relating to mixing proportions. The densities increased with increasing content of corrugated paper. Boards produced at 0.45 g/cm3 showed higher density (0.648 g/cm3), bending strength (MOR) (1.47 N/mm2) and lesser water absorption (118.69%) than those produced at 0.65 g/cm3 having values of 0.58 g/cm3, 1.32 N/mm2 and 153.67%, respectively. However, boards produced at 0.65 g/cm3 had higher elasticity in bending (MOE) (209.19 N/mm2) and lesser thickness swelling (6.29%) than those produced at 0.45 g/cm3 having values of 74.87 N/ mm2 and 10.88%, respectively. Panels G (mixing ratio = sawdust : corrugated paper : urea formaldehyde = 20 : 60 : 20), E (30 : 50 : 20) and I (0 : 70 : 20) showed superior features in physical and mechanical properties comparing with panel I being the best mixture. Conclusively, wood residues (sawdust and corrugated paper) are suitable raw materials for fibreboard production.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43433226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-forming processes in profile textural-differentiated forest soils of the Cis-Carpathian region, Ukraine","authors":"T. Yamelynets, Z. Pankiv, S. Malyk","doi":"10.46490/bf472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf472","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the history of soil science development, one of the most controversial issues was the explanation of the genesis of the profile textural-differentiated soils influenced by forest vegetation and climate conditions within the Cis-Carpathian region, Ukraine. Scientists' views on the formation of the eluvial-illuvial, namely granulometric content, and profile differentiation have been and remain ambiguous due to the contradictory criteria of diagnosing the processes of eluvial soil degradation (lessivage, podzolization, eluvial-gleying process) and the almost similar results of these processes. The complexity and ambiguous interpretation of the genetic nature of the profile textural-differentiated soils of the Cis-Carpathian region necessitates the development of clear diagnostic criteria for revealing their genetic nature. The purpose of the work is to establish the diagnostic criteria of elementary soil-forming processes in profile textural-differentiated forest soils of the Cis-Carpathian region based on the analysis of data on soil properties previously collected by the authors. \u0000It has been established that in sod-podzolic soils formed under forest, the main profile-forming elementary process of soil formation is podzolization, which is characterized by the negative values of the eluvial-accumulative coefficients and the coefficient of change of the silicate part for the upper three horizons. The processes of lessivage and segregation are of little intensity in this type of soils. The main profile-forming elementary processes of soil formation in brown-podzolic soils (Neocambic Gleyic Retisols) are lessivage and inner soil argillization with little podzolization, the eluvial-gleying process and segregation effects. \u0000Keywords: forest soils, argillanes, neoplasms, ortsteins, podsolization, elementary soil-forming processes, Cis-Carpathian region","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using spatial data on habitat suitability in estimation of wild boar resources in Russia","authors":"A. Economov, V. Kolesnikov, V. Mashkin, A. Lissovsky","doi":"10.46490/bf486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/bf486","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boar is one of the most important hunting husbandry resources in Eurasian boreal and temperate forests. In Russia, these animals inhabit a large part of the territory; however, official bodies do not allow public access to relevant and unbiased regional statistics. In parallel with official figures, such statistics have been kept for decades by VNIIOZ (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Hunting and Animal Breeding): the resource is estimated using the indirect method of recalculating multiple scores from independent respondents. We compared VNIIOZ long-term datasets with the wild boar habitat suitability distribution in the Russian territory to assess the reliability of these figures and to carry out a pilot evaluation of the need for their adjustment. Our results show a good correlation between the abundance assessment by VNIIOZ and habitat suitability (about 0.7); we also identified several regions where wild boar abundance indicators are sharply dissonant with the existing environmental capacity. We discussed the impact of man-made and natural factors on the population growth rate of wild boar in Russia.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42345658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of coniferous plantations by bats in western Poland during summer","authors":"G. Apoznański, T. Kokurewicz, Justyna Błesznowska, Ewa Kwasiborska, T. Marszałek, M. Górska","doi":"10.46490/BF232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF232","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed commercial plantation forests often receive little or no attention in terms of conservation of protected habitats and species. This study was aimed at assessing the value of such habitats for bats. In July 2015 we used standardised mist netting in 11 locations within and near the Natura 2000 sites “Nietoperek” and “Buczyny Łagowsko-Sulecinskie” in western Poland. Particular attention was paid to mixed plantation forest, usually dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Natural and protected habitats, i.e. riparian woodlands and beech forest were also investigated for comparison. In total 96 bats of 12 species were caught. The highest number of bats (15.0 individuals caught per night) and the highest biodiversity index (H´) was recorded in localities situated in mixed plantation forest. Contrary to common evaluation of this type of habitat, mixed plantation forest may serve important role for local bat populations by providing commuting corridors and possibly also foraging areas. Keywords: Barbastella barbastellus, bat conservation, coniferous plantations, Myotis myotis","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45660047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of Cooperation of Lithuanian Forest Owners: A Case Review","authors":"A. Pivoriūnas","doi":"10.46490/BF455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF455","url":null,"abstract":"There are many ways for private forest owners (PFOs) to manage their properties. One way is to manage it by oneself, to use the individual approach; however, our focus is on a cooperative solution, which, in many cases, is much more challenging due to the incorporation of multiple players and the structure of their forests, not to mention the needs and objectives related to forest management. Cooperative forest management has different forms, as shown by numerous socio-economic theoretical and empirical findings. This paper discusses how the traditional organisational forms of cooperation among Lithuanian forest owners are operating and more specifically, how they are adopting their performance in addressing the goals of forest management. A case study is used to show how cooperation among private forest owners has been developing in Lithuania over recent years and finds some new forms of cooperational management.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48352148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}