Baltic Forestry最新文献

{"title":"The dendrometric characteristics of oak woods in rural landscapes of the East Carpathians","authors":"T. Dudek, M. Korol, S. Havryliuk, V. Dychkevych, A. Bobiec","doi":"10.46490/BF336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF336","url":null,"abstract":"The dendrometric characteristics are functions of tree age and ecological growth conditions. On relatively small areas of homogeneous sites, the stand age structure and the phytosocial interaction between the trees are the major factors influencing the stand characteristics. We hypothesise that the correlation between the basic dendrometric variables and tree age can be used as a yardstick discriminating silvopastoral oak woods from silvicultural stands managed for timber. The tree age, diameter at breast height (DBH), and height (H) were determined in 14 silvopastoral oak woods in the East Carpathian region, which were compared to the respective forest inventory data of 31 silvicultural oak stands. The correlation between DBH, H and their ratio – the slenderness index (si) and age of oaks – were very weak and insignificant compared to the conspicuous age effect on the dendrometric features in the forestry-grown stands, which can be explained by a more complex development dynamics and spatial structure of silvopastoral woods. The study implies that the habitat conditions and processes related to traditional husbandry are better harmonised with the intrinsic oak ecological adaptations than modern silvicultural treatments. Therefore, we advise to promote the revival of silvopastoralism in the Carpathian region as a cost-efficient way of perpetuating the rural ‘oakscape’, an outstanding bio-cultural landscape asset.  Keywords: slenderness index, height-diameter, oak, cultural landscape, agroforestry, cattle grazing, wood-pastures","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46269169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Applying chemical control to suppress liverwort (Marсhantia polymorpha L.) and other mosses when growing containerized seedlings of pine and spruce","authors":"A. Egorov, A. Bubnov, L. Pavluchenkova, A. Partolina, A. Postnikov","doi":"10.46490/BF288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF288","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of bryophytes (liverworts and green mosses) on the substrate surface in containers and cassettes poses a significant problem when growing containerized coniferous seedlings. It requires a complex control programme to significantly minimize the negative effect which mosses, in particular Marсhantia polymorpha L., pose to the growth of containerized pine and spruce seedlings. In addition to the preventive and agrotechnical measures, this programme should also involve application of the physiologically active substances. North American and European nurseries have faced this problem for a long time, Russian nurseries have started to experience it only in recent years due to increased output of containerized pine and spruce seedlings grown in greenhouses. In this paper, we assessed the effectiveness of some herbicides for moss control and their selectivity to pine and spruce seedlings of different ages. The following chemicals were applied in the tests: Goal 24% EC (a.i. oxyfluorfen), Stomp 33% EC (a.i. pendimethalin), Velpar 90% SP (a.i. hexazinone), Pledge 25% WP (a.i. flumioxazin), Mogeton 25% WP (a.i. quinoclamine), Granstar 75% WDG (a.i. tribenuron-methyl), Anchor-85 75% WDG (a.i. sulfometuron methyl) as well as cinnamon oil and baking soda. The experiments were conducted in greenhouses and outdoor fields. It was found that the pre-emergent (before the pine and spruce shoots appear) application of Mogeton WP and baking soda in the greenhouse resulted in the effective suppression of green mosses for up to 20 weeks after the treatment, without any signs of injury in seedlings. Under the same conditions, Goal EC, Stomp EC, Pledge WP and their mixtures in different combinations, as well as Velpar SP caused significant damage to pine and spruce seedlings. The post-emergent treatment by Velpar SP, Pledge WP, Mogeton WP, Granstar WDG, Anchor-85 WDG, as well as cinnamon oil and baking soda, provided effective and long-term control of liverwort and green mosses in cassettes without damage to the seedlings. Key words: Marchantia polymorpha L., pine, spruce, efficacy, selectivity","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45148618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in pine forests, the hemiboreal zone, Lithuania","authors":"V. Marozas, J. Sasnauskienė","doi":"10.46490/BF154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF154","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable forestry plays an important role in applying forest management measures. In many forests, management is oriented towards closer natural forest processes. Silvicultural systems that retain some part of the trees in the stand, such as shelter wood cuttings have been introduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early changes of ground vegetation after shelter wood cuttings in sites of different soil fertility gradient in pine dominated stands on sandy soils in the European hemiboreal zone. The Scots pine stands in which first step of shelter wood cuttings was applied were investigated. The stands were selected in fresh (normal humidity) sites according to soil fertility gradient: very poor, poor and medium fertility soils. All mosses, lichens, herbaceous vegetation and dwarf shrubs were recorded, and projection cover was estimated in June - August. Ellenberg’s indicator figures were used to evaluate site conditions. In shelter wood cuttings (5-6-year-old) the number of species was higher in medium fertile sites than in very poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the abundance of herbaceous species increased in all sites, while the abundance of mosses and lichens decreased. Within the first year after shelter wood cuttings, the abundance of Ericaceae species decreased, and abundance of Rosaceae and Poaceae species increased. Average Ellenberg’s indicator values showed that site conditions changed after shelter wood cuttings. The changes were more intensive in medium fertile sites than in poor sites. After shelter wood cuttings the richness and abundance of ground vegetation changed. The intensity of change differed in sites of certain soil fertility and was caused by alteration of site conditions, which were more homogenous in sites of the certain fertility in uncut stands than in cuttings. Key words: herbs, mosses, non-clear cuttings, vegetation","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term performance of Norway spruce in two provenance trials in Latvia","authors":"P. Zeltiņš, A. Gailis, I. Zariņa","doi":"10.46490/BF195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF195","url":null,"abstract":"Norway spruce is economically important tree species in the Baltic Sea region, covering large areas and being productive in pure plantations. The species is often regenerated with planting. It is important to choose not only productive, but also robust reproductive material with good adaptability, hardiness and quality traits. The use of appropriate transferred provenances can be an option to increase forest productivity at final-harvest moment. Thus, it is necessary to know long-term fitness of different seedlots. We examined two provenances trials in Western and Eastern Latvia at the age of 34 and 29 years, respectively. We assessed effect of provenance on growth performance, stem quality, and budburst time. In milder climate of Western Latvia, superior growth showed northward-transferred later flushing provenances from the Carpathian Mountains and Lithuania, resulting in by up to 32 % higher yield than the trial mean. No advantages were observed for early flushing Western Russian seedlots facing southward transfer. Latvian provenances showed variable performance regarding productivity and stem quality. In harsher climate of Eastern Latvia, selection of productive local seedlots seemed reasonable option due to relatively lower probability of trees with stem defects comparing to transferred material.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The loss of woody linear landscape elements in agriculture landscape in Wielkopolska region (Poland) in 21th century","authors":"K. Kujawa, K. Janku, Mostefa Mana, A. Choryński","doi":"10.46490/BF459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF459","url":null,"abstract":"With the loss of natural and semi-natural habitats, the diversity and the amount of ecosystem services that can be provided in the agricultural landscape are diminishing, and self-regulatory abilities decrease. The aim of the research (72 sample plots – 1 x 1 km squares, mean  time span equal to 8 years) was to recognise the changes in the number and length of woody (tree or shrub) linear landscape elements, and the number of solitary trees in the Wielkopolska region to verify how rapid development of agriculture in Poland in the 21st century affects the landscape structure. The analyses show a decline by 9.3% (from 2.17 to 1.97 km/km2) in length of woody linear elements, 7.4% (from 16.5 to 15.0 per km2) in number of woody linear elements, and 14.6% (from 28.8 to 24.4 per km2) in solitary trees. The loss was significantly faster in the period (2017-2018) of liberalisation of the regulations on tree and shrub removal, mainly due to a high rate of removal in plots located in an urbanized landscape. The decrease in length of woody linear elements occurred in all the categories of their location distinguished in the study (by 9-41% in a category). The highest loss occurred in the woody linear elements located along melioration ditches and water courses, along roads, and in the outskirt of towns. These changes are similar to those occurring in the 20th century in western Europe. The decrease in the number of woody linear landscape elements and solitary trees can be considered an indicator of the unsustainable agriculture management.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42178736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary results from a plantation of semi-arid hybrid of Paulownia Clone in vitro 112® under conditions of the Czech Republic from the first two years","authors":"J. Kadlec, K. Novosadová, R. Pokorný","doi":"10.46490/BF477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF477","url":null,"abstract":"A private owner established a plantation of a semi-arid hybrid of Paulownia Clone in vitro 112® near the village of Střelice u Brna in 2016. We split the plantation according to terrain micro-relief (into three expositions: South slope, Plain area and North slope) and according to the applied biotechnology of planting (into two parts: each with planting into 20 and 30 cm holes in diameter). We tested different winter protection techniques for above and belowground plant organs. The results suggest that plants inside the 30 cm holes survive and grow better than those inside the 20 cm ones, regardless of terrain micro-relief. On the other hand, plants inside the 20 cm holes survive and grow better on flat areas compared to the others. The most effective protection of the root system against frost during the wintertime seems to be simple soil covering. We have also recognized that bandage of non-woven fabric is the best protection for the above-ground parts of the plants. However, growing conditions in the Czech Republic (CR) are different to those in semi-arid climate for which researchers bred the Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®. It is possible to achieve well-growing and surviving Paulownia plants under growing conditions of the CR when appropriate biotechnology and continuous treatment are applied. Keywords: Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®, plantation, exposition, mortality, growth, protection against frost damage","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45011089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ideas within the framework of the genetic approach to the classification of forest types","authors":"V. Fomin, A. Mikhailovich, S. Zalesov, A. Popov, G. Terekhov","doi":"10.46490/BF466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of achievements and the current state of one of the main trends of forest typological studies in the Russian Federation, namely, the genetic approach to the classification of forest types. The article describes the theoretical foundations of genetic typologies created by the founders of this approach. The article explains the relationship between the concepts of the forest-forming process and forest types. This article also includes a detailed description of the concept of forest-forming epochs according to the degree and depth of human impact on forests, as well as the forms and technical means of this impact, with examples of the practical use of genetic typologies in forest engineering and management. The article provides an analysis of the main directions of development and improvement of genetic typologies, taking into account anthropogenic impacts at different levels and strengths, climate change, and the use of new technologies to reveal the potential of the genetic approach to the classification of forest types.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45351884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reintroduction of the European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Białowieża Forest","authors":"A. Marozau, Uladzimir Kotsan, Adam Kalishuk","doi":"10.46490/BF527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF527","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996 and 1998, Professor A. Korczyk created a half-sib plantation of the European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Polish part of Białowieża Forest (Hajnówka Forest District, sub-district Wilczy Jar, subcompartments 416Ag and 416Сf). The planting was carried out in furrows at a spacing of 1.3 x 1m in three plots of 0.22 ha each in an area of fresh forest. To grow the seedlings, seeds from the “Tisovik” tract (in the Belarusian part of Białowieża Forest) were used. According to some researchers, the Abies alba in this tract has a natural origin and is a relic of Białowieża Forest. Given this circumstance, and also in connection with the mass drying-out of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), there is a practical interest in studying the growth of fir crops in this territory. The results of our studies (2018) indicated the very intensive growth of this species in 22-year-old cultures (subcompartment 416Ag, plot 1, 10 half-sib families). The trees showed no signs of disease or insect damage, the crowns were conical in shape and the shoots were densely covered with needles. The good state of the forest planting can be considered as evidence of soil hydrological conditions suitable for growth and meeting the A. alba’s ecological and biological needs, as well as confirmation of its autochthonous nature.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45686827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest soil charcoal and historical land use","authors":"Pille Tomson, T. Kaart, K. Sepp","doi":"10.46490/BF478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF478","url":null,"abstract":"Charcoal deposits in forest soils have been considered mainly in the context of wildfires. However, slash-and-burn cultivation has been widespread in Northern Europe until the beginning of the 20th century and extensive areas of former swiddens are now covered by forests. \u0000The study sites were in Karula National Park in Southern Estonia. 19th-century cadastral maps were used to identify the historical land use. Macroscopic (visible) charcoal was studied in 57 soil pits, located in historical slash-and-burn sites, forests, former arable fields, recent forest fire sites, and experimental slash-and-burn fields. The locations of charcoal in the soil profile were recorded. In four sites, the charcoal samples were dated. \u0000Charcoal is widespread in boreal forest soils. A considerable proportion of this could originate from historical slash-and-burn cultivation. The charcoal depth was related to agricultural land use duration and methods at different intensities. The location of the charcoal-rich layer reflected the historical cultivation best, though patchy spatial distribution and the evident translocation of charcoal from different fire events complicates the interpretation of the charcoal pattern. Not all translocation mechanisms have yet been explained.","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of clear-cutting on groundwater regime in swampy habitats","authors":"R. Stasik, M. Sojka, M. Korytowski","doi":"10.46490/BF151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46490/BF151","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was evaluation of clear-cutting effect on water regime in a tree harvesting area. The results were made based on the study carried out in the Rakowski Ditch catchment, in Wielkopolska lowland in Poland. It was found that a more useful method to establish the effects of clear-cutting is to compare the groundwater level (GWL) in the post-clear-cutting area with that in a control area than to analyse the GWL changes in the same area before and after the clear-cutting. Regression analysis is a particularly useful tool in groundwater regime analyses. The results obtained in this study indicated that the groundwater regime changes in the post-clear-cutting area that were manifested as an increase in the mean GWL. The major changes in the groundwater regime after clear-cutting were observed in the minimum levels, while the lowest changes took place in the maximum GWL. The variation in GWL was higher in the period after clear-cutting than in the period before it. The analysis of linear regression of GWL in the well located in the clear-cutting area and that in the control area confirmed the change in the groundwater regime in the post-clear-cutting area. Stronger relations in the period before clear-cutting were observed. \u0000Key words: clear-cutting, groundwater, forest catchment, swampy habitats \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55404,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Forestry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46974036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}