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Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 4/2024
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202480411
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引用次数: 0
Titelbild: (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 4/2024)
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202480401
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引用次数: 0
To Eat or Not to Eat: The Donkey as Food and Medicine in Chinese Society from the Medieval Period to the Qing Dynasty
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400003
Shih-hsun Liu
{"title":"To Eat or Not to Eat: The Donkey as Food and Medicine in Chinese Society from the Medieval Period to the Qing Dynasty","authors":"Shih-hsun Liu","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans and donkeys have had a closely interactive relationship throughout history, despite being two completely different species. How has Chinese society viewed the donkey in its long history? How have donkeys been used? And what kind of boundaries do people place on the donkey? This study has focused on the consumption of donkey in Chinese history from medical, cultural and legal aspects. All in all, considering food, medicine, and legal viewpoints, from the medieval period to the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), the question whether or not one should consume donkey depended on its characteristics, taste, texture, and the side effects, as well as whether the manner of consumption is consistent with social moral standards and its derived legal boundary issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"418-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The British Missionaries’ Attempts to Identify Chinese Medicine** 英国传教士识别中医的尝试。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400007
Che-chia Chang
{"title":"The British Missionaries’ Attempts to Identify Chinese Medicine**","authors":"Che-chia Chang","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Western world has a profound historical engagement with medicinal resources originating from China. Following the Opium War, missionaries were granted access to China and established residence there. Motivated by clinical necessities and the inquisitiveness of the Western scientific community, these missionaries meticulously documented the medicinal resources available in China, endeavoring to incorporate this knowledge into Western pharmacology. Among the various reports produced in multiple languages, the contributions in English have emerged as particularly influential. This article seeks to analyze the information-gathering processes within the missionary network and among other naturalists, commencing with Robert Morrison, the inaugural compiler of the English-Chinese dictionary, and extending to Stephen A. Hunter, who collaborated with Chinese officials to develop a complete translation for pharmaceutical nomenclature.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"306-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Materialities of the In/between: Drugs and Medical Knowledge between Europe and East Asia 之间的物质性：欧洲与东亚之间的药物与医学知识》。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400008
Dominik Merdes, Bettina Wahrig
{"title":"Materialities of the In/between: Drugs and Medical Knowledge between Europe and East Asia","authors":"Dominik Merdes,&nbsp;Bettina Wahrig","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This special issue presents six research papers that were developed within the Taiwanese-German working group “Materialities of Medical Cultures in/between Europe and East Asia.” Our working group uses the concept of “in/between” as an umbrella term to study the cultural history of drugs and the practices of medicine and care. This issue's articles address the question of how drugs and medical knowledge emerged from the various in/between spaces created by encounters between East Asian and European medical cultures. Their focus is on the entanglements of matters and knowledge in the contexts of mission and colonialism, the production of medicinal substances and helminthology, as well as on premodern knowledge cultures concerning childbirth and the preparation and consumption of animals with a medicinal background. The contributions present a comparative perspective on material and knowledge cultures surrounding medical materials from plants, animals, and humans. In this introduction, we summarize the discussions within our Taiwan-German working group as case studies on how scholars of East Asian and European studies can meet under the “in/between” umbrella term as a productive approach to an interdisciplinary and comparative history of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Placenta in Premodern Europe—a Cultural and Pharmaceutical Agent** 前现代欧洲的人类胎盘--一种文化和药剂。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400004
Bettina Wahrig
{"title":"Human Placenta in Premodern Europe—a Cultural and Pharmaceutical Agent**","authors":"Bettina Wahrig","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper was prompted by some striking similarities between both the ritual and the medical use of placenta in Ming China and in premodern Europe. Contrary to most accounts, which focus either on the rise of chemiatric medicine or on the growing interest in “exotic” substances, the seventeenth century in Europe also reveals a revived interest in substances from animals, including materials from human bodies. The paper will analyse the use of words signifying the placenta, and follow the trace of vernacular knowledge about the placenta and its role in birth-giving, and in medieval medical texts on women's medicine. I will then analyse how the placenta is treated in systems of signatures in the age of alchemy and will try to trace the advent of more complicated preparations in the seventeenth century, and how between the eighteenth and the twenty-first century, the placenta meandered between a token of folk medicine (re)productive material and pharmaceutical resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"396-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Promising Tropical Medicinal Plant: Taiwan as the Production Hub of Japan's Coca Empire** 前景广阔的热带药用植物：台湾是日本古柯的生产中心。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400005
Shao-li Lu
{"title":"A Promising Tropical Medicinal Plant: Taiwan as the Production Hub of Japan's Coca Empire**","authors":"Shao-li Lu","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Before World War II, Taiwan became the second-largest coca leaf production base in Asia, second only to Java, contributing to Japan's position as the world's largest exporter of cocaine. While Japan's opium empire has been the subject of extensive academic inquiry, its coca empire has received far less attention. This article explores Taiwan's role in Japan's dual empire of opium and coca, focusing on the environmental and historical factors that enabled the island to rapidly expand coca production. It finds that, in addition to Taiwan's favorable climate for coca cultivation, the island's long-established tea industry provided mature techniques for harvesting and drying the coca leaves. Furthermore, the sugar company supplied the necessary equipment and capital for the extraction of cocaine, becoming a key resource in the industry's development. Learning from the limitations of the opium monopoly—where raw materials were increasingly constrained by international markets—the colonial government sought to promote self-sufficiency in coca production. This strategy not only ensured a stable supply of raw materials but also allowed the coca industry to balance for the declining incomes from opium as international controls tightened. From all angles, the coca industry met Japan's expectations as a “promising drug.”</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"352-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Western Anthelmintics in Early Twentieth-Century China Colonial Practices and Knowledge on “Tropical Diseases” of the In/between** 二十世纪初中国的西方抗疟药殖民实践与关于 "热带病 "的知识。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400001
Dominik Merdes
{"title":"Western Anthelmintics in Early Twentieth-Century China Colonial Practices and Knowledge on “Tropical Diseases” of the In/between**","authors":"Dominik Merdes","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protestant (medical) missionaries were the main proponents of Western medicine in China after the Opium Wars. Several studies have highlighted how they used spectacular surgery as a means of gaining public trust. As well as surgery, they also administered anthelmintic drugs such as santonin as a tool of persuasion and conversion. Many anthelmintic drugs of the European <i>materia medica</i> had a colonial history. My paper analyses how <i>coloniality</i> materialised in medical practice and anthelmintics in China. For the late nineteenth century, I will examine the colonial practices in which the drug santonin was involved. At the time, santonin was the drug of choice for treating roundworm. In the early twentieth century, medical missionaries became involved in parasitological research on parasitic worms such as hookworm and <i>Fasciolopsis buski</i>. For this period, I will explore how new knowledge about anthelmintics emerged in the scattered knowledge space of China, and how it related to colonialism and imperialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"330-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Living and Non-living: Materiality of the Placenta in Ming China** 生命与非生命之间：明代中国胎盘的物质性。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400002
Hsiu-fen Chen
{"title":"Between Living and Non-living: Materiality of the Placenta in Ming China**","authors":"Hsiu-fen Chen","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores materiality and material cultures of human placenta in Ming China (1368–1644), for it perfectly displays Chinese ambiguous attitudes towards the human body parts between living and non-living. For a long time, the Chinese had widely applied human body parts in medical treatments and ritual healings. Numerous evidences in relation to their collection, production, efficacy and application are widely recorded in medical works, in particular those found in <i>materia medica</i>. In the sixteenth century, the <i>Bencao gangmu</i> (Systemic Materia Medica, 1596) illustrates thirty-five “human body drugs.” Of those, the placenta was believed effective for curing illnesses, nourishing the body and prolonging life. The questions to be answered include: how is the placenta perceived in medical and religious discourses? What is its “materiality” and “efficacy” when it becomes a drug? What ethical issues and moral concerns are involved with eating the placenta? Last but not least, how was the placenta ritually buried after childbirth in premodern China? In so doing, this essay aims to provide a better understanding of the placenta situated in both material and cosmological worlds. It helps us rethink the multiple relations of human body part to part, part to whole, and body to body.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"382-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Titelbild: (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 3/2024) 封面图片： (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 3/2024)
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202480301
{"title":"Titelbild: (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 3/2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202480301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202480301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 3","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202480301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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