Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte最新文献

Bringing Small Devices, Giving Design Advice: Introducing Radiation Protection Practices in Greece via the IAEA's Visiting Professor Program. 携带小型设备，提供设计建议：通过国际原子能机构访问教授计划介绍希腊的辐射防护措施。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400022

Loukas Freris

{"title":"Bringing Small Devices, Giving Design Advice: Introducing Radiation Protection Practices in Greece via the IAEA's Visiting Professor Program.","authors":"Loukas Freris","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202400022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) expert mission for technical assistance in the late 1950s to Greece was effectively transformed into a mission to achieve the IAEA's central objective: to consolidate its position as the leading global authority on radiation protection. The study focuses on the work of Alfred Maddock, a professor at the University of Cambridge. In 1959, Maddock arrived in Greece as part of one of the IAEA's original missions, contributing to an educational program on radioisotopes. Beyond providing educational services, Maddock accomplished something more significant. As the Agency's facilitator, he introduced radiation protection materials and concepts to the country in accordance with the IAEA protocols. He introduced dosimetry devices (film badges) and, at the same time, reviewed, modified, and created architectural plans for the laboratories of the Greek Nuclear Centre to meet the IAEA safety standards. It is argued that Maddock's visit to Greece transcended a mere one-sided enforcement process. Rather, it catalyzed a dynamic interaction between Greece and the IAEA, characterized by robust elements of mutual cooperation. This mission stands as a prime example of the gradual integration of IAEA culture within a member state, tailored to local needs and conditions.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Algorithmic Relationships in Babylonian Astronomical Procedure Texts. 巴比伦天文程序文本中的算法关系。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400021

Erica L Meszaros

引用次数: 0

Economic Rationality and International Humanitarianism: Ryōkichi Sagane's Advocacy Regarding the Introduction of Foreign Nuclear Reactors to Japan. 经济理性与国际人道主义：Ryōkichi佐根对引进外国核反应堆的主张。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400018

Masahiro Inohana

{"title":"Economic Rationality and International Humanitarianism: Ryōkichi Sagane's Advocacy Regarding the Introduction of Foreign Nuclear Reactors to Japan.","authors":"Masahiro Inohana","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202400018","url":null,"abstract":"The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident underscored the crucial role of nuclear engineering experts. However, the specific arguments and motivations of scientists advocating for the introduction of foreign reactors remain unclear. This study delves into the contribution of Ryōkichi Sagane (1905-1969), a prominent figure during their introduction, and analyzes the specifics of his arguments for the importation of reactors examining his motivations and background. Sagane, who studied nuclear physics in the U.S., gained expertise in nuclear experiments and became acquainted with American scientists. In the late 1950s, with the period of Japan's adoption of nuclear power, he understood the arguments of foreign and domestic experts and disseminated this information to the public. His claims for importation of reactors rested predominantly on the ground of economic and managerial rationality. Beyond mere rationalism, Sagane's drive for reactor introduction was rooted in international humanitarianism based on personal friendships that transcended national borders. The rhetoric of promoting nuclear power for the sake of humanity resonated with the nuclear energy policy of the U.S. during the early Cold War. However, unlike the motivation of the U.S. to suppress opposition to the development of nuclear weapons, Sagane's motivation arose from his scientific practice.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invisible Labor and the "Ghost Particle": Underground Physics at the Kolar Gold Fields. 看不见的劳动和“幽灵粒子”：科拉尔金矿的地下物理。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400020

Nithyanand Rao

{"title":"Invisible Labor and the \"Ghost Particle\": Underground Physics at the Kolar Gold Fields.","authors":"Nithyanand Rao","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202400020","url":null,"abstract":"When cosmic rays-high-energy particles from outer space-encounter the Earth's atmosphere, they produce particles called neutrinos. To detect them, physicists go underground inside deep mines where the overlying rock can filter out the cosmic-ray background radiation. I examine how the first such detection of neutrinos in 1965 by an international team of physicists at the Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) in India-a gold mine where the British began mining in 1880-was made possible by the invisible labor of lowered-caste, or Dalit, miners. By studying the underground, this paper contributes to recent attention to verticality in the history of science, while moving away from the dominant approach to spatial studies of sites of science, the lab-field framework, and instead examining the social, political, and economic conditions that made KGF, with its depth, possible as a site for physics. Using labor histories of KGF and archival material about the experiments, I argue that the mines became nearly three kilometers deep only because of a regime of racialized labor in which Dalit miners worked in difficult and dangerous conditions for less than subsistence-level wages. I also show how the experiments depended on this invisible labor that ran the mines.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Curious Concept That Almost Nobody Seemed to Care About at First: Virtual Particles in the Post-War Period. 一开始几乎没有人关心的奇怪概念：战后时期的虚拟粒子。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400023

Jean-Philippe Martinez

{"title":"The Curious Concept That Almost Nobody Seemed to Care About at First: Virtual Particles in the Post-War Period.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Martinez","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202400023","url":null,"abstract":"Short-lived, unobservable, and not subject to the usual rules of conservation of energy and momentum, virtual particles-an integral part of the conceptual framework of quantum field theory (QFT)-exhibit a number of curious characteristics which, in recent decades, have in part fueled important discussions about their ontological status. Central to these debates is Richard Feynman's diagrammatic technique for QFT calculations, which provided in the late 1940s the first systematized and generalized description of the concept of virtual particles. At the time, however, the curious characteristics and the ontology of the latter were the subject of little, if any, debate. This article explores how the concept of virtual particles gradually became subject to interpretative scrutiny in the post-war period. It examines the weight of various aspects of pre-Feynman developments which once guaranteed a firmer phenomenological anchoring of the scientific practices associated with the virtual particle concept. Subsequently, it shows how the questioning of this concept did not result from a simple assessment of its curious characteristics but was part of a wider critique of the new quantum electrodynamics and Feynman's methods.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 4/2024 目录:接受.Wissenschaftsgesch . 4/2024

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202480411

引用次数: 0

Titelbild: (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 4/2024) 想你闻:(接受.Wissenschaftsgesch . 4/2024)

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202480401

引用次数: 0

To Eat or Not to Eat: The Donkey as Food and Medicine in Chinese Society from the Medieval Period to the Qing Dynasty 吃还是不吃：从中世纪到清代中国社会的食药驴。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400003

Shih-hsun Liu

引用次数: 0

The British Missionaries’ Attempts to Identify Chinese Medicine** 英国传教士识别中医的尝试。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400007

Che-chia Chang

引用次数: 0

Materialities of the In/between: Drugs and Medical Knowledge between Europe and East Asia 之间的物质性：欧洲与东亚之间的药物与医学知识》。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202400008

Dominik Merdes, Bettina Wahrig

{"title":"Materialities of the In/between: Drugs and Medical Knowledge between Europe and East Asia","authors":"Dominik Merdes, Bettina Wahrig","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400008","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue presents six research papers that were developed within the Taiwanese-German working group “Materialities of Medical Cultures in/between Europe and East Asia.” Our working group uses the concept of “in/between” as an umbrella term to study the cultural history of drugs and the practices of medicine and care. This issue's articles address the question of how drugs and medical knowledge emerged from the various in/between spaces created by encounters between East Asian and European medical cultures. Their focus is on the entanglements of matters and knowledge in the contexts of mission and colonialism, the production of medicinal substances and helminthology, as well as on premodern knowledge cultures concerning childbirth and the preparation and consumption of animals with a medicinal background. The contributions present a comparative perspective on material and knowledge cultures surrounding medical materials from plants, animals, and humans. In this introduction, we summarize the discussions within our Taiwan-German working group as case studies on how scholars of East Asian and European studies can meet under the “in/between” umbrella term as a productive approach to an interdisciplinary and comparative history of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"47 4","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0