Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte最新文献

{"title":"Research Interviews in Historical Practice.","authors":"Lara Keuck, Soraya de Chadarevian","doi":"10.1002/bewi.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key difference between collecting life stories and doing research interviews is the role of the interviewer. While training in oral history may focus on using standard scripts to take a life story, research interviews are motivated by specific questions that arise from particular historical projects and are often not primarily focused on the biography of the interviewee. Therefore, the research interview can be seen as being both less personal with regard to the personal life story of the interviewee and more personal with respect to the foregrounding of the specific interests of the interviewer. Soraya de Chadarevian has been one of the first historians of science to systematically reflect on this and other differences between life story interviews and research interviews. In this contribution, Lara Keuck, who has herself made use of interviews in her research, interrogates de Chadarevian on her approach to research interviews in her historical practice. They discuss how de Chadarevian's personal approach has developed and changed over the past three decades and reflect on the methodological implications that can be distilled from this experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":"e70000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bausteine zu einer Oral History der Wissenscnaftsgeschichte Auf der Suche: von der Biologie und der Philosophie zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Interview mit Soraya de Chadarevian.","authors":"Soraya de Chadarevian, Mathias Grote, Anke Te Heesen","doi":"10.1002/bewi.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wie kann man einen historischen Blick auf das eigene Fach werfen? Diese Frage ist nicht einfach zu beantworten - will man einerseits nicht in einer Nabelschau und Hagiographie enden, andererseits aber auch keinen umfassenden Entwurf einer zukünftigen Historiographie vorlegen. Die hier in loser Folge publizierten Interviews mit bekannten Protagonist:innen der Berliner Wissenschaftsgeschichte von ca. 1970-1990 in West und Ost rücken die Geschichte des Faches deshalb in einem bestimmten Milieu in den Fokus und versuchen, die Historiographie jenseits einer Institutionen- oder Theoriegeschichte voranzutreiben. Welche Motivationen oder Probleme bewegten einzelne Wissenschaftler:innen, sich der Geschichte ihres Faches zu widmen oder sich etwa aus der Soziologie oder Philosophie in die Wissenschaftsgeschichte zu bewegen? Welche Ausbildungspraktiken existierten in diesem heterogenen, zwischen den Disziplinen angesiedelten Feld, welche Anregungen bezog man aus welchen Kontexten? Wie war Lehre strukturiert und welche Netzwerke bildeten sich mit der Zeit? Kurz: Mit welchem Interesse kam man zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte und was wurde daraus? Die Auswahl der Interviewees erfolgt ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit oder Proporz; der Fragenkatalog der Interviews richtet sich individuell nach den Biographien und dem Werk und entfaltet sich oft spontan im Gespräch. Die Interviews wurden digital aufgezeichnet, transkribiert, der Schriftsprache angepasst, gegebenenfalls gekürzt, annotiert und von den Interviewees authentifiziert. Wir beabsichtigen mit dieser Serie von Interviews zunächst die Dokumentation rezenter Geschichte durch eine Oral History, die subjektive Wahrnehmungen und persönliche Erlebnisse einschließt. Auf diese Weise werden Segmente einer größtenteils ungeschriebenen Geschichte anhand von Biographien erfahrbar und damit auch einer weiteren kritischen Bearbeitung und Integration in ein Gesamtbild zugänglich. Da uns im Zuge der jeweiligen Vorbereitung und Durchführung, Transkription und Abstimmung der Interviews daran gelegen war, aus Sicht der Akteur:innen wichtige Sammelbände und Aufsätze, Monographien oder auch \"graue Literatur\" zu erfassen, wird nebenbei eine kommentierte Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Wissenschaftsgeschichte entstehen. Unsere Hoffnung besteht darin, mittels dieser Sammlung mit Berlin einen fruchtbaren Raum und mit den siebziger und achtziger Jahren eine produktive Zeit des Faches jenseits von Reminiszenz oder Nostalgie zu erkunden - nicht zuletzt auch, um den Blick für gegenwärtige Herausforderungen des Faches zu schärfen.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":"e001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossing Borders and Fostering Collaborations**","authors":"Joanna Behrman,&nbsp;Julia Bloemer,&nbsp;Rebecca Charbonneau,&nbsp;Climério Paulo da Silva Neto","doi":"10.1002/bewi.2144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.2144","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Since 2011, the Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics (AIP) has sponsored five international conferences for early career scholars in the history of the physical sciences. As scholars who have greatly benefited from the early-career series, both as participants and organizers, we are deeply grateful to AIP for its generous and unwavering support. Thanks to funding from the AIP and other sponsors, the costs of travel and accommodation can be mostly or completely covered for all attendees. Their support has transformed the Early-Career Conference into an increasingly global event. After hosting the first three installments, AIP encouraged, fully supported, and sponsored the organization of additional conferences in San Sebastián/Donostia in 2018 and Copenhagen in 2023. Appropriately, the theme of the Copenhagen conference was “Crossing Borders and Fostering Collaborations.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Copenhagen Early-Career Conference was hosted by the Niels Bohr Archive, and the speakers gave their talks in the historic Auditorium A of the Niels Bohr Institute. In addition to the AIP, the conference was sponsored by the Inter-Union Commission for the History and Philosophy of Physics and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, which awarded the first Early Career Prize for the History of Physics. We are proud to present a paper by the inaugural prize-winner, &lt;b&gt;Jean-Philippe Martinez&lt;/b&gt;, in this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Martinez examines how and why the concept of virtual particles, formulated by Feynman in the 1940s, became a matter of debate only in the 1970s. Discussing the phenomenological basis that Feynman disposed of for the formulation of the concept and the emergence of the first criticism in the 1970s, he argues that the concept of virtual particles came under scrutiny in the context of increasing opposition to quantum electrodynamics rather than as a result of a reassessment of the unusual characteristics ascribed to them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This circulation of knowledge, and the factors that promote, facilitate, or hinder circulation, emerged as a central theme of the conference and thus of the articles featured in this volume. In particular, transnational transfers, which are processes through which elements, norms, or representations from one nation emerge in another, appear repeatedly. These processes involve not only the translation of texts but also the movement of people, objects, and practices. Scientists traveling to international conferences, exchange visits, the dispersal of specialized instruments and materials, and the adaptation of experimental methods all illustrate this concept.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps no other objects embody the complex, multilayered nature of knowledge circulation more than the Babylonian tablets. The paper by &lt;b&gt;Erica L. Meszaros&lt;/b&gt; illustrates how there is no such thing as a simple translation of knowledge. Exploring the interaction between astronomical procedures on Babylonian tablets through the lens of","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.2144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 1-2/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202580111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202580111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202580111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titelbild: (Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 1-2/2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202580101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202580101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202580101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidentiary Authority as a System: Johann Christoph Gatterer and the Collective Making of Historical Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century.","authors":"André de Melo Araújo","doi":"10.1002/bewi.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.2145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How is historical evidence conveyed? How could an eighteenth-century scholar vouch for the information stored on paper, drafted with the quill, and publicized in copperplate engravings or letterpress? In this article, I employ material and medial perspectives to reconstruct the multiple production stages of Johann Christoph Gatterer's Historia genealogica dominorum Holzschuherorum (1755) and, thereby, reveal how historical knowledge was shaped by the media that presented it. By focusing not only on the text but mainly on the engraved plates inserted within the pages of this work, I will reveal how, in the eighteenth century, historical knowledge was collectively achieved through complex scholarly, artistic, and editorial negotiations that encompassed issues of authorship and intellectual authority as well as disputes that occurred both in the making of visual evidence and the trading of authoritative editions. After exploring many drawn, handwritten, typeset, and engraved sources related to this editorial project, I argue that Gatterer's work relied on an information system based on the interplay between verbal and visual information and their relationship to the material evidence of the past. Moreover, I show how this system itself was shaped by the different media that it, in turn, used to reproduce historical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schrödinger's Doctrine of Identity: On the Role of Advaita Vedānta in Erwin Schrödinger's Thought","authors":"Thijs M. K. Latten","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ever since Erwin Schrödinger learned about Indian thought through Arthur Schopenhauer, it occupied a visible role in both his published writings and personal books. Schrödinger called for a “blood transfusion” of Indian thought into the West and, in one notebook, construed the Upaniṣadic slogan “Brahman = Atman” as the “closest thing to the truth.” However, the historical and philosophical literature on his engagement with Indian ideas remains limited and often confused. Two questions should be addressed for a more comprehensive account of Schrödinger's philosophical views: which Indian insights did he embrace, and what was their role in his thought? I argue that examining what he termed the Indian “doctrine of identity” illuminates answers to these questions and can correct some historical misinterpretations. First, situating Schrödinger's reading of Indian works in his time and analyzing his personal notebooks reveals the dominance of Śaṅkara's Advaita Vedānta reading of the Upaniṣads. Second, by analyzing Schrödinger's published writings and personal notebooks, I argue that this doctrine of identity offered Schrödinger religious consolation, but, furthermore, that Schrödinger took these Indian ideas seriously in his philosophy as well. I highlight how Schrödinger adopted this doctrine of identity into his metaphysical ruminations about the nature of reality and show how it resonates with some of his reflections in the philosophy of science.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":"44-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spacemobile Goes Abroad—NASA's Cold War Science Education Diplomacy, 1962–1969","authors":"Christina Roberts","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1961, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Franklin Institute, a popular science museum in Philadelphia, PA, launched a mobile science education program in the U.S. called the Spacemobile. The program went international a year later, touring 53 countries by 1969. NASA's Educational Programs Division, part of the Public Affairs Department, collaborated with the U.S. Information Agency (USIA) and the U.S. State Department to facilitate the international circulation of science education diplomacy at the height of the early Cold War. Using primary sources from NASA, the USIA, the State Department, oral histories, and memoirs, it is argued that the Spacemobile program mediated the circulation of NASA's technoscientific knowledge and materials around the world by teaching the basic science behind the space program to students and other public audiences. Mediation Occurred when the Spacemobile program accompanied NASA's technoscientific collaboration and exchange agreements, confirms geopolitical alliances, eased sociopolitical tensions over tracking station expansion, and when it appealed to student audiences receptive to Western ideological perspectives about space science.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition in Residues: On Depleted Oil Wells, Radioactive Geophysics, and the Origins of the Twentieth Century's Energy Mix","authors":"Michiel Bron","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The oil and uranium industries always have been intertwined. Both industries are inherently global and span an extensive geological history. The formation of uranium and oil deposits, and their eventual extraction, is a story circling through early planetary history, continuing in depleted oil wells in Germany, Canada, and France, and lingering well into the second half of the past century. Understanding this history proved to be the key for two businesses that would shape the later twentieth century: the oil and nuclear industries. Oil companies are among the very first to integrate new quantum mechanics and knowledge about radioactive decay into their search for oil. This article locates the origins of this interconnectedness in the emergence of applied geophysics. Based on case studies to the experiments and research projects of geophysicist Richard Ambronn and the studies by the oil service company Schlumberger into measuring radioactive decay as a method of determining underground sediments and finding oil during the 1920s and 1930s, this article argues that the depleted oil sources at Pechelbronn and Celle formed the basis of both industrial and academic developments in the knowledge of radioactivity, geophysics, and petroleum.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202400019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Historiography of Epistemic Objects: An Evolutionary Approach","authors":"Urko Gorriñobeaskoa","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202400025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202400025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The term “epistemic object” has been recently used by some scholars in the history and philosophy of science to refer to the peculiar history of objects of inquiry such as RNA, genes, electrons, or phlogiston. Despite the relative success of this neologism as an analytical tool, a comprehensive analysis of its many versions is still lacking. In this article, an attempt has been made to sketch such an analysis first by comparing three main versions of this idea: epistemic things, epistemic objects, and representations of theoretical entities. Second, these conceptions are compared with the notion of scientific concept, arguing that, although similar, they are not the same thing. However, a proposal suggested from the history of concepts program, Klaus Hentschel's semantic layered methodology, could be usefully adapted for epistemic things. Third, accomplishing such adaptation by drawing from the tradition of evolutionary epistemology is recommended, analyzing the potential fit between historical epistemology and the Evolutionary Epistemology of Theories programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"48 1-2","pages":"180-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}