Biopreservation and Biobanking最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Skin-Derived Somatic Cell and Tissue Cryobanks in the Conservation of Aquatic Mammals.","authors":"Luanna Lorenna Vieira Rodrigues, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Fernanda Löffler Niemeyer Attademo, Alexsandra Fernandes Pereira","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0168","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bio.2023.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic actions, especially inadequate waste disposal, cause permanent effects on aquatic fauna, resulting in a significant loss in their population. In this scenario, <i>in situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> conservation strategies have been developed for these species. Among these strategies is the formation of somatic cell and tissue banks derived from skin collection that act complementarily to other biotechnologies. These banks contain all the information for genomic, genetic, and proteomic analyses. They are useful in the assessment of the toxicity of pollutants on the physiology of the species and regenerative and reproductive biotechnologies. The formation of these cryobanks involves different steps, including cryopreservation, with the optimization of all steps occurring in a species-specific manner. There is a diversity of studies on aquatic mammals; however, a low quantity compared to the number of studies on land mammals, with more than 80% of species still unexplored. This is mainly due to the difficulty of execution and asepsis in collecting skin from aquatic mammals and the <i>in vitro</i> culture, which seems to require more particularities for it to be successful. Therefore, this review aims to address the current scenario and the steps involved in the conservation of somatic cells and tissues derived from aquatic mammal skin, as well as results that have been achieved in recent years and the prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-Proline as a Cryoprotective Agent for the Preservation of <i>Galea Spixii</i> Skin Fibroblasts.","authors":"Leonardo V C Aquino, Luanna L V Rodrigues, Samara L Olindo, Yara L F Silva, Lhara R M Oliveira, Yasmin B F Moura, Alexsandra F Pereira","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/bio.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport Media for Live Skin Tissue from Gray-Brocket Deer (<i>Subulo gouazoubira</i>).","authors":"Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval, José Maurício Barbanti Duarte","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sampling skin fragments has been an important strategy for genetic studies and <i>ex situ</i> conservation, aiding in the preservation of genetic diversity in Neotropical deer and other wild species. From the moment of collection in the field, transport media must ensure tissue viability by providing the necessary nutrients until laboratory processing for culture or cryopreservation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature and storage duration on tissue viability and cell growth using two types of skin transport media: Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 0.9% physiological saline solution. Skin fragments were collected from the inguinal region of five captive gray-brocket deer (<i>Subulo gouazoubira</i>) and divided into small samples, which were randomly assigned to each transport medium. The samples were stored at 5°C and 24°C for 24 and 72 hours, followed by cryopreservation and thawing to assess histomorphology, apoptosis (TUNEL test), cell growth, viability (Trypan blue and MTT assay), and mitotic index. The results showed that physiological saline solution is as efficient as DMEM in maintaining tissue viability, with 80% of viable cells observed and no significant difference after storing in different skin transport media (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Cell morphology and apoptosis did not change in response to media, temperature, or storage duration. We recovered metaphases from all skin tissue storing conditions, with a similar mitotic index to those presented in other cell culture studies from deer biopsies. These results showed the feasibility of storing skin tissue samples during 24 and 72 hours at 5°C and 24°C in different transport media guaranteeing the cell growth and viability for genetic studies and reproductive biotechnologies. The study may contribute to sampling collection in places where displacement with large equipment is limited, allowing the establishment of simplified skin transport protocols as an important step to accessing genetic material from individuals inhabiting isolated localities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment Strategies for a Nonhospital-Based Academic Rare Disease Biobank in South Africa.","authors":"Engela H Conradie, Varushka Acton, Albe C Swanepoel","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Rare disease research in South Africa (SA) faces significant challenges, including limited prioritization and awareness, which hinder advancements in patient care and scientific discovery. This article explores the recruitment strategies employed by the Centre for Human Metabolomics (CHM) Biobank, a nonhospital-based academic rare disease biobank, to address these challenges. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We explain the consent process and documents as well as the three recruitment models employed, namely (1) Recruitment via referring clinician, (2) implementation of monthly diagnostic follow-up sessions, and (3) recruitment of patients for specific projects through clinic-based recruitment drives. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> We discuss the benefits as well as the challenges of each model. Challenges included clinician and patient time constraints, distrust from current consent practices, and limited public awareness. We elaborate on future strategies to address these gaps such as simplifying consent, expanding recruitment sites, collaborating with clinical, academic and public institutions, and raising public awareness of the role of the CHM Biobank. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> From the models employed over the past 5 years, it is evident that recruitment is most effective when patients perceive a direct benefit, such as involvement in active projects. These strategies outlined in the discussion are crucial for ensuring the CHM Biobank's sustainability, diversity, and its impact on scientific research and patient outcomes in SA.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Cryopreservation Methods in Biobanking: Impacts on Biomarker Integrity and Omics Data Reliability.","authors":"Annamaria Antona, Valentina Bettio, Jacopo Venetucci, Silvia Vittoria Cracas, Eleonora Mazzucco, Giulia Garro, Marco Varalda, Carolina Fontanarosa, Michele Spinelli, Angela Amoresano, Roberta Rolla, Daniela Capello","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Personalized medicine emphasizes prevention and early diagnosis by developing genetic screening and biomarker assessment tools. Biobanks, including University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO) Biobank, support this effort by providing high-quality biological samples collected, processed, and stored using optimized standardized protocols. To determine the optimal long-term storage conditions for biospecimens used in biomedical research, we evaluated plasma and serum samples cryopreserved using two storage methods, cryovials and straws, across various analytical methodologies with differing sensitivity and robustness. <b><i>Design and Methods:</i></b> Plasma and serum samples cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen in vials and straw at the UPO Biobank were subjected to multiple analyses including standard biochemical laboratory analysis, targeted lipidomics, untargeted proteomics, and targeted metabolites quantification through mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our data demonstrate the robustness and applicability of both storage methods for standard laboratory analyses in evaluating clinically relevant markers in plasma and serum. Lipidomic analysis revealed slight disparities in lipid abundance, though these differences were mostly confined to specific lipid species, particularly fatty acids. Conversely, proteomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered variations in abundance in a significant, albeit limited, fraction of analytes between vials and straw-derived samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> By highlighting similarities and differences in samples stored in these conditions, this study provides significant insights into optimizing biobanking practices and understanding the factors that influence the integrity of cryopreserved biospecimens and the reliability of the data derived from them. Both straws and vials are convenient and efficient cryopreservation methods, essentially equivalent for samples dedicated to robust and relatively low-sensitive standardized analyses. However, our findings emphasize the need for caution when interpreting omics data from samples subjected to different cryopreservation methods, as subtle variations can arise even with different types of containers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Biorepositories of South Africa: Establishing a Medical Biorepository Network in South Africa to Advance Health Research.","authors":"Engela Helena Conradie, Dominique Elizabeth Anderson, Warren Oswald Fransman, Albe Carina Swanepoel, Mandile Samantha Thobela, Ciara Staunton, Faghri February, Micheline Sanderson, Bonginkosi Mthandeni Duma, Mantombi Rebecca Maseme, Shenuka Singh, Carmen Catherine-Ann Swanepoel","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biobanking is crucial for advancing medical research and personalized medicine, offering high-quality biospecimens for studies on biomarkers, drug development, and diagnostics. Despite its global potential, challenges such as fragmented governance and varying standards hinder biorepository collaboration, particularly in South Africa (SA). A unified national biobank network could enhance research and healthcare by improving biospecimen access, ethical governance, and collaboration. Global biobank networks offer models for standardization, data sharing, and international cooperation. SA can benefit from these models by creating a centralized biobank platform, promoting capacity building, and fostering regional and global partnerships. To address the challenges SA faces regarding biobanking, the Medical Biobanks Cluster established a network named Medical Biorepositories of SA (MBirSA), which seeks to build a cohesive network of medical biorepositories in SA. Through this network, it plans to foster an inclusive culture of biospecimen and data protocol harmonization, while encouraging adherence to legal, ethical, and quality best practices and standards. The network aims to bring stakeholders together, increasing visibility and transparency, and encouraging sector-wide collaboration. MBirSA also aims to offer training to build capacity in global best practices, aid in the development of dependable biorepository infrastructure, and promote research partnerships to enhance healthcare advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Trolox Supplementation on the Cryopreservation of Honamli Buck Semen.","authors":"Şükrü Güngör, Muhammed Enes İnanç, Barış Atalay Uslu, Ahmet Burak Burca, Ayhan Ata","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryopreservation of buck semen is essential in animal breeding but often damages sperm viability and integrity. The Honamli breed, a hardy Turkish goat, can benefit from improved freezing techniques using antioxidants such as Trolox (T). This study explores the effects of varying T concentrations on Honamli buck semen, assessing parameters such as motility, viability, and membrane integrity to enhance post-thaw quality. Findings support T's potential to improve semen extender formulations for preserving Honamli genetics.This study aims to freeze Honamli buck semen with T and to evaluate <i>in vitro</i> spermatological parameters. Three Honamli bucks, aged 2-3 years, were used in the study. Semen was collected from the bucks and mixed after removing seminal plasma. The mixed semen was diluted with a tris egg yolk extender containing three different concentrations of T (0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM) and control (0 mM). The diluted semen was equilibrated for 2 hours at +4 degrees and subjected to cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen vapor (-120°C for 12 minutes) and frozen. After thawing (37°C water bath for 30 seconds), the groups were evaluated at flow cytometric analysis for viability (SYBR/propidium iodide [PI]), plasma membrane acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI), and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1), plasma membrane integrity (hypo-osmotic swelling test), microscopic evaluations for motility and morphological integrity (abnormal spermatozoa rate). The 0.5 T and 0.25 T groups showed significant improvements in motility compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The control group had the lowest plasma membrane integrity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest morphological integrity was observed in the T groups compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing T in buck semen extenders benefits spermatological parameters; particularly, 0.25 and 0.5 mM T could be used in Tris semen extenders during the cryopreservation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Supplemented Coenzyme Q₁₀ to Extender on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes and Sperm Quality Parameters in Cryopreservation of Mouse Spermatozoa.","authors":"Aysel Eraslan-Sakar, Oguz Kaan Yalcin, Ali Mazi, Cengiz Yildiz","doi":"10.1089/bio.2023.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2023.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for protein folding in the cell. The damage that may occur during the freezing process of the sperm can exceed the protein loading capacity in the ER. Antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), are added to freezing media to protect sperm cells. In this study, the aim was to investigate the expression levels of ER stress-related genes (protein kinase-like ER kinase [<i>PERK</i>], activating transcription factor 4 [<i>ATF4</i>], CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein homologous protein [<i>CHOP</i>], and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [<i>NRF2</i>]) and quality parameters (viability, motility, acrosome status, and plasma membrane integrity) of mice sperm after freezing with an extender containing CoQ₁₀. Male BALB/c mouse spermatozoa were cryopreserved using a combination of 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk and 50 µM CoQ₁₀. The combination of 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk without CoQ₁₀ was used as the control group. The results showed that post-thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and intact acrosome rates were significantly higher in the CoQ₁₀-supplemented group compared with the control (untreated) group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The expression of ER stress-related genes was then analyzed to investigate whether CoQ₁₀ attenuates ER stress in frozen-thawed sperm. The results significantly revealed that the addition of 50 µM CoQ₁₀ to the extender increased <i>PERK</i>, <i>ATF4</i>, and <i>CHOP</i> mRNA levels compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Next, <i>NRF2</i> gene expression was analyzed to investigate whether CoQ₁₀ affects the antioxidant mechanism of post-thaw sperm. It was revealed that the expression of the <i>NRF2</i> gene significantly increased in the CoQ₁₀ group compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Collectively, these results suggest that the freeze-thaw process induces ER stress in mouse sperm, and the supplementation of CoQ₁₀ to the cryoprotectant agent reduces ER stress-related genes, activates the gene related to the antioxidant defense system, and improves post-thaw sperm quality parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equex-STM Paste-Added Freezing Medium and Straw Volume Influence Hampshire Crossbred Boar Semen Quality Following Cryopreservation.","authors":"Akash Protim Gogoi, Dipak Kumar Sarma, Himsikha Chakravarty, Sayed N Abedin, Gautam Khargharia, Rahul Katiyar, Kutubuddin Ahmed, Dhrubajyoti Borpujari, Arup Das, Champak Barman, Mahak Singh, Sourabh Deori","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryopreservation of boar semen is essential for maintaining genetic diversity and improving reproductive efficiency. However, optimizing semen extenders and packaging methods is crucial to enhancing sperm quality and cryotolerance. Equex-STM is commonly used as a surfactant to enhance cryoprotective properties by stabilizing sperm membranes during freezing and thawing. A total of 24 ejaculates (<i>n</i> = 24), six from each of four Hampshire crossbred boars, aged between 18 and 24 months were used in the present study. Semen was collected twice weekly by gloved hand technique. The sperm-rich fraction showing more than 70% initial motility was considered for further processing and freezing. The fresh semen was diluted in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) at a 1:1 ratio and further processed with the addition of Fraction I and Fraction II extenders supplemented with and without 1.5% Equex-STM paste {Control (C)-no Equex; Treatment (T-1.5% Equex-STM supplementation}. The extended semen was packaged in 0.25 and 0.5 mL straws to check the effect of straw size (T₁-0.25 mL straw and T₂-0.50 mL straw). Straws were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) for post-thaw sperm quality evaluation. Results showed that the sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), DNA integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher in the T group in comparison with control (C). Sperm motility, PMI, and DNA integrity were highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and sperm viability and MMP were significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in group T₂ in comparison with T₁.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobanking: Possibilities for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.","authors":"Masaaki Kitajima, Hirohisa Abe, Ryo Honda, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Tomohiro Kuroita, Ayuko Nemoto, Ryo Shirakashi, Rodney Scott, Koh Furuta","doi":"10.1089/bio.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic, spanning from early 2020 to late 2022, posed unprecedented challenges for global public health. However, it also spurred innovative approaches to pandemic management, notably the development of pathogen detection in wastewater. It was successfully demonstrated that wastewater analysis can not only reflect ongoing COVID-19 infections but also serve as an early indicator of disease prevalence within communities. Recognizing the value of longitudinal analyses of various pathogens, we identified the need for wastewater biobanking. This practice allows for the retrospective analysis of samples, offering critical public health insights at the population level. Moreover, the potential to transport and store biobanked samples at ambient temperature or in a dry state could greatly enhance the utility of this technology, especially in resource-limited settings such as low- and middle-income countries. This article also addresses the ethical considerations and public health implications of wastewater-based epidemiology. While this approach holds significant potential beyond pathogen detection, it is essential to evaluate the benefits and potential risks carefully.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}