BMC Medical Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Ethical implications of AI-driven clinical decision support systems on healthcare resource allocation: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives.","authors":"Cansu Yüksel Elgin, Ceyhun Elgin","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01151-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01151-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems (AI-CDSS) are increasingly being integrated into healthcare for various purposes, including resource allocation. While these systems promise improved efficiency and decision-making, they also raise significant ethical concerns. This study aims to explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on the ethical implications of using AI-CDSS for healthcare resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 23 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, administrators, and medical ethicists in Turkey. Interviews focused on participants' views regarding the use of AI-CDSS in resource allocation, potential ethical challenges, and recommendations for responsible implementation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant responses are clustered around five pre-determined thematic areas: (1) balancing efficiency and equity in resource allocation, (2) the importance of transparency and explicability in AI-CDSS, (3) shifting roles and responsibilities in clinical decision-making, (4) ethical considerations in data usage and algorithm development, and (5) balancing cost-effectiveness and patient-centered care. Participants acknowledged the potential of AI-CDSS to optimize resource allocation but expressed concerns about exacerbating healthcare disparities, the need for interpretable AI models, changing professional roles, data privacy, and maintaining individualized care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The integration of AI-CDSS into healthcare resource allocation presents both opportunities and significant ethical challenges. Our findings underscore the need for robust ethical frameworks, enhanced AI literacy among healthcare professionals, interdisciplinary collaboration, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation processes. Addressing these challenges proactively is crucial for harnessing the potential of AI-CDSS while preserving the fundamental values of equity, transparency, and patient-centered care in healthcare delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating ethical considerations in the communication network of married women undergone hysterectomy: instrumentation of a questionnaire.","authors":"Elahe Bahador, Laleh Tajadiny, Abolfazl Hossein Nataj, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Azam Zare Arashlouei, Atefeh Ahmadi, Fahimeh Khorasani, Mina Mobasher, Jaleh Tajadini","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01152-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01152-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Considering the importance of complying medical and general ethics and the lack of a study on determining ethical considerations in the communication network of women undergoing hysterectomy surgery, this study aimed to present these aspects in the patients' lives by a standard researcher-made instrument.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This mixed method analysis (exploratory sequential mixed methods design was conducted in the whole of 2020 to create the \"ethical considerations in communication network of women undergone hysterectomy\" questionnaire and investigate its psychometric properties. A researched-made instrument was validated and its psychometric properties were checked among 218 women by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accordingly, the 8 factors extracted included \"complying ethical consideration by the physician (a)\", \"complying ethical consideration by medical team (b)\", \"complying ethical consideration in the hospital (c)\", \"complying ethical consideration by the secretory in the clinic (d)\", \"complying ethical consideration by the spouse (e)\", and \"complying ethical consideration by the family and friends (f)\", \"complying ethical consideration by the media and society (g)\" and \"complying ethical consideration by herself (h)\". The results of Cronbach's alpha test showed that there is moderate to good internal consistency in all dimensions. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was calculated as 0.75, which shows that the internal consistency is at a good level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of this study, the reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity of the ethical considerations in the communication network of women undergoing hysterectomy questionnaire were confirmed. However, in light of the study limitations, caution should be practiced in the interpretation of the results. There is a need for further longitudinal studies in multiple settings using random sampling methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Some parts of the consent form are written using complex scientific language': community perspectives on informed consent for research with pregnant and lactating mothers in Uganda.","authors":"Adelline Twimukye, Sylvia Nabukenya, Aida N Kawuma, Josephine Bayigga, Ritah Nakijoba, Simon Peter Asiimwe, Fredrick Byenume, Francis Williams Ojara, Catriona Waitt","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01147-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01147-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Appropriate language use is essential to ensure inclusion of diverse populations in research. We aimed to identify possible language-related barriers regarding the informed consent process and propose interventions to improve clarity and understanding of pregnant and breastfeeding women participating in research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional qualitative study employing focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted in Uganda from August 2023 to September 2023, involving a diverse group of stakeholders from the community, including community members, research participants, and Community Advisory Board members. 19 FGD comprised adult participants representing at least six different mother tongues (Luganda, Acholi, Runyankole, Runyoro, Lugbara and English). An inductive thematic approach was utilized for data analysis using NVivo version 12 software to identify language factors that influence informed consent. A series of community validation workshops ensured concurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At the individual level, language barriers, and low levels of literacy contributed to poor comprehension, thus hindering ability to achieve genuine informed consent. At the health facility level, participants reported that there was use of inappropriate, unclear language including inaccurate translations, with poor and complicated grammar in some consent forms. Participants reported that complex medical terminologies are difficult to translate to local languages. Community members highlighted that social/cultural norms in language use affected cultural perceptions of informed consent. To enhance understanding for individuals without education in science, participants suggested simplification of terminologies and avoidance of complex medical jargon. Researchers should identify participants' preferred languages and communicate in those languages whenever possible. If researchers are not fluent, trained interpreters should be identified. Informed consent documents must be translated into local languages to ensure participants comprehend the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. Involving community members during development and translation of these documents can provide valuable insights into local dialects and culturally specific concepts, ensuring that study tools like surveys and consent forms are accurate and respectful.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Language barriers influence the informed consent process within communities in Uganda. These can potentially be resolved at individual, health system and community levels. Consideration of locally understandable terms in community-facing study documentation is likely to enhance understanding and could improve research participation, although further studies are needed to assess these. The use of appropriate language ensures that informed consent is genuine in keeping with principles of Good Clinical Practice, and developing a research c","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, reliability, and validity of the nurses' conscientious objection attitude scale (COAS-N).","authors":"Seyhan Demir Karabulut, Şenay Gül, Eylem Gül Ateş, Zehra Göçmen Baykara","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01155-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01155-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conscientious objection poses ethical dilemmas frequently encountered by nurses, allowing them to prioritize personal beliefs in caregiving. However, it may also be viewed as a stance jeopardizing patients' healthcare access. There is no measurement tool to measure conscientious objection in nurses. This study aimed to develop a measurement tool for nurses' conscientious objection attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research is a methodological study conducted with a total of 261 nurses in Turkiye. Following content validity assessments by ten experts, a 29-item draft scale was developed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined the factor structure, and reliability was assessed via the Spearman-Brown coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland Altman plot. Cronbach's alpha estimated internal consistency and discrimination, which were evaluated by comparing lower and upper 27% groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Nurses' Conscientious Objection Attitude Scale (COAS-N) comprises 29 items and three sub-dimensions (prioritizing professional values, prioritizing personal values, and requesting the right to conscientious objection). Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale is 0.81.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Validity and reliability were established for the newly developed scale measuring nurses' conscientious objection attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared care planning in people with cognitive disorders and dementia: a survey among patients and caregivers in Italy.","authors":"Corinna Porteri, Giulia Ienco, Edda Mariaelisa Turla, Mariassunta Piccinni, Patrizio Pasqualetti","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01150-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01150-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is wide convergence in the positions of scientific societies, patient associations and public bodies regarding the advisability of advance care planning (ACP) in cognitive disorders and dementia to respect the specificity of the person. Nevertheless, planning in advance for dementia represents a unique challenge. In Italy, law n. 219/2017 introduced ACP for the first time at the regulatory level, under the name of shared care planning (SCP). Few surveys on the law implementation have been conducted in Italy, but none have specifically involved patients with cognitive disorders and their caregivers. To contribute filling the gap, we conducted a survey among patients and caregivers attending a memory clinic to investigate what their knowledge, attitudes and experiences were regarding SCP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed two semi-structured questionnaires for patients and caregivers organized into the following sections: (i) knowledge of the law; (ii) general attitude on SCP; (iii) experience about SCP; (iv) attitude about realizing a SCP; (v) advance directives. Participation in the survey was offered to consecutive patients discharged from the memory clinic during 26 target weeks and to their caregivers. The interviews were conducted on the occasion of the last scheduled visit to the facility; telephone interview was also provided. Information was collected by means of an online platform (Google Forms). Descriptive and basic inferential analysis was performed by means of SPSS (IBM). The analysis of the open-ended questions was also conducted with the support of the Voyant Tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six patient and 65 caregiver interviews were collected. No participant reported that a doctor has ever talked to the patient about SCP. The large majority of patients (85%) and almost all caregivers (95%) agree/absolutely agree with the opportunity for patients to realize SCP. Almost all participants agree/absolutely agree with the usefulness for the patients of indicating a trusted person to act on their behalf (91% patients and 95% caregivers). Forty-three (65%) patients and 48 (74%) caregivers believe it would be good to start SCP with the patient when the time is right. Among them, 20 caregivers and 12 patients believe it is already time to talk about SCP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study results showed patients' and caregivers' interest in the SCP process and, at the same time, their mixed attitude when SCP is referred specifically to themselves or their loved ones. This indicates the need to introduce the discourse on SCP into clinical practice while remaining very sensitive to the individual patient's pace and wishes, including his/her possible refusal to talk about SCP.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-making and ethical dilemmas experienced by hospital physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.","authors":"Ilona Tietzova, Radka Buzgova, Ondrej Kopecky","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01133-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01133-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, global healthcare systems faced unprecedented challenges, with a lack of resources and suboptimal patient care emerging as primary concerns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our research, using a comprehensive 24-item electronic questionnaire, \"Reflections on the Provision of Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic,\" delved into the experiences of 938 physicians across the Czech Republic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over fifty per cent observed a \"lower standard of care\" compared to pre-pandemic levels. A division arose among physicians regarding a decision's medical, ethical, or legal basis, with a notable gender disparity: male doctors leaned towards medical perspectives, whereas females accented the ethical perspective. Decision-making concerning health care limitations required agreement among the physicians on duty, interdisciplinary teams, or shift supervisors. Physicians reported varying degrees of patient or family participation in health care decisions. Variables such as age, pre-existing health conditions, and life expectancy influenced care decisions. Surprisingly, half of the physicians faced refusals of patients' transportation to better-equipped facilities due to resource constraints. One-third of physicians never discuss the decision about care limitation and other options with patients or their families. As a result, almost fifty per cent of the physicians rarely or never imparted information about care limitations to patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survey shed light on the profound ethical dilemmas hospital physicians face across different types of healthcare facilities during the pandemic. It uncovered the need for open dialogue and scholarly debate on resource allocation and strengthening the role of patients and their families in care decisions in future healthcare crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11619269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematologists' perspective on advance directives, a French national cross-sectional survey - the ADORE-H study.","authors":"K Serey, A Cambriel, Adrien Pollina-Bachellerie, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Carole Bouleuc, Laure Ladrat, Jean-Pierre Lotz, Francois Philippart","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01146-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01146-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The onset of hematological malignancies can lead to acute and critical situations. It can also result in adverse outcome despite the significant advancements made in their therapeutic management. In this context, advance care planning and, in particular, advance directives (AD) play an essential role. However, the use of AD in patients with malignant hematological conditions remains very rare.</p><p><strong>Material & methods: </strong>The aim was to evaluate the perception of AD by hematologists. We conducted a national online survey in France. All hematologist working in a hospital setting and treating malignant hemopathies were solicited. The questionnaire covered five areas: personal perception of AD; assistance in writing AD; patient information about AD; use of ADs; and demographic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>318 hematologists (33.7% of the whole population), working in 103 different centers across France participated in the study. 72.6% (n = 231) of the respondents believed that AD could be beneficial for patient's care. Only 32.7% talked about AD with their patients on a regular basis. The lack of utilization was correlated with the fear of creating anxiety for the patient (64.9%; n = 172) or for relatives (30.9%; n = 80), as well as the belief that AD were deemed inappropriate for their patients (57.8%; n = 145). 19.5% (n = 62) of responding hematologist offered their assistance to patients in writing AD. This proportion was higher in physicians who had previously worked in palliative care unit (35,6% vs. 16,8%, p = 0,0004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of the surveyed hematologist hold a positive opinion about AD. However, only a few discuss the matter with their patients. The fear of consequences for patients and relatives, particularly anxiety, remains the primary barrier to providing information about AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating professional ethics in a context of technological change.","authors":"Tracey L Adams, Kathleen Leslie, Sophia Myles, Bruna Moraes","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01140-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01140-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Technological change is impacting the work of health professionals, especially with recent developments in artificial intelligence. Research has raised many ethical considerations respecting clinical applications of artificial intelligence, and it has identified a role for professional regulation in helping to guide practitioners in the ethical use of technology; however, regulation in this area has been slow to develop. This study seeks to identify the challenges that health professionals face in the context of technological change, and whether regulators' codes of ethics and guidance are sufficient to help workers navigate these changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted mixed methods research in Ontario, Canada, using qualitative content analysis of regulators' codes of ethics and practice guidance (26 regulators, 63 documents analysed), interviews with 7 representatives from 5 health profession regulatory bodies, and focus groups with 17 healthcare practitioners across 5 professions in the province. We used thematic analysis to analyse the data and answer our core research questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that codes of ethics focus more on general principles and managing practitioners' relationships with clients/patients; hence, it is not clear that these documents can successfully guide professional practice in a context of rapid technological change. Practitioners and regulatory body staff express ambivalence and uncertainty about regulators' roles in regulating technology use. In some instances, health professionals experience conflict between the expectations of their regulator and their employer. These gaps and conflicts leave some professionals uncertain about how to practice ethically in a digital age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a need for more guidance and regulation in this area, not only for practitioners, but with respect to the application of technology within the environments in which health professionals work.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community engagement conduct for genetics and genomics research: a qualitative study of the experiences and perspectives of key stakeholders in Uganda.","authors":"Harriet Nankya, Vincent P Alibu, Enock Matovu, Edward Wamala, John Barugahare","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01137-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01137-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community engagement (CE) is one of the key strategies to optimize ethical integrity in research. However, the knowledge base on how CE should be effectively and ethically conducted, particularly for genetics and genomics research (GGR), is limited. Lessons have not been drawn from the experiences of key stakeholders in GGR, on CE, in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the experiences and perspectives of the key stakeholders (GGR researchers, lay communities, and REC members) on engaging communities in GGR, to consequently inform how communities could be ethically engaged in such research, in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at; Makerere University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, and Mulago National Referral Hospital. Twenty-five GGR researchers, twenty REC members, and thirty-eight community members, participated in this study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews guides, and Focus group discussions. Data was analyzed thematically, using NVivo version 12 Plus.</p><p><strong>Study findings: </strong>Thirteen of the twenty-five GGR researchers had conducted CE in their studies, seven REC members had ever reviewed GGR protocols, and all the community respondents had ever participated in GGR. The goal for CE was reported to depend on the type of GGR as either basic or applied. Planning for CE involved; defining the community and for GGR this includes individuals not directly involved in the research but share the study gene with participants; a bigger CE budget to cover extra costs in GGR. The conduct of CE was reported to mainly occur at sample collection stage, rarely at study conception, and had not occurred at the return of results stage. Implementation of CE involved; engaging leaders first to gain access and acceptance of the research in the community; having a genetic counsellor on the CE team to handle the social issues in GGR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides challenges and facilitators on the conduct of CE in GGR in Uganda. Measures including the building of capacity especially knowledge in both GGR and CE for all the stakeholders, and using this study findings to inform policy, regulation, and further research will potentially contribute to ethical CE in GGR in Uganda and similar research contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring patients' rights awareness and implementations amongst hospitalized patients in Northern Palestine: insights from a local perspective.","authors":"Anas Odeh, Nadeem Khayat, Saad Abuzahra, Amira Shaheen, Zaher Nazzal","doi":"10.1186/s12910-024-01139-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-024-01139-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Promoting ethical medical practices and preserving human rights principles require an understanding of patient rights. Studies show varying awareness levels among patients regarding their rights. This study aims to assess the level of awareness among patients in Palestine about their rights and the compliance of healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2023 and January 2024 in the Northern West Bank cities. Data collection was conducted by three trained medical students utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The association between participant characteristics and awareness was assessed using the Chi-square test, followed by a multivariate regression analysis to control for confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 400 patients surveyed, 47.0% had good awareness of their rights. Multivariate analysis showed that awareness was associated with patients in the age group of 18-30 years and 46-60 years, having private insurance, more prior hospitalizations, non-governmental settings, and prior charter awareness. Awareness was highest for respectful care and lowest for staff introductions. Non-governmental facilities performed better than governmental on explaining procedures, alternatives, and costs, though both settings scored highly on non-discrimination and consent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore global gaps in ensuring adequate patients' rights awareness and implementation, with over half exhibiting inadequate knowledge. Significant deficiencies exist in involving patients in decision-making, informing about procedures/costs, and providing accessible complaint mechanisms, particularly in governmental facilities. Comprehensive, culturally-appropriate initiatives involving multisectoral collaborations are crucial to drive substantive reforms translating patient-centered care principles into consistent practice worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}