BMC Medical Ethics最新文献

{"title":"Biomedical ethical analysis of patients' perspectives on posthumous reproduction in a gynecology and obstetrics clinic.","authors":"Arif Hüdai Köken, Özlem Kara, Nebahat İnce, Mustafa Kara","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01256-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01256-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explores the perspectives of patients attending a gynecology and obstetrics clinic in Türkiye regarding posthumous reproduction from a biomedical ethics standpoint. To examine the bioethical issues about the subject related surviving spouses and potential children may face.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted between May 1, 2023, and August 1, 2023. A total of 200 women visiting the Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic participated in face-to-face interviews. The survey comprised 20 questions aimed at evaluating participants' views on posthumous reproduction. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software, and the Chi-square test was applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 59.5% opposed a woman having a child using a preserved embryo after her husband's death, while 75.5% disapproved of a man having a child through a surrogate after his wife's death. Additionally, 55% supported a woman's reproductive rights in such cases, whereas 57% objected to a man exercising the same right. Concerns about the potential negative impact on children ranged from 50% to 57.5%. The majority believed that posthumous reproduction should only be ethically permissible if the deceased had provided explicit consent beforehand.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings indicate that perspectives on posthumous reproduction are influenced by social, cultural, and ethical considerations. Turkish society generally maintains a reserved and critical stance on this issue, with stronger opposition to male surrogacy. The ethical and legal implications of posthumous reproduction highlight the need for legal regulations and public awareness initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of internship nursing students in confronting ethical issues: a qualitative study.","authors":"Tahereh Heidari, Leila Jouybari, Fariba Borhani, Zahra Sabzi","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01254-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01254-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncologists' knowledge, practices and ethical opinions about therapeutic misconception: a French national survey.","authors":"Thibaud Haaser, S Clair, S Marty, D Berdai, H Hoarau, M C Saux, D Dreyfuss, P J Maternowski","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01260-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01260-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic misconception (TM) among research participants refers to the conflation of research goals (generating generalisable knowledge) with clinical care goals (making the best decisions for the participants). Considering the high volume of oncology research, oncologists frequently encounter TM.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the knowledge, practices, and ethical concerns of French oncologists regarding TM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A questionnaire was developed to assess oncologists' knowledge and practices concerning TM, then utilised in a national survey of French oncologists from 1 June to 14 July 2023. A descriptive statistical analysis of the responses (according to a Likert scale) was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 288 oncologists from various specialties responded to the survey. Initial knowledge of TM was low (16%), but after the definition was provided, 84% reported having encountered TM. Respondents indicated that they paid attention to the information given during participant inclusion; however, approximately half (46%) actively investigated the presence of TM, and 22% admitted to having encouraged TM at least occasionally. Attention to TM significantly declined over the course of study protocols. Awareness of TM, along with ethics education or participation in a research ethics committee, were identified as significant factors influencing responses. The acceptability of TM was nuanced, particularly in protocols recommended to patients receiving last-line treatments. Although 64% of respondents acknowledged a link between TM and dual roles as both investigator and physician, 78% opposed transferring investigative responsibilities to a non-referent oncologist.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TM is a widespread but still mostly unknown phenomenon which could easily be tackled for better outcomes for patients. This study revealed considerable variability in knowledge, practices, and ethical considerations related to TM among French oncologists. Enhanced education and ethical support are needed to improve awareness and foster appropriate behaviours concerning TM.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional financial incentives in healthcare: a review of normative considerations.","authors":"Roshni Jegan, Anuradha Rose, Kris Dierickx","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01252-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01252-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Institutional financial incentives(FIs) are used to improve the quality of healthcare services and patient outcomes. In spite of their growing use, empirical evidence regarding their impact remains inconclusive. Moreover, the normative implications of institutional FIs remain underexplored. This study aims to map the normative considerations and tensions in using institutional FIs in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review of reasons to identify and map the normative considerations in institutional FIs. Six databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Central and EconPapers, and additionally Google Scholar were searched. We included peer-reviewed literature in English on financial incentives or pay-for-performance in healthcare at the institutional level, and excluded grey literature, and studies on individual provider incentives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, representing diverse disciplines such as health economics, medicine, law, public health and health policy. Two categories of normative considerations are identified: firstly, considerations at the macro and meso level (societal and institutional level), and secondly, considerations at the micro (departmental or individual) level. The key normative principles identified are effectiveness, utility, solidarity, distributive justice, procedural justice, professional values, conflicts of interest and proportionality. The tensions inherent in each normative principle are closely linked to contextual elements such as institutional characteristics, incentive design and performance measures: for instance, the type of performance measure used (process or outcome measure, relative or absolute improvement) impacts procedural justice.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study is limited in including only English language literature. Notwithstanding this limitation, this review provides an overview of the normative implications of institutional financial incentives. As robust empirical evidence on the institution and societal-level effects of FI is lacking, these findings emphasize the need for further normative deliberation on institutional FIs and more caution while implementing institutional FIs as a policy measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening ethical oversight in genomics and biobanking: a retrospective analysis of research practices in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Oppah Kuguyo, Alice Matimba, Florence Mutevedzi, Andrew Chimatira, Vasco Chikwasha, Abigail Kangwende, Lovemore Gwanzura, Paul Ndebele","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01257-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01257-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As genomics and biobanking expanded rapidly across Africa, ethical governance frameworks for genomic research and biobanking often failed to keep pace, particularly in countries like Zimbabwe, where research increasingly involved international collaboration, but regulatory oversight remained limited. This study analysed how Zimbabwean researchers addressed the ethical, legal, and sociocultural issues (ELSIs) central to human biospecimen and genomic research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of research protocols submitted to the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2016, specifically those involving human biospecimen collection, biobanking, and genomic research. A structured abstraction form was employed to evaluate how these protocols addressed key ELSIs, including informed consent, biospecimen and data sharing, benefit sharing, and intellectual property considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 eligible protocols, 92(46%) were submitted by independent research institutions and 67(33.5%) by universities. Consent practices varied: 99(49.5%) protocols utilized specific consent, 37(18.5%) employed broad consent, and 37(18.5%) used blanket consent. Notably, 2(1%) protocols did not use consent forms, opting instead for broad or specific notifications. Only 44(22%) protocols included plans for the destruction of collected samples. While 44(22%) protocols involved exporting biospecimens, nearly two-thirds of these lacked a material transfer agreement (MTA). Critically, benefit sharing was absent across all protocols, and only 26(13%) addressed intellectual property rights.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review exposes systemic gaps in the ethical planning of genomics and biobanking research in Zimbabwe. Although researchers are increasingly engaging in cutting-edge science, the regulatory and ethical frameworks require transformation. The limited attention to benefit sharing, consent for future use, and intellectual property reflects deeper governance and equity challenges. To protect research participants and ensure ethical integrity, Zimbabwe urgently needs updated national guidelines that define minimum standards for addressing a full range of ELSIs, moving beyond consent and privacy to embrace justice, accountability, and long-term stewardship. Strengthening these frameworks is crucial to ensuring ethical integrity in Zimbabwe's growing biobanking and genomic research landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation of a predictive model for the acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation among patients awaiting kidney transplantation: a cross-sectional study from China.","authors":"Shujun Yang, Hao Wei, Haihong Yang, Jiang Peng, Panfeng Shang, Shengkun Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01247-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01247-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney xenotransplantation (KXTx) has the potential to address the shortage of kidney donations. To construct and validate a predictive model for the willingness to receive KXTx, data were collected from Chinese patients awaiting kidney transplantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were collected from 539 questionnaires from June 20, 2023, to April 3, 2024. A random allocation method was used to conduct univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the factors that affect KXTx acceptance. A prediction model was constructed in the form of a nomogram, and the accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated using multiple methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that medical insurance (No vs. Yes, odds ratio [OR] 3.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-6.12), religion (no belief as the reference group; Atheist: OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.26-5.33; Buddhism: OR 2.03, 95% CI 0.78-4.89; Taoism: OR 2.33, 95% CI 0.72-6.77; Islam: OR 5.78, 95% CI 1.38-21.10; Catholicism: OR 4.52, 95% CI 0.74-22.7; Christianity: OR 7.69, 95% CI 0.36-66.5; Other: OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.05-5.26), and knowing about KXTx (No vs. Yes, OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.89-6.08) were independent risk factors for KXTx acceptance. A nomogram was constructed based on the abovementioned factors, and the area under the curve was 0.717. The calibration curves decision curve analysis also revealed good performance. Additionally, previous research has shown that KXTx-related risk factors are the primary concern for these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study constructed a predictive model for the acceptance of KXTx among patients awaiting kidney transplantation. This model has significance for studying the acceptance and attitudes of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating accountability, transparency, and bias in AI-assisted healthcare decision- making: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives in the UK.","authors":"Saoudi Ce Nouis, Victoria Uren, Srushti Jariwala","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01243-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01243-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning of individual genetic findings to biobank participants: a mixed methods study results in Lithuania.","authors":"Jūratė Lekstutienė, Rūta Žiliukaitė, Marija Jakubauskienė, Eugenijus Gefenas","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01250-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01250-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How participation in deliberative engagement affects awareness of, and attitudes towards, genomics research and data sharing: evidence from rural Ghana.","authors":"Irene Honam Tsey, Pamela Emefa Selormey, John Ganle, Patricia Akweongo, Paulina Tindana","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01251-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01251-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkish medical oncologists' perspectives on integrating artificial intelligence: knowledge, attitudes, and ethical considerations.","authors":"Efe Cem Erdat, Filiz Çay Şenler","doi":"10.1186/s12910-025-01249-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12910-025-01249-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models (LLM) into oncology has potential benefits, yet medical oncologists' knowledge, attitudes, and ethical concerns remain unclear. Understanding these perspectives is particularly relevant in Türkiye, which has approximately 1340 practicing oncologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, online survey was distributed via the Turkish Society of Medical Oncology's channels from October 16 to November 27, 2024. Data on demographics, AI usage, self-assessed knowledge, attitudes, ethical/regulatory perceptions, and educational needs were collected. Quantitative analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and graphics were generated using R v.4.3.1, and qualitative analysis of open-ended responses was conducted manually.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 147 respondents (representing about 11% of Turkish oncologists), 77.5% reported prior AI use, mainly LLMs, yet only 9.5% had formal AI education. While most supported integrating AI into prognosis estimation, research, and decision support, concerns persisted regarding patient-physician relationships and social perception. Ethical reservations centered on patient management, scholarly writing, and research design. Over 79% deemed current regulations inadequate and advocated ethical audits, legal frameworks, and patient consent. Nearly all were willing to receive AI training, reflecting a substantial educational gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Turkish medical oncologists exhibit cautious optimism toward AI but highlight critical gaps in training, clear regulations, and ethical safeguards. Addressing these needs could guide responsible AI integration. Limitations include a single-country perspective. Further research is warranted to generalize findings and assess evolving attitudes as AI advances.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable due to cross-sectional survey design.</p>","PeriodicalId":55348,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Ethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}