Bulletin of Volcanology最新文献

{"title":"Distribution, intensity, and timing of palagonitization in glaciovolcanic deposits, Cracked Mountain volcano, Canada","authors":"Sophia Leiter, James K. Russell, Michael J. Heap, Rene W. Barendregt, Sasha Wilson, Ben Edwards","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01724-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01724-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Cracked Mountain edifice is a basaltic subglacial volcano (i.e. tuya) situated in southwest British Columbia, Canada. The edifice is dominated by subaqueously deposited, massive to poorly stratified, variably palagonitized lapilli tuffs intruded by syn-eruptive dikes and lobes of peperitic pillow-lavas (15–20 vol.%); minor stacks of pillow-lava are found on the margins of the edifice. Here, we present mineralogical, textural, and physical property data for 134 sample cores from the palagonitized volcaniclastic deposits. Our sample suite includes three specific field environments defined by proximity to intrusive heat sources: (i) proximal (&lt; 1 m) deposits (ENV1), (ii) deposits within 1–5 m of intrusions (ENV2), and (iii) deposits far removed (&gt; 5 m) from discernible heat sources (ENV3). The dataset comprises mineralogy and measurements of density, porosity, permeability, P-wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, and paleomagnetism. Increased palagonitization is marked by increases in authigenic mineral abundance (smectite and analcime), density, strength, and P-wave velocity and concomitant decreases in porosity and permeability. Paleomagnetic data show a common pole direction recorded by all volcanic deposits indicating volcanism occurred within a single paleomagnetic moment (&lt; 200 years). Palagonitization of the volcaniclastic deposits is driven by heat supplied by syn-eruptive intrusions and is most intense in ENV1, where dikes raised temperatures (&gt; 150 °C) for a prolonged duration (&lt; 1 year), and weakest in ENV3 deposits reheated to lower temperatures (&lt; 150 °C). The timescale of palagonitization was short and coincident with the emplacement and cooling of syn-eruptive intrusions. The mapped intensity of palagonitization and thermal modelling are used to define a ‘palagonite window’ as a function of time and distance from heat sources (i.e. dikes).</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lasting, small-to-moderate eruptions at composite volcanoes: reconstructing the largest eruption of Mt. Ruapehu (New Zealand) of the last two millennia","authors":"Marija Voloschina, Gert Lube, Anja Moebis, Costanza Bonadonna, Marco Pistolesi, Jonathan Procter","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01723-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01723-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small-to-moderate explosive eruptions involve VEIs ≤ 3, tephra volumes ≤ 0.1 km³ and often eject a significant amount of ash-sized pyroclastic material. This reduces the preservation potential of associated deposits and leads to an underrepresentation of these low- to mid-intensity explosive eruptions in long-term, frequency-magnitude datasets. Mt. Ruapehu is one of New Zealand’s most active volcanoes, having produced at least 32 small-to-moderate eruptions over the past 1800 years. The largest of these eruptions deposited the widespread T13-sequence and lasted several months to years. The cumulative deposit volume is estimated at 0.15 km³, thus being an order of magnitude larger than the average deposit volumes of the last 1800 years at Ruapehu. The sequence of pyroclastic fall deposits can be subdivided into six depositional sub-units representing at least five eruption phases of variable intensity and magnitude. The ash-lapilli sequence displays variable dispersal, deposit textures and pyroclast characteristics. While the initial phase is characterised by dispersal limited to the proximal 11 km and a tephra volume of 8.5 × 10⁵ m³ (± 3%), the following high-intensity “peak” phase is estimated at 8.8 × 10⁷ m³ (± 37.8%), representing about ⁓60% of the cumulative tephra volume. The combination of deposit characteristics with textural analysis of different types of juvenile clasts suggests that changes in eruption style and intensity were mainly controlled by shallow processes in the conduit, such as degassing and crystallisation and changes in conduit geometry. Multilobate, irregular dispersal patterns and laterally variable pyroclast assemblage indicate unsteady eruption conditions characterised by weak eruption plumes controlled by prevailing winds. This study testifies the complexity of tephra sequences associated with long-lasting, small-to-moderate eruptions, and describes the key eruption parameters that can be obtained through a detailed characterisation and identifies the main limitations related to the classification of these eruptive styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphic framework of pulsed volcanism in the central Ethiopian Plateau","authors":"Dereje Ayalew, Faysel Sefa Abdu, Raphaël Pik, Bekele Abebe, Worash Getaneh, Balemwal Atnafu","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01726-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01726-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a new stratigraphy of a 50 × 20 km area of the Ethiopian Plateau near Seladingay in northern Shewa province, some 160 km northeast of Addis Ababa. Situated near the rim of the plateau where the Afar depression funnels southwest into the Ethiopian rift, the area consists of &gt; 1200 m of basalt lavas and interbedded rhyolitic volcanics. We describe three detailed stratigraphic sections and establish stratigraphic units on the basis of lithology and thin-section petrography, placed in the context of the regional stratigraphic framework and existing geochronology. We identify and name five new formations, each a package of either basaltic or rhyolitic units. Interlayered sedimentary strata and paleosols attest to intervals of volcanic quiescence. Likely initiating in the Paleogene, volcanism in our study area differs from the coeval Ethiopian Traps both in terms of lava composition and mechanism of magma genesis and extends into the Miocene (~ 15 Ma). From this, we determine that the first four of the volcanic formations in the central Ethiopian Plateau record a unique episode of volcanism in East Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olivine diffusion constrains months-scale magma transport within Kīlauea volcano’s summit reservoir system prior to the 2020 eruption","authors":"Kendra J. Lynn, Patricia A. Nadeau, Dawn C. S. Ruth, Jefferson C. Chang, Peter J. Dotray, Ingrid A. Johanson","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01714-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01714-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The unprecedented 2018 summit collapse at Kīlauea and subsequent 2020–2021 eruption within the newly deepened Halema‘uma‘u Crater provide an unparalleled opportunity to understand how collapse events impact a volcano’s shallow reservoir system and magmatic processes. Glass and olivine from tephra ejected by lava fountains and several explosions on 20–21 December, within a few hours of the 2020 eruption onset, yield information about pre-eruptive magma storage and transport. The olivine population is bimodal with zoned and non-zoned phenocrysts. Normally zoned olivine crystals with core compositions around Fo₈₈ have 30–50 μm wide Fo₈₂ overgrowth rims that have skeletal textures. Two skeletal xenocrysts (cores Fo₇₄ and Fo₈₁) are also reversely zoned up to Fo₈₂ rims. The crystal cores have trace element records of at least two cycles of growth and dissolution prior to the formation of the overgrowth rims. These rims and a separate population of non-zoned Fo₈₂ crystals are in Fe–Mg equilibrium with their host glass (average MgO of 6.9 ± 0.4 wt% (1σ), Mg# [Mg / (Mg + Fe²⁺)] of 0.57), which suggests undercooling after intrusion of magma to shallow levels in the plumbing system. In the years prior to the 2018 collapse, non-zoned Fo₈₁ olivine and slightly lower MgO glasses (6.8 wt%) reflected continuous mixing and compositional buffering of magma recharge into several km³ of stored magma in the Halema‘uma‘u reservoir (1–2 km depth). The 2020 olivine crystals lack evidence of an intrusion mixing with resident shallow magma, indicating that magma transport occurred in a disrupted system, and/or it may not have significantly mixed with stored magma remaining in the Halema‘uma‘u reservoir after the events of 2018. Diffusion modeling of Fe–Mg exchange in the zoned 2020 olivine crystals yield timescales that are mostly 60 days prior to the eruption or less, which aligns well with 22–24 October 2020 and subsequent seismic swarms at Nāmakani Paio ~ 5 km west of Kīlauea’s summit caldera. This correlation indicates that magma intruding beneath the summit (volume accommodation, recorded by the olivine crystals) was expressed by tectonic earthquakes along the Ka‘ōiki fault zone (stress accommodation). The absence of precursory SO₂ within minutes prior to eruption also indicates that the 2020 December magma may have risen from 1 to 2 km depth to the surface in as little as 10 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOTVOLC: the official French satellite-based service for operational monitoring and early warning of volcanic ash plumes","authors":"Yannick Guéhenneux, Mathieu Gouhier","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01716-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01716-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early detection of volcanic ash clouds is crucial to aviation safety and airspace surveillance. With the increase in air traffic and the frequency of volcanic eruptions, the need for effective warning procedures and improved detection methods has become obvious. The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 showed that air traffic operations were severely disrupted and highlighted the importance of effective communication strategies between stakeholders. To improve monitoring capabilities, satellite techniques have become essential due to their wide coverage and rapid response. This article presents the HOTVOLC 3.0 web-Geographic Information System (GIS) interface, an enhanced version of the French operational monitoring platform developed at the Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC) and certified by the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-INSU). By integrating data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, HOTVOLC 3.0 enables early detection of volcanic activity and monitoring of ash plumes and clouds. The HOTVOLC service is designed to support volcanic observatories, volcano research institutes, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC), and other operational actors who play a crucial role in decision-making and the implementation of effective risk management strategies for aviation safety. After a description of how the system works, we provide details of the updated web interface, which enhances the user experience by offering an interface with an operational mode and an archive mode, enabling easy access to past eruptions for training purposes. In the second part, we look at the various ash-related observation products (detection algorithms and quantitative products) that are disseminated via the new interface. Finally, we explore future developments of the platform, including the use of machine learning for ash detection, the integration of data from other geostationary satellites to improve product quality, and the forthcoming arrival of data from Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) satellites.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperatures recorded from January 2019 to February 2023 in the high-temperature fumaroles of the active cone of La Fossa Caldera","authors":"Iole Serena Diliberto, Maria Grazia Di Figlia, Paolo Cosenza, Luigi Foresta Martin, Vincenzo Francofonte, Andrea Mastrolia, Giuseppe Messina, Giuseppe Passafiume","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01720-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01720-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dome permeability and fluid circulation at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe implied from soil CO $$_2$$ degassing, thermal flux and self-potential","authors":"Amelie Klein, David E. Jessop, Franck Donnadieu, Joanny Pierre, Roberto Moretti","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01713-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01713-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying subsurface fluid flows and related heat and gas fluxes can provide essential clues for interpreting the evolution of volcanic unrest in volcanoes with active hydrothermal systems. To better constrain the distribution of current hydrothermal activity, we mapped diffuse soil CO<span>(_2)</span> degassing, ground temperature and self-potential covering the summit of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe during 2022–2023. We identify areas of fluid recharge and the zones and extent of major ascending hydrothermal flows. This paper provides a first estimate for summit ground CO<span>(_2)</span> flux of 4.20±0.86 t<span>(text {d}^{-1})</span>, representing about half the CO<span>(_2)</span> emissions from the summit fumaroles. We find an extensive area of ground heating of at least 22250±6900 m<span>(^{2})</span> in size and calculate a total ground heat flux of 2.93±0.78 MW, dominated by a convective flux of 2.25±0.46 MW. The prominent summit fractures exert significant control over hydrothermal fluid circulation and delimit a main active zone in the NE sector. The observed shift in subsurface fluid circulation towards this sector may be attributed to a changing ground permeability and may also be related to observed fault widening and the gravitational sliding of the dome’s SW flank. Our results indicate that the state of sealing of the dome may be inferred from the mapping of hydrothermal fluid fluxes, which may help evaluate potential hazards associated with fluid pressurisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano: geophysical data, numerical modelling, and petrological evidence","authors":"Takeshi Nishimura, Tomofumi Kozono, Akiko Matsumoto, Mitsuhiro Nakagawa, Masato Iguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01722-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01722-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the magma conduit system beneath three active craters that have repeatedly generated Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, by analysing seismic, infrasound, and tilt data. The hypocentres of the earthquakes associated with the Vulcanian eruptions are distributed separately at shallow depths of approximately 0.5 km beneath the craters. Infrasound indicated that the swelling of the crater floor starts approximately 0.2 s after the occurrence of earthquakes and that the eruption starts about 0.3 to 0.5 s later. During an eruption, tilt vectors at a station approximately 2.7 km far from the active craters indicated a deflationary trend directed toward one of the three active craters. A 1-D conduit flow simulation indicated pressure build-up at a depth of 0.4–1.0 km beneath the crater, consistent with previously reported pressure sources during eruptions detected by geodesy. Volcanic lapilli emitted from the three craters have the same chemical composition; hence, Vulcanian eruptions of all three studied craters originate from a common magma source.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative assessment of crop vulnerability to tephra hazard at Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador: understanding the effect of volcanic and biological factors","authors":"Noa Ligot, William Viera, Diego Peñaherrera, Benjamin Bernard, Patrick Bogaert, Pierre Delmelle","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01710-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01710-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crops are regularly impacted by tephra from explosive volcanic eruptions, causing significant economic losses and jeopardising farmers’ livelihood at the local to regional scales. Crop vulnerability to tephra remains poorly understood, impeding the construction of robust risk models for agriculture. Previous studies of crop vulnerability to tephra are semi-quantitative and consider tephra accumulation as the only hazard intensity metric. Here, we provide a robust evaluation of crop vulnerability based on the analysis of 700 sets of quantitative data, allowing for the assessment of the influence of various volcanic and non-volcanic factors. We collected farmers’ perceptions of damage to fodders, root and tuber crops, leafy crops, legumes, cereals, tree fruits, non-tree fruits, and estimations of their yield loss due to the August 16–17, 2006, October–November, 2015, and February–March, 2016, eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador. Crop yield loss increased with tephra loads (48 ± 35, 69 ± 33, and 76 ± 34% for &lt; 0.5, 0.5–5, and 5–50 kg m⁻², respectively), and we found that exposure to tephra led to a greater decline in yield compared to existing predictions. The results further highlight the plant phenological stage as a key factor of vulnerability. Exposure to tephra during the flowering period of legumes, cereals, and tree fruits caused a median yield loss ≥ 80%. Legumes, tree fruits, and non-tree fruits are more vulnerable to tephra than onions. Quantitative knowledge on crop vulnerability to tephra can be obtained from post-eruption impact assessments provided that a large population sample is collected and careful uncertainty analysis is conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal unrest at La Fossa (Vulcano Island, Italy): the 2021–2023 VIIRS 375 m MIROVA-processed dataset","authors":"Adele Campus, Simone Aveni, Marco Laiolo, Francesco Massimetti, Diego Coppola","doi":"10.1007/s00445-024-01721-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-024-01721-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}