Bulletin of Volcanology最新文献

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Analysis and automatic detection of lava flows using SAR backscatter applied to the 2017 eruption of Erta 'Ale Volcano, Ethiopia. 2017年埃塞尔比亚Erta’Ale火山喷发的SAR后向散射熔岩流分析与自动检测
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-01984-8
Jemima Gosling, Edna Warsame Dualeh, Juliet Biggs
{"title":"Analysis and automatic detection of lava flows using SAR backscatter applied to the 2017 eruption of Erta 'Ale Volcano, Ethiopia.","authors":"Jemima Gosling, Edna Warsame Dualeh, Juliet Biggs","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-01984-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-01984-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mapping lava flows from a range of conditions and environments is critical for understanding flow behaviour and hazard assessment, but ground-based observations can be challenging, especially in remote regions. Here, we use 39 SAR backscatter images from the COSMO-SkyMed satellite to measure the extent and surface properties of lava flows from the 2017 to 2019 eruption of Erta 'Ale volcano, Ethiopia. Using pairs of SAR backscatter images, we produce change difference images and map the flow outlines. We observe both increases and decreases in backscatter, which we attribute to differences in surface roughness. These manual-derived flow maps produced detailed outlines that are consistent with results obtained from other datasets, such as coherence. We then apply a sequential analysis technique, CUSUM, to corrected backscatter timeseries and find that it can automatically identify flows with an accuracy of 88%. Automated detection provides an objective and repeatable alternative to manual mapping. We find that at least four pre-eruption acquisitions are required as a baseline to achieve a robust classification. Our results demonstrate that SAR backscatter timeseries analysis can be used to characterise lava flow emplacement and surface evolution in remote volcanic environments.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-01984-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 6","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The first documented volcanic eruption of Hayli Gubbi, Afar, Ethiopia. 第一次有记录的火山喷发发生在埃塞俄比亚阿法尔的海利古比。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-01997-3
Dereje Ayalew, Karen Fontijn, Faysel Sefa Abdu, Derek Keir, Amdemichael Z Tadesse, Carolina Pagli, Alessandro La Rosa, Pablo Tierz, Abate Melaku, William Hutchison, Patrick Sugden, Gezahegn Yirgu, Asfie M Nigussie, Osman Ahmed, Hindeya Gebru, Martin F Mangler, Matthew J Cooper, Atalay Ayele
{"title":"The first documented volcanic eruption of Hayli Gubbi, Afar, Ethiopia.","authors":"Dereje Ayalew, Karen Fontijn, Faysel Sefa Abdu, Derek Keir, Amdemichael Z Tadesse, Carolina Pagli, Alessandro La Rosa, Pablo Tierz, Abate Melaku, William Hutchison, Patrick Sugden, Gezahegn Yirgu, Asfie M Nigussie, Osman Ahmed, Hindeya Gebru, Martin F Mangler, Matthew J Cooper, Atalay Ayele","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-01997-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-01997-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hayli Gubbi volcano in the Afar Regional State of Ethiopia experienced its first historically documented volcanic eruption on 23 November 2025. The event produced a short-lived sustained eruption column, with ash dispersal and fallout primarily towards the north and east of the volcano, and the formation of two new craters at Hayli Gubbi's summit. Ash from the northern lobe has a basaltic (trachy)andesitic composition. The eruption was preceded, in July 2025, by a dyke intrusion originating from neighbouring Erta Ale volcano, migrating over 30 km southward and intercepting Hayli Gubbi where inflation occurred. Renewed ground deformation started again in Erta Ale ~ one month before the Hayli Gubbi eruption during which a sudden reservoir contraction and a new collapse caldera was formed. Synchronous deformation signals suggest both volcanoes are structurally coupled. Intense degassing continues at Hayli Gubbi during the months after the eruption. We provide the first accounts of the eruption's development, assembling on-the-ground observations, geophysical and geochemical data and satellite imagery to characterize the physical features of the eruption and its impact. Whilst impact remained limited, partly due to low exposure in the remote region, the eruption did cause disruption to international air traffic. This eruption is another stark reminder of the urgent need for increased capacity for volcano monitoring and data-supported volcanic hazard assessment in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-01997-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 7","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voronoi-based analysis of clustering dynamics in experimental volcanic ash clouds. 基于voronoi的实验火山灰云聚类动力学分析。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-025-01933-x
Antonio Capponi, Corrado Cimarelli, Pablo Mininni
{"title":"Voronoi-based analysis of clustering dynamics in experimental volcanic ash clouds.","authors":"Antonio Capponi, Corrado Cimarelli, Pablo Mininni","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01933-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01933-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explosive volcanic eruptions inject large amounts of ash into the atmosphere, where it disperses regionally and globally, posing risks to aviation, infrastructure, and public health. Accurate ash dispersal forecasting is crucial for hazard mitigation, yet current models primarily rely on eruption source parameters, such as particle size distribution, while largely neglecting evolving atmospheric ash distributions. Turbulence-driven particle interactions generate dense clusters that travel faster than isolated particles, shortening the residence time of fine ash and potentially boosting collision and aggregation rates. These processes remain poorly constrained. Here, we present an experimental framework to quantify clustering in controlled ash columns over particle volume fractions <i>φ</i> = 10<sup>-5</sup>-10<sup>-2</sup>. Using Laacher See ash (1000-63 µm), we vary particle size distributions and release rates, acquire high-speed laser-illuminated videos for particle tracking, and apply Voronoi tessellation to quantify preferential concentration. We find that particle-driven convection intensifies with decreasing size, while varying <i>φ</i> modulates clustering across all sizes < 500 µm. Clustering produces strongly inhomogeneous distributions within the column, enhances particle-particle interactions, and likely promotes aggregation. It also affects settling, as smaller particles within clusters can settle faster than larger, unclustered ones, thus challenging traditional assumptions that link particle size to settling velocity. Incorporating these dynamics into dispersal models, and accounting for their signatures in remote-sensing retrievals, should improve forecast accuracy and refine our understanding of volcanic ash transport and deposition.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01933-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 2","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term deformation of coastal volcanoes in SE-Asia: linking displacement rates, volcanic activity and flank instabilities. 东南亚沿海火山的长期变形:连接位移速率、火山活动和侧翼不稳定性。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-025-01915-z
Edgar U Zorn, Falk Amelung, Francesco Massimetti, Marco Laiolo, Diego Coppola, Thomas R Walter, Yan Lavallée, Herlan Darmawan
{"title":"Long-term deformation of coastal volcanoes in SE-Asia: linking displacement rates, volcanic activity and flank instabilities.","authors":"Edgar U Zorn, Falk Amelung, Francesco Massimetti, Marco Laiolo, Diego Coppola, Thomas R Walter, Yan Lavallée, Herlan Darmawan","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01915-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01915-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term deformation is observed at many volcanoes worldwide, providing valuable insights into sub-volcanic processes. Deformation also informs on volcano flank instability, which presents a major hazard in the event of a complete or partial collapse of the edifice, which may further trigger a tsunami if the volcano is located near the sea. We explore InSAR datasets to investigate surface deformation of 20 potentially hazardous coastal volcanoes in Southeast Asia. We find that over 90% of them exhibit signs of persistent or episodic surface deformation. Most volcanoes experience line-of-sight (LOS) increase with displacement rates spanning a broad range and reaching up to 29 cm/yr at Ruang. These are either steady, or experience distinct acceleration periods, lasting for several months to years following increased volcanic activity measured as the volcanic radiative power (VRP) and reported periods of unrest or eruptions. We attribute the majority of observed deformation to gravity-driven processes and cooling of young surface deposits. Analysis of displacement components shows subsidence for all cases of LOS increase, coupled with varying horizontal displacements showing either (i) convergence, representing inwards displacements of the flanks due to volume loss by gravitational compaction and cooling contraction, (ii) divergence, representing outwards spreading due to instability of the volcano flanks via surficial downslope flank creep or fault sliding or (iii) near-unilateral horizontal displacements across most of the edifice, representing sliding via a deep detachment fault. We suggest that the horizontal component of InSAR deformation on volcanic edifices may be used to quickly assess the dominant deformation patterns. Applying this concept, we identify potential flank instability at four volcanoes (Anak Krakatau, Lewotobi, Sirung and Ulawun), which may pose future collapse hazards. This work offers new insights into the types and rates of volcano flank deformation, demonstrates a direct link between increased volcanic activity levels and deformation rates, and provides an improved comparative basis to other volcanic regions worldwide.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01915-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12700928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the electrical charge and settling velocity of volcanic ash with a new, cost-effective apparatus (VoltAsh) both in the laboratory and in the field. 在实验室和现场用一种新的、经济有效的仪器(volash)测量火山灰的电荷和沉降速度。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-02027-y
Allan Fries, Eduardo Rossi, Jonathan P Merrison, Jens Jacob Iversen, Tatsushi Matsuyama, Frédéric Arlaud, Jonathan Lemus, Simon Thivet, Carolina Diaz-Vecino, Riccardo Simionato, Costanza Bonadonna
{"title":"Measuring the electrical charge and settling velocity of volcanic ash with a new, cost-effective apparatus (VoltAsh) both in the laboratory and in the field.","authors":"Allan Fries, Eduardo Rossi, Jonathan P Merrison, Jens Jacob Iversen, Tatsushi Matsuyama, Frédéric Arlaud, Jonathan Lemus, Simon Thivet, Carolina Diaz-Vecino, Riccardo Simionato, Costanza Bonadonna","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-02027-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-02027-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical charges play a key role in particle-particle interactions during transport and deposition of volcanic ash with significant impact on their atmospheric residence time, as they can influence aggregation processes. Nonetheless, direct field measurements are rare due to logistic challenges, resulting in a very limited understanding of charge generation and aggregation mechanisms. This study introduces VoltAsh, a cost-effective, portable device for measuring the charge and velocity of settling volcanic ash particles using a Through-Type Faraday Cage (TTFC) and a charge amplifier circuit. Laboratory validation confirmed the accuracy of both charge and velocity measurements when compared with state-of-the-art techniques. Field deployments at Sakurajima volcano (Japan) in November 2023 enabled automated, semi-continuous measurements over several hours, detecting particle charges ranging from 0.5 to 250 pC and velocities up to 5 ms <math><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math> . Measurements at Etna volcano (Italy) in July 2024 detected fewer charged particles, likely due to differences in eruptive style, grain size, particle properties and atmospheric conditions. These findings highlight VoltAsh's potential for advancing studies of volcanic ash transport and deposition processes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-02027-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 9","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complex eruption processes and deposits of basaltic fissures: insights from the ~37 ka Budj Bim volcanic complex, Southeastern Australia. 复杂的喷发过程和玄武岩裂缝沉积:来自澳大利亚东南部~37 ka Budj Bim火山复合体的见解。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-01967-9
Janine L Kavanagh, Katy J Chamberlain, Jade A Hrintchuk, Elisabetta Mariani, Julie Boyce, Stefano Urbani, Tegan A Havard, Kate M Williams, Ray A F Cas
{"title":"Complex eruption processes and deposits of basaltic fissures: insights from the ~37 ka Budj Bim volcanic complex, Southeastern Australia.","authors":"Janine L Kavanagh, Katy J Chamberlain, Jade A Hrintchuk, Elisabetta Mariani, Julie Boyce, Stefano Urbani, Tegan A Havard, Kate M Williams, Ray A F Cas","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-01967-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-01967-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout Earth's history, eruptions from volcanic fissures have been responsible for some of the largest outpourings of basaltic magma, impacting climate and society. In continental monogenetic settings, these eruptions can occur on short timescales and with short notice after long quiescence. Their deposits are often quickly destroyed or buried as the eruption progresses, limiting understanding of eruption triggers and hazards uniquely garnered from these tephra layers and lavas. The ~37 ka Budj Bim Volcanic Complex (BBVC) in the active intracontinental monogenetic Newer Volcanics Province (NVP), southeastern Australia (~4.5 Ma to present), is a rarely preserved volcanic fissure system that provides new insight on how magma ascent dynamics impact eruptions. The BBVC comprises a 2.2 km long array of basaltic scoria cones, spatter cones, an elongate open crater with steep inward-sloping walls and a substantial lava-tube-fed flow field. Newly logged eruption sequences, petrography and geochemical analysis reveal five eruption stages, involving vent-shifting along a dyke-fed fissure, and rapid changes in eruption styles between Strombolian and micro-Plinian activity interspersed with concurrent and intermittent phreatomagmatism. The eruption culminated in the establishment and then breach of an elongate lava lake, feeding the > 30 km long culturally significant Tyrendarra lava flow (UNESCO World Heritage site). The BBVC eruption would have evolved similarly to the 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga-Holuhraun fissure eruption in Iceland, but with increased complexity due to its intraplate continental setting and feeder dyke interaction with aquifers and near-surface faults, resulting in greater level of phreatomagmatism and explosion depths potentially down to 320 m. This finding must be considered to improve future eruption scenario assessments in the NVP and builds new understanding of complex volcanic fissure eruption behaviour that can be applied to similar systems around the world.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-01967-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 4","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shallow permeability structure and gas flow in hydrothermally altered soils at the Rotokawa Geothermal Field, New Zealand. 新西兰Rotokawa地热田热液蚀变土壤的浅层渗透结构和气体流动。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-02002-7
Roberto Davoli, Giancarlo Tamburello, Tullio Ricci, Cristian Montanaro, Riccardo Civico, Shane J Cronin, Farrell Siega, Carlo Cardellini, Thomas J Jones, Bettina Scheu
{"title":"Shallow permeability structure and gas flow in hydrothermally altered soils at the Rotokawa Geothermal Field, New Zealand.","authors":"Roberto Davoli, Giancarlo Tamburello, Tullio Ricci, Cristian Montanaro, Riccardo Civico, Shane J Cronin, Farrell Siega, Carlo Cardellini, Thomas J Jones, Bettina Scheu","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-02002-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-02002-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrothermal alteration exerts strong control on shallow permeability and degassing dynamics in geothermal systems. Here, we investigate how soil alteration influences near-surface gas flow by combining in situ petrophysical measurements with horizontal and vertical subsurface gas-concentration profiles at the Rotokawa geothermal field, New Zealand. These data are compared against unoccupied aerial system (UAS) thermal surveys of collapse structures across the field. Soil permeability at Rotokawa ranges from 8.7 × 10<sup>-14</sup> to > 6.5 × 10<sup>-13</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, highlighting strong meter- to decimeter-scale heterogeneity in shallow soil properties. Pumice-rich horizons are the main conduits for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> flow, whereas clay-rich horizons locally act as semiconfining layers that promote CO<sub>2</sub> accumulation and lateral diversion (leading to concentrations of > 4 × 10<sup>4</sup> ppm). Since CO<sub>2</sub> does not condense under near-surface conditions, the clay layers promote horizontal flow along permeable beds until gas encounters a high-permeability escape route or collapse-related discontinuity. Collapse structures locally disrupt and reorganize flow by acting as conduits or sinks that focus, capture, or redistribute gases near their margins. The gas profiles reveal patterns consistent with a shallow gas-steam decoupling zone in which steam condensation may contribute to sealing processes, as previously observed in steam-heated geothermal systems worldwide. These coupled effects of soil type and structural and alteration controls explain the spatial heterogeneity of surficial degassing at Rotokawa and provide a framework for interpreting evolving degassing patterns in similar steam-heated geothermal systems. In the context of the reported decrease in diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at Rotokawa, progressive shallow sealing and gas refocusing may have contributed to apparent changes in emission patterns, alongside reservoir processes, recharge variability, environmental effects, and methodological uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-02002-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 7","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fissure locations and fire-fountain dynamics during the December 2023-September 2024 Svartsengi Volcanic System eruptions, Iceland, from aerial imagery and recreational webcam footage. 2023年12月至2024年9月冰岛Svartsengi火山系统喷发期间的裂缝位置和火喷泉动态,来自航空图像和娱乐网络摄像头镜头。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-02006-3
Rebekah S Rhodes, David M Pyle, Tamsin A Mather, Gro B M Pedersen, Michelle M Parks
{"title":"Fissure locations and fire-fountain dynamics during the December 2023-September 2024 Svartsengi Volcanic System eruptions, Iceland, from aerial imagery and recreational webcam footage.","authors":"Rebekah S Rhodes, David M Pyle, Tamsin A Mather, Gro B M Pedersen, Michelle M Parks","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-02006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-026-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent fissure-fed eruptions from the Svartsengi Volcanic System have significantly impacted Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula. With eruptions likely to continue intermittently for decades to centuries, exploring the controls on the locations of fissure-fed eruptions is important for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. This study maps eruptive fissures from six eruptions from December 2023 to September 2024 using satellite and aerial imagery and observes fire-fountain height evolution for four eruptions using webcam footage. We find that fissure locations are heavily influenced by topography, including features parallel to fissure strike and features formed during previous eruptions. The maximum fire-fountain heights ranged from 56 m during the January 2024 eruption to 133 m during the August 2024 eruption. Variations in fire-fountain heights in a single eruption between different fissure segments, and through time, appear to primarily be controlled by surface vent size and dike pressurisation, both of which increase mass eruption rate and lead to higher fountains. Understanding the controls on fissure location highlights areas most vulnerable to future fissure opening, which can help inform ongoing hazard assessment and risk mitigation. Digital video capture of future eruptions from multiple angles would augment monitoring and help refine models of fire-fountain evolution.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-026-02006-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 8","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crystals in rhyolitic melts can nucleate multiple bubbles: an experimentally constrained model. 流纹岩熔体中的晶体可以形成多个气泡:一个实验约束模型。
IF 2.8 2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-026-02048-7
Quinn Johnson, James E Gardner, Wade Aubin, Patrick Sullivan, Fabian B Wadsworth, Edward W Llewellin, Tamara Carley, Halim Kusumaatmaja, Dork Sahagian
{"title":"Crystals in rhyolitic melts can nucleate multiple bubbles: an experimentally constrained model.","authors":"Quinn Johnson, James E Gardner, Wade Aubin, Patrick Sullivan, Fabian B Wadsworth, Edward W Llewellin, Tamara Carley, Halim Kusumaatmaja, Dork Sahagian","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-02048-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-02048-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterogeneous nucleation of bubbles on crystals in magma is thought to be an important driver of volcanic eruptions. Decompression experiments were carried out to elucidate the kinetics of H<sub>2</sub>O bubble nucleation on crystals of different sizes. Samples used were mixtures of hydrated rhyolitic melt and populations of augite or hornblende crystals of < 20 µm or 20-40 µm. We found that bubbles nucleated on surfaces of both types of crystals at supersaturation pressures ≤ 10 MPa, which is a small fraction of the supersaturation needed to homogeneously nucleate H<sub>2</sub>O bubbles in the melt. Very small crystals (< 5-10 µm) will nucleate only ~ 1 bubble, whereas on larger crystals, the number of bubbles that nucleate at a given supersaturation increases with an increased crystal surface area. In addition, the number of bubbles that nucleate on crystals of a given surface area increases with increasing supersaturation, indicating that the distance between nucleation sites decreases with increased supersaturation. We propose that the closer spacing of nucleation sites at higher supersaturation arises from the competition between bubble nucleation rate and the rate of H<sub>2</sub>O diffusion. Based on these results, we develop a modified heterogeneous nucleation rate equation that accounts for the control of crystal surface area on heterogeneous bubble nucleation and the resulting bubble number density generated. We provide a spreadsheet that allows users to calculate both total bubble number density and number densities per crystal size for a specified crystal-size population and different conditions (H<sub>2</sub>O content, temperature, and final pressure).</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-02048-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"88 10","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The application of high resolution EarthDEM and ArcticDEM digital elevation models to detect and quantify volcanic activity: successes and challenges 应用高分辨率EarthDEM和ArcticDEM数字高程模型探测和量化火山活动:成功与挑战
2区 地球科学
Bulletin of Volcanology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00445-025-01838-9
Federico Galetto, Sadé M. Miller, Rose Barris, A. V. Shevchenko, M. E. Pritchard
{"title":"The application of high resolution EarthDEM and ArcticDEM digital elevation models to detect and quantify volcanic activity: successes and challenges","authors":"Federico Galetto, Sadé M. Miller, Rose Barris, A. V. Shevchenko, M. E. Pritchard","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01838-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-025-01838-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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