Bulletin of Volcanology最新文献

{"title":"Complex staged emplacement of a basaltic lava: The example of the July 1974 flow of Kīlauea.","authors":"S Biass, B F Houghton, E W Llewellin, K C Curran, T Thordarson, T R Orr, C E Parcheta, P Mouginis-Mark","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01817-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01817-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basaltic lava flows can be highly destructive. Forecasting the future path and/or behavior of an active lava flow is challenging because topography is often poorly constrained and lava has a complex rheology and emplacement history. Preserved lavas are an important source of information which, combined with observations of active flows, underpins conceptual models of lava flow emplacement. However, the value of preserved lavas is limited because pre-eruptive topography and, thus, syn-eruptive lava flow geometry are usually not known. Here, we use tree-mold data to constrain pre-eruptive topography and syn-eruptive lava flow geometry of the July 1974 flow of Kīlauea (USA). Tree molds, which are formed after advancing lava encloses standing trees, preserve the lava inundation height and the final preserved thickness of lava. We used data from 282 tree molds to reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution of the ~ 2.1 km-long July 1974 flow. The tree mold dataset yields a detailed dynamic picture of staged emplacement, separated by intervals of ponding. In some ponded areas, flow depth during emplacement (~ 5 m) was twice the preserved thickness of the final lava (2-3 m). Drainage of the ponds led to episodic surges in flow advancement, decoupled from fluctuations in vent discharge rate. We infer that the final breakout occurred after the cessation of fountaining. Such complex emplacement histories may be common for pāhoehoe lavas at Kīlauea and elsewhere in situations where the terrain is of variable slope, and/or where lava is temporarily perched and stored.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01817-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 4","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific response to the 2024-2025 dyke intrusions in the Fentale-Dofen Region, Ethiopia: geophysical monitoring, surface manifestations, and hazard mapping.","authors":"Elias Lewi, Juliet Biggs, Atalay Ayele, Tim Wright, Carolina Pagli, Derek Keir, Yechale Ali, Genet Assefa, Hua Wang, Alessandro La Rosa, Lin Way, Filagot Mengistu, Susan Loughlin, Raphaël Grandin, Tesfaye Temtime, Yelebe Birhanu, Jeffrey Freymueller, Weiyu Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01852-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01852-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In continental rifts, tectonic deformation, magmatic processes, and earthquakes interact dynamically reflecting the crust's complex response to extensional stress and evolving subsurface and surface conditions. Recent seismotectonic activity in the Fentale-Dofen region of the Main Ethiopian Rift was driven by the intrusion of several dykes reaching up to ~ 50 km in length observed using satellite radar interferometry. Over 300 earthquakes with magnitude 4 or greater were reported by international seismic networks and the GNSS site at Addis Ababa moved ~ 20 mm to the west. These and other observations on the ground were used to create a highly simplified hazard map and 75,000 people were evacuated. Although no magmatic eruption occurred, the earthquakes triggered landslides and caused infrastructure damage, especially to buildings and roads. Here we provide a preliminary analysis of the patterns of earthquakes, ground deformation, and surface manifestations from 2024 to 2025, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms contributing to seismic sequences in the area and key unresolved scientific questions. We discuss how scientific evidence was used to inform decision-makers and examine the short- and long-term implications for critical infrastructure and nearby communities. Finally, we emphasize the importance of real-time monitoring, proactive risk management, and the need for continuous observation and improved early warning systems to reduce future seismic and volcanic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 8","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analogue experiments to investigate magma mixing within dykes.","authors":"Tegan A Havard, Thomas J Jones, Janine L Kavanagh","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01809-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-025-01809-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple magmas residing in plumbing systems that feed fissure eruptions can physically and chemically interact and mix during storage, transport, and eruption. The extent and success of such mixing ultimately control the physical properties (e.g. density and viscosity) of the magma, the eruptive conditions, and thus the associated hazards. Analogue experimental studies have previously investigated magma interactions in plumbing systems typically with pipe-like or chamber-like geometries (i.e. cylindrical or cuboidal respectively) and immiscible fluids that represent magma mingling. However, these findings are difficult to extrapolate to high aspect ratio geometries typical of dykes that characterise fissure systems. Here, we present results from a high aspect ratio experimental setup to explore magma mixing within dykes. Using an array of miscible fluid pairs, representing magmas of differing composition, we found that flow is initially localised towards the centre of the system and mixing occurs at the interface between the two fluids, spreading laterally out over time. The mixing interface is generally greater, and mixing is more rapid when the starting physical properties of the two fluids are more similar. Furthermore, a dyke-like geometry facilitates mixing to a greater degree relative to a chamber-like system. We explore the implications of the mixing dynamics on diffusive and crystal exchange between magmas, the transport of magmas through the crust, and the evolution of physical and chemical properties of interacting magmas. The mixing ratio trends of our experimental data are similar to near-real time geochemical mixing data from the Kīlauea 2018 eruption, suggesting a future avenue for understanding the complexities of mixing during magma ascent.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01809-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 4","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How far are volcanologists from volcanoes?","authors":"Gilles Seropian, Thomas J Aubry, Jamie I Farquharson, James Hickey","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01849-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01849-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volcanoes are not randomly located on Earth, neither are volcanologists. We explored the physical distance between volcanologists and volcanoes by considering two categories of volcanoes: all volcanoes with a confirmed eruption in the Holocene and volcanoes that erupted in the past 50 years (1974-2024). We computed the distance between these volcanoes and the affiliation addresses from volcanologists, defined here as authors having published in the main volcanology journals. We then investigated the dependence of this distance on further bibliometric parameters, such as the journal published in or the author position. Affiliations were extracted from articles published since 1980 in four of the main English-speaking volcanology-focused journals in the Scopus database. Around 27% of volcanologists are based within 100 km of a Holocene volcano, compared to 14% of the world population. More than 85% of volcanologists are within 1000 km of a Holocene volcano, but 48% need to travel over 1000 km to visit a volcano that erupted in the past 50 years. We tested whether distance to the nearest volcano correlates with author position. We observed that researchers working nearer volcanoes tend to lead articles with more co-authors, which is robustly supported by statistical tests. We also found that authors in further positions tend to be based nearer recently active volcanoes, though this correlation is less significant. Using keywords to identify each article's studied volcano, we performed single volcano analysis for the 25 most frequently studied volcanoes in the dataset. We observed significant differences in the distance from authors to the target volcano. For instance, we obtained median author-volcano distances of 9 km for Campi Flegrei and 11,735 km for Merapi. Our analyses also permitted a very simplistic estimate of the carbon footprint from fieldwork travel, yielding CO <math><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow></mrow></mmultiscripts> </math> equivalent emissions of about 1 ton per travelling author, with an order of magnitude uncertainty. The database presented is very rich and could serve future efforts in science strategy, equality, diversity and inclusivity, outreach, and sustainability.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01849-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 8","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12226685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the use of chondroitin sulphate and glucosamine for the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Víctor Ruiz-Romero, Jorge Toledano-Serrabona, Cosme Gay-Escoda","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2076796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2076796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GS), the most relevant drugs of \"Symptomatic Slow Acting Drug for Osteoarthritis\" (SYSADOA), in the functional and symptomatic improvement of temporomandibular dysfunction. Although, controversy exists regarding their benefit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic search was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The risk of bias assessment was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Data were meta-analyzed with a random effect model whenever possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs were included. Qualitative results showed a decrease in pain, joint noise, and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid and an improvement in maximum mouth opening without significant adverse effects. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in maximum mouth opening with the use of CS-GS (<i>p</i> = 0.19). No statistically significant differences were found in pain reduction compared to tramadol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CS-GS is effective and safe in the symptomatic and functional improvement of patients with TMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"79 1","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75147725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines and metadata model for a repository of volcanic samples.","authors":"Rosa Anna Corsaro, Claudia D'Oriano, Andrea Di Muro, Adelina Geyer, Lucia Gurioli, Lucia Pappalardo, Maddalena Pennisi, Massimo Pompilio, Claudia Principe, Giuseppe Re","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01816-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01816-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The volcanological community manages heterogeneous types of data acquired during research projects and monitoring activities of volcanoes. These data consist of both continuous and discrete measurements and observations, which are carried out by ground-based networks and remote sensing instruments, or during field surveys and laboratory analyses. Many types of volcanological research are largely based on the accurate sampling of rocks erupted during past and ongoing volcanic activity. Each sample represents a \"physical object\" which should be identified and archived before part of it is removed for analytical purposes. In this context, we recommend assigning the collected samples unique and persistent identifiers, such as the International Generic Sample Number (IGSN). However, although the IGSN allows recording the most essential information of the collected samples (e.g. geographic location, sampling method, and collector), the predefined metadata fields are not exhaustive for volcanic samples, which require additional information such as type and timing of the eruptive event, sample temperature, and texture. Here we design the guidelines necessary to facilitate communication between and search of multiple sample repositories and databases run by disparate institutions. To this aim, we build a metadata model, which integrate the IGSN metadata with supplementary information necessary for the monitoring and research activities carried out by the volcanological community. The long-term curation of collected materials is an important investment for the future. Indeed, these collections are a resource for the production of volcanological data, they reduce the need for repeated sampling, they preserve samples that can no longer be collected, and they allow repeat analyses to be made. The primary aim of this work, based on discussion within the EUROVOLC project, is to provide the basic information for populating a relational database structure in the future for the description of different volcanic samples, physically located in different physical repositories and institutions, in order to facilitate future sharing between different groups of scientists and more complete volcanological studies, by means of the proposed metadata structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 5","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking eruptive style with pore network geometry in tephritic/basanitic tephra from the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (Canary Islands, Spain).","authors":"Barbara Bonechi, Emily C Bamber, Margherita Polacci, Fabio Arzilli, Giuseppe La Spina, Elisa Biagioli, Jorge E Romero, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Richard Brooker, Robert Atwood, Mike Burton","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01833-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01833-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigating the textural properties and 3D geometry of the connected pore network in volcanic products provides insight into magma ascent processes, due to their influence on magma permeability, outgassing efficiency and explosivity. Here, we used X-ray computed microtomography to investigate vesicle textures in tephra from the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain) and the relationship between these pore network parameters and eruptive style. We report a 3D dataset of pore network parameters for lapilli clasts collected throughout the eruption, associated with different eruptive styles (ash-rich jets, lava fountains, Strombolian activity). In clasts from Strombolian activity, the lower vesicle number density (VND) and tortuosity factor (<i>m</i>) suggests that there are fewer vesicles and that the channels which connect them are less tortuous than in clasts from fountain and ash-rich jet activity, favouring a lower degree of gas-melt coupling and thus, more efficient outgassing. Instead, for clasts of lava fountain and ash-rich jet activity, the higher VND and <i>m</i> suggest a higher number of vesicles connected by more tortuous channels, promoting some degree of gas-melt coupling and thus, less efficient outgassing. However, in clasts from ash-rich jets, the presence of narrower channels, as suggested by the lower throat-pore size ratio, favours a greater degree of gas-melt coupling with respect to fountain activity, leading to magma fragmentation. This work highlights the importance of textural and pore network analyses in understanding eruption dynamics, and provides a case study for investigating the interplay between pore network parameters, magma permeability and ascent dynamics for low-viscosity magmas.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01833-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 6","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source dynamics of Ruapehu's 2022 volcanic unrest: insights from drumbeat seismicity, tremor, and crater lake signals.","authors":"Liam A Bramwell, Finnigan Illsley-Kemp, Ery C Hughes, Sophie Butcher, Oliver D Lamb, Yannik Behr","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01823-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01823-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ruapehu, one of Aotearoa New Zealand's most active andesitic volcanoes, experienced moderate to heightened volcanic unrest beginning March 2022. This included heightened volcanic tremor, the initiation of a new heating phase at the crater lake Te Wai ā-moe, and increases in gas emissions. The unrest featured highly periodic, low-frequency earthquakes known as 'drumbeats'. These signals have been observed around the world to often precede and/or accompany the ascent of magma and volcanic eruptions. However, Ruapehu did not erupt in 2022. In this work, approximately 43,000 discrete drumbeat events and 89 days of continuous volcanic tremor were identified over the 121-day unrest period. These were analysed in the time, amplitude, and frequency domains. We argue that increases in volcanic tremor, lake temperatures, and gas throughput are the result of magma ascent into the shallow system immediately prior to or contemporaneous with the onset of tremor. We construct a conceptual model for the generation of drumbeat, tremor, and lake temperature signals that consists of shallow magma storage, a gas cavity, a permeable cap, and the crater lake. The presence of repetitive drumbeat earthquakes results from transient sealing and failure within the fracture pathways of the permeable cap. This is driven and regulated primarily by pressure accumulation from persistently degassing magma and the strength of the sealing mechanism.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01823-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 6","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting the evolution of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption, La Palma, with TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO₂ emission rates.","authors":"B Esse, M Burton, C Hayer, G La Spina, A Pardo Cofrades, M Asensio-Ramos, J Barrancos, N Pérez","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01803-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01803-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a volcanic eruption begins, it becomes critical for risk managers to understand the likely evolution and duration of the activity to assess its impact on populations and infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO₂ emission rates during the 2021 eruption of Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, and show that this pattern allows a reliable and consistent forecast of the evolution of the SO₂ emissions after the first third of the total eruption duration. The eruption ended when fluxes dropped to less than 6% of their fitted maximum value, providing a useful benchmark to compare with other eruptions. Using a 1-D numerical magma ascent model, we suggest that the exponentially decreasing SO₂ emission trend was primarily produced by reducing magma chamber pressure as the eruption emptied the feeding reservoir. This work highlights the key role that satellite-derived SO₂ emission data can play in forecasting the evolution of volcanic eruptions and how the use of magma ascent models can inform the driving mechanisms controlling the evolution of the eruption.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01803-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 3","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small intrusions may help maintain Kīlauea's lava lake.","authors":"Taha Sadeghi Chorsi, Elisabeth Gallant, Lichen Forster, Jacqueline E Dixon, Timothy H Dixon","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01847-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00445-025-01847-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We collected rapid-repeat radar data capturing the deformation of the active Halema'uma'u summit lava lake surface on January 19, 2023, an otherwise quiescent period during the January-March 2023 eruption. Radar interferograms were generated every 90 s over a 90-min period of intermittent inflation using a scanning real aperture radar operating at Ku-band (17.4 mm wavelength). This technique allows observation of phenomena at a temporal scale and spatial resolution not previously possible. We model the intrusion as a shallow sill, 10 to 100 m below the lava lake surface. We suggest that frequent intrusions of such small volume pulses of gas-rich magma help to provide the flux of heat and mass necessary to compensate for cooling, outgassing, and recycling of dense degassed magma to deeper levels, sustaining the lava lake during periods of near-steady-state.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00445-025-01847-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":55297,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Volcanology","volume":"87 8","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}