Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of the Biodistribution of a Radiolabeled Antimicrobial Peptide for Precision Radiopharmaceutical-Guided Radionuclide Therapy in Severe Pneumonia Among Immunocompromised Patients with Cancer.","authors":"Xiaojuan Niu, Xiaoting Yang, Jianhua Jiao","doi":"10.1177/10849785261458470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10849785261458470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with cancer is associated with high morbidity, diagnostic uncertainty, and poor short-term outcomes. Precision radiopharmaceutical approaches may improve lesion localization, biodistribution assessment, and patient-specific treatment planning in this vulnerable population group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a prospective single-arm study of a DOTA-functionalized antimicrobial peptide radiolabeled with ¹⁷⁷Lu in immunocompromised patients with cancer with severe pneumonia. The study evaluated the radiochemical performance, <i>in vitro</i> stability, clinical biodistribution, pulmonary lesion localization, quantitative uptake kinetics, lesion dosimetry, short-term clinical response, and safety. The full cohort included 50 patients, with imaging- and dosimetry-evaluable subgroups of 5 and 15 patients, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The radiopharmaceutical demonstrated high radiochemical purity (98.5%) and favorable labeling efficiency, with optimal radiolabeling achieved at 60°C. Whole-body planar imaging and thoracic SPECT/CT revealed persistent pulmonary lesion uptake with improved delayed lesion conspicuity. In the imaging subgroup, the lesion-to-blood pool and lesion-to-normal lung ratios increased over time, indicating progressive lesion contrast. Dosimetric analysis showed the highest absorbed dose in pulmonary lesions (∼4.5 Gy/GBq), exceeding the doses to the kidneys, liver, normal lung, and blood. Eleven of the 15 dosimetry-evaluable patients exceeded the predefined lesion-to-kidney dose ratio threshold of >2.0. Clinically, 35 of the 50 patients (70%) improved, 10 (20%) remained stable, and 5 (10%) worsened. No grade 4 adverse events were observed, and treatment-related toxicities were predominantly grades 1-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled antimicrobial peptide imaging demonstrated favorable radiochemical characteristics, persistent pulmonary lesion targeting, clinically relevant dosimetric selectivity, and an acceptable short-term safety profile in immunocompromised patients with cancer with severe pneumonia. These findings support the translational potential of this peptide-based radiopharmaceutical as a theranostic platform for imaging-guided dosimetry-informed precision management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261458470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curved Vertebroplasty System Combined with Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Tumor-Related Pathological Vertebral Fractures.","authors":"Haitao Zhou, Lili Sheng, Zhengxin Zhou","doi":"10.1177/10849785261461404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10849785261461404","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare the clinical efficacy of the curved vertebroplasty system combined with targeted radionuclide therapy (radium-223/strontium-89) versus conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with radionuclide therapy in the treatment of malignant tumor-related pathological vertebral fractures, and to evaluate differences between the two surgical approaches in postfracture pain relief, vertebral morphological reconstruction, spinal functional recovery, and quality-of-life improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective analysis was performed on 125 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumor bone metastasis-related pathological vertebral fractures treated between January 2022 and December 2024. All patients received targeted radionuclide therapy, and vertebroplasty was performed 14-21 d after the last radionuclide dose. Patients were divided into the curved vertebroplasty combined with radionuclide therapy group (study group, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 63) and the conventional PVP combined with radionuclide therapy group (control group, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 62). The primary outcome was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score. Secondary outcomes included the postfracture vertebral height recovery rate, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), bone cement distribution, vertebral kyphotic angle, and SF-36 quality-of-life score. Patients were followed for 6 months, and radionuclide therapy-related adverse events were monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). At 3 and 6 months after pathological fracture surgery, VAS scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 2.5 ± 1.0; 1.4 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.9; both &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). At all postoperative time points, the study group demonstrated significantly superior vertebral height recovery rates, ODI, and RMDQ improvement (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;s &lt; 0.017), as well as a better kyphotic angle correction (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.017). The anterior-middle column bone cement fill rate was significantly higher in the study group (88.4% ± 9.1% vs. 74.6% ± 13.2%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), with no intraspinal cement leakage. All eight SF-36 domain scores were significantly higher in the study group at 6 months (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;s &lt; 0.001). Hematological toxicity rates did not differ significantly between groups (14.3% vs. 12.9%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.819).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In the surgical management of malignant tumor-related pathological vertebral fractures, the curved vertebroplasty system combined with targeted radionuclide therapy demonstrates significantly superior postfracture pain control, vertebral morphological reconstruction, spinal functional recovery, and quality-of-life improvement compared with conventional PVP combined with radionuclide therapy, without increasing radionuclide-related toxicity. The precise anteri","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261461404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Radionuclide Therapy in Precision Oncology.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Xing, Huihuan Yu, Songliang Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10849785261458513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10849785261458513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most clinically challenging malignancies, characterized by aggressive behavior, high metastatic propensity, and limited therapeutic options. Conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated only partial efficacy, underscoring the urgent need for novel precision oncology strategies. Radionuclide therapy, including targeted radioligand therapy and theranostic approaches, has emerged as a transformative modality in precision oncology, yet its application in TNBC is constrained by an incomplete understanding of molecular targets and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented resolution for characterizing gene expression profiles and cellular heterogeneity within the TNBC ecosystem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TNBC scRNA-seq data (GSE155109) were analyzed using Scanpy for quality control, dimensionality reduction, and cluster annotation. Mendelian randomization (MR) and summary-based MR analyses were employed to identify causal associations between biomarkers, gene expression levels (<i>CASP8, RPS23, SLC22A5, CRIPAK, EMB, CTSW</i>), and TNBC risk. Module scoring quantified risk and protective gene activities across cellular compartments. UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) and diffusion pseudotime analyses delineated transcriptional trajectories. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in MCF10A, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549 cell lines validated key computational findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single-cell analysis resolved 18 transcriptionally distinct clusters, reflecting the complex cellular architecture of the TNBC tumor microenvironment. Risk genes including <i>EMB</i> and <i>CASP8</i> were preferentially expressed in endothelial-enriched cell populations, while the protective gene <i>RPS23</i> was enriched in stromal compartments. Risk gene modules positively correlated with angiogenic activity, and pseudotime analysis revealed progressive risk gene activation during disease evolution. qRT-PCR confirmed significant upregulation of <i>EMB, CASP8, CTSW,</i> and <i>SLC22A5</i> in malignant lines (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with concomitant <i>RPS23</i> downregulation, consistent with transcriptomic data. Collectively, these molecular landscapes define putative targets for radionuclide-based theranostic strategies in precision oncology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study systematically elucidated gene expression characteristics and cellular heterogeneity in TNBC through single-cell transcriptomics, identifying key risk and protective genes with potential theranostic relevance. The identified molecular signatures represent a roadmap for developing radionuclide therapy approaches tailored to precision oncology management of TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261458513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide-Based Theranostic Mapping for Spatially Optimized Treatment Planning in Cervical Carcinoma.","authors":"Limiao Li, Lin Feng, Yue Zhou, Huike Chen, Qiang Li, Shumin Liu","doi":"10.1177/10849785261450841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10849785261450841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intratumoral heterogeneity in cervical carcinoma may influence absorbed dose distribution, treatment resistance, and response, but is not adequately captured by conventional uniform planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 35 patients with histologically confirmed cervical carcinoma underwent baseline theranostic imaging. Voxel-wise tumor uptake was analyzed to derive SUV_max, SUV_mean, tumor-to-background ratio, coefficient of variation, entropy, and fractional low-, intermediate-, and high-uptake subregions. Voxel-based absorbed dose distributions were estimated, and a dose heterogeneity index was calculated. Conventional uniform planning was compared with theranostic-guided spatial optimization. An integrated theranostic score was developed for response prediction and risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nonresponders showed higher uptake intensity, greater spatial heterogeneity, larger high-uptake fractions, and higher integrated theranostic scores than responders. Tumor absorbed dose exceeded that of bladder, rectum, and normal pelvic soft tissue. SUV_mean correlated positively with tumor absorbed dose, whereas uptake coefficient of variation correlated with dose heterogeneity. Theranostic-guided spatial optimization improved target coverage, conformity, and high-risk subregion coverage relative to conventional uniform planning. The integrated theranostic score demonstrated strong predictive performance for response classification (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radionuclide theranostic mapping provided a quantitative framework linking spatial uptake heterogeneity to dosimetry, planning benefit, and treatment response in cervical carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261450841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MICA/MICB-Mediated NKG2D Immune Escape in Cervical Cancer: Single-Cell Transcriptomic Mapping of Radionuclide Therapy Targets for Precision Radioimmunotherapy.","authors":"Jinchuan Ci, Chen Wang, Yuli Wang, Dan Li, Shidong Kan, Wenhui He","doi":"10.1177/10849785261458459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10849785261458459","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cervical cancer harbors a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that impairs innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and, critically, limits the efficacy of emerging radioimmunotherapy strategies. The NKG2D receptor-ligand axis-comprising the stress-inducible ligands MICA and MICB-constitutes a pivotal innate immune recognition interface whose surface expression on tumor cells determines susceptibility to NKG2D-armed effector cells and, by extension, dictates the targetability of radiolabeled NKG2D-directed probes for precision radionuclide therapy (RNT). Yet the mechanistic basis for NKG2D ligand dysregulation and its implications for radionuclide theranostics in cervical cancer remain poorly defined. This study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and experimental validation to comprehensively map the NKG2D-axis immune escape landscape in cervical carcinogenesis and to delineate its translational significance for precision RNT target selection and patient stratification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;scRNA-seq datasets (GSM1551311 and GSM1551411) were processed using Seurat and Harmony for cell-type annotation, immune landscape characterization, and radionuclide target density profiling. Louvain clustering was performed at a resolution of 0.8 after evaluating multiple resolution parameters (0.4-1.2) using the clustree package to ensure stable cluster assignments. The top 20 principal components were retained for Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) embedding based on elbow plot analysis. Harmony integration used default parameters (θ = 2 and λ = 1) with convergence assessed over 20 iterations. Doublet detection was performed using DoubletFinder (v2.0.3) with an estimated doublet rate of 4.0%; additionally, cells with &gt;40% ribosomal protein gene reads were excluded. Batch correction quality was validated using the Local Inverse Simpson's Index, Adjusted Rand Index, and silhouette coefficient metrics. Real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantified expression of four candidate RNT-relevant genes-MICA, MICB (NKG2D ligands; primary radionuclide targeting molecules), SUSD1 (immunosuppressive upregulator; potential RNT resistance mediator), and STAG3L1-in HeLa, SiHa, and normal HCerEpiC cell lines. Five independent biological replicates were performed per cell line, each with three technical replicates, following Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Shapiro-Wilk normality testing and Levene's test for homogeneity of variance were applied prior to all parametric analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cervical cancer scRNA-seq profiles revealed significantly depleted cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cells (mean difference: -0.12; 95% CI: [-0.16, -0.08]; Cohen's d = 1.45) and natural killer (NK) cells (Cohen's d = 1.12), with increased CD25+ regulatory T cells (+0.08; 95","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261458459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide Therapy Integrated Multimodal Transsylvian Microneurosurgical Management of Type 5 Insular and Paralimbic Gliomas for Precision Oncology.","authors":"Jinshan Wang, Jian Wang, Ao Zhu, Lingyi Lai, Bin Hu, Jia Yang","doi":"10.1177/10849785261458514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10849785261458514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 5 insular and paralimbic gliomas are surgically challenging because resection is limited by perforator-rich vascular anatomy and eloquent subcortical pathways, often leaving clinically relevant residual disease. We evaluated a precision-oncology workflow integrating multimodal preoperative planning, transsylvian microneurosurgical resection, and postoperative radionuclide-oriented stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 38 adults with type 5 insular and paralimbic gliomas treated through a transsylvian approach. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion tensor tractography, and vascular mapping were integrated to define operative corridors and safety boundaries. Early postoperative MRI was used to assess extent of resection, neurologic outcome, and residual-disease category, which was then linked to standard follow-up, radionuclide-oriented reassessment, or targeted radionuclide therapy candidacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gross total resection was achieved in 72% of patients, subtotal resection in 21%, and partial resection in 7%. No new neurologic deficit occurred in 80% of patients, transient deficits in 15%, and permanent deficits in 5%, yielding a neurologic preservation rate of 95%. Residual disease was categorized as no significant residual in 55%, surgically constrained residual in 30%, and biologically high-risk residual in 15%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This integrated workflow achieved high rates of maximal safe resection and neurologic preservation while providing a structured postoperative framework for biologically informed residual-disease assessment, radionuclide-oriented reassessment, and targeted radionuclide therapy candidate selection in surgically complex gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"10849785261458514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Gastric Cancer Management: Signaling Pathways, Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Rutvi Agrawal, Priyanka Jurel, Akash Garg, Bhupendra G Prajapati, Sumel Ashique","doi":"10.1177/10849785251408598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10849785251408598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide and represents a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of GC varies significantly across regions due to genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, dietary habits, and infectious agents, particularly <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Despite its high prevalence, GC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage because of nonspecific or absent early clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze the role of key molecular signaling pathways involved in gastric carcinogenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Current diagnostic tools, biomarkers, and treatment approaches-including conventional therapies, alternative systems of medicine, nanotechnology-based interventions, and ongoing clinical research-were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent molecular classifications have highlighted the critical involvement of signaling pathways such as EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, and related pathways in GC development and progression. The identification of biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells and ribonucleic acids, has improved diagnostic accuracy. Advances in targeted therapy and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated potential in enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gastric cancer remains a serious global health concern with limited survival outcomes despite advances in treatment. Improved understanding of molecular signaling pathways and biomarker-based diagnostics offers promising opportunities for early detection and targeted therapy. Continued research into innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches is essential for patients with gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"359-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanostructures Enhance Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery, Immunomodulation, Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy, and Cancer Theranostics.","authors":"Nikita Udaipuria, Sankha Bhattacharya, Tanvi Maheshwari, Dilpreet Singh","doi":"10.1177/10849785251408604","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10849785251408604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Graphene oxide (GO), a multifunctional two-dimensional nanomaterial, has gained significant attention in oncology due to its large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent biocompatibility. These properties enable innovative strategies for cancer treatment and detection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to summarize the diverse biomedical applications of GO, focusing on its role in targeted drug and gene delivery, immunomodulation, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and theranostic approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent preclinical studies and reports on GO-based nanostructures were critically analyzed to explore their physicochemical characteristics, functionalization strategies, and therapeutic performance. The review also evaluates translational aspects by assessing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and regulatory considerations related to GO systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GO exhibits abundant oxygen-rich functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl, facilitating high drug-loading efficiency and controlled release through pH- and redox-sensitive mechanisms. These properties enhance tumor-targeted drug delivery and minimize systemic toxicity. GO's photothermal conversion ability supports near-infrared-triggered therapy, achieving tumor size reductions up to 80% in preclinical models using photosensitizers like chlorin e6. Moreover, GO-based nanoplatforms augment cancer immunotherapy by modulating immune signaling, promoting antigen presentation, and stimulating cytokine secretion. Despite these advantages, clinical translation is limited by challenges such as dose-dependent cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, uncertain biodegradation, and lack of standardized synthesis. Variations in particle size, oxidation level, and surface functionalization lead to inconsistent biological outcomes, impeding regulatory approval and clinical progress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Theranostic platforms combining GO with agents such as doxorubicin and indocyanine green enable integrated chemotherapy, phototherapy, and imaging functionalities. Optimization of GO synthesis, surface modification, and large-scale production could enhance its safety and clinical viability. This review presents a multidisciplinary framework connecting GO nanomaterial design with translational oncology and categorizes GO-based hybrids such as GO polymer conjugates and metal nanocomposites to guide future design, mechanism elucidation, and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"390-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Analysis of Four Targeted Thorium Conjugates to Assess the ²²⁷Th and ²²³Ra Distribution and Tissue-Related Radiation.","authors":"Michael Block, Adriaan Cleton, Carsten Zieschang, Sandra Johanssen, Thorsten Poethko, Hartwig Hennekes, Christoph Niederalt","doi":"10.1177/10849785251408392","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10849785251408392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly being evaluated as potential cancer therapeutics. In this study, the authors evaluated the distribution of thorium-227 (²²⁷Th) and its first daughter nuclide, radium-223 (²²³Ra), by analyzing tissue activity data from monkey studies from different antibody-based targeted thorium conjugates (hereafter called \"conjugates\"). This study clarified the extent of elimination by physical decay and redistribution from tissues for both radionuclides.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In monkey biodistribution studies for four different conjugates, animals were sacrificed at multiple time points, and organ activities of ²²⁷Th and ²²³Ra were measured by direct γ counting. These values were compared to the maximally expected organ activities based on physical decay as the sole elimination path to evaluate the impact of redistribution from tissues. Whole-body activities in cancer patients, measured with high-purity germanium detectors during a first-in-human study of a CD22-targeting conjugate, were evaluated similarly to determine whether they aligned with the overall patterns seen in tissue data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The integrated analysis demonstrated that for all conjugates, the physical decay appeared to be the main elimination path for ²²⁷Th without a strong redistribution from organs, whereas ²²³Ra shows a fast and strong redistribution (≥90%) from most of the tissues except for bone (∼0%) and (large) intestine. The lack of redistribution from bone as well as the high radioactivity in the intestine is consistent with data obtained with ²²³Ra chloride in monkeys and humans. These findings were independent of the assessed compound, target, dose, and administered activity. The observation in monkeys that physical decay is the main elimination path for ²²⁷Th and that ²²³Ra undergoes a fast additional elimination in a typical tissue was consistent with clinical whole-body radioactivity data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overarching consistency of the findings regarding tissue redistribution of ²²⁷Th and ²²³Ra across different conjugates and the consistency with clinical observations of whole body radioactivity in patients emphasize the importance of considering the potential redistribution of long-lived daughter nuclides of radionuclides used in therapeutic applications in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Schrödinger's Cat Paradox: Can MAMMI PET with ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI Determine Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Omitting Surgery?","authors":"Melis Oflas, Duygu Has Simsek, Ravza Yilmaz, Neslihan Cabioglu, Semen Onder, Emine Goknur Isik, Zeynep Gozde Ozkan, Adnan Aydiner, Yasemin Sanli, Serkan Kuyumcu","doi":"10.1177/10849785251404410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10849785251404410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the utility of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT in combination with MAMMI PET for assessing pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study retrospectively reviewed patients with breast cancer who underwent NACT and had pre/post-therapy imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT, and ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI MAMMI PET. Radiological and histopathological findings before and after treatment were documented. Quantitative PET parameters were calculated, and the post-therapy diagnostic performance of PET imaging was assessed using ROC analysis. Threshold values for detecting residual tumor were calculated, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the breast and axilla.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty female patients were included. In visual assessment of residual tumor detection in the breast, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were as follows: 73%, 70%, and 71% for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT; 73%, 80%, and 76% for ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT; and 64%, 70%, and 67% for ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI MAMMI PET (all lesions); for detecting residual disease in the axilla, the metrics were: 33%, 91%, and 71% for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT; 50%, 100%, and 82% for ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT; and 50%, 70%, and 63% for MRI. In quantitative analysis, post-therapy ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI MAMMI PET tumor background rate (TBR) SUV_max was the only significant parameter in multivariate analysis, demonstrating 91% sensitivity, 80% specificity, and 86% accuracy at a threshold value of 1.35 for detecting residual tumor (<i>p =</i> 0.002; AUC: 0.900; 95% CI: 0.765-1.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The diagnostic performance of quantitative parameters derived from ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI PET/CT combined with MAMMI PET was superior to current diagnostic methods for determining pCR in the breast; however, the sensitivity in the axilla remains limited. Further research in larger patient groups should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":55277,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":"410-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}