Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of medical treatments for long-term control of normal tension glaucoma: A systematic review and model-based network meta-analysis","authors":"Ting-Kai Yang MD,&nbsp;Hou-Ting Kuo MD,&nbsp;Yuh-Jen Ju MD,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Chen MD,&nbsp;Wen-Hsien Chen MD,&nbsp;Albert Y. Wu MD,&nbsp;Chun-Ju Lin MD,&nbsp;Chien-Chang Lee MD, ScD,&nbsp;Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate and compare the long-term efficacy of medical treatments for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP), and establish a hierarchical ranking based on their effectiveness. ‘Long-term’ is defined as a treatment duration of over 12 weeks in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and model-based network meta-analysis (MBNMA) collected data of 795 patients with 997 eyes from RCTs. Patients with NTG were selected based on strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, with randomsation procedures and masking as reported in the individual trials. Eight different medications were compared, including prostaglandin analogues, beta-blockers, brimonidine, unoprostone isopropyl, brovincamine, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). Notably, PEA is an oral medication, while other drugs are topical agents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary outcome is the long-term efficacy of IOP control across medications with different follow-up durations. Among the eight medications, PEA demonstrates the highest efficacy (Surface under the cumulative ranking, SUCRA = 7.46%), followed by two prostaglandin analogues: travoprost (SUCRA = 6.86%) and latanoprost (SUCRA = 6.76%), then two beta-blockers: nipradilol (SUCRA = 4.90%) and timolol (SUCRA = 4.89%). Both brimonidine and unoprostone isopropyl have SUCRA scores below 4.0%, indicating modest but limited efficacy. Brovincamine has the lowest SUCRA score (1.32%), reflecting minimal effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed PEA as a promising agent for long-term IOP control in NTG patients, suggesting potential use as primary or adjunctive therapy. The outcomes call for PEA's consideration in clinical practice and highlight the need for further research into its long-term efficacy and safety for NTG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing Professional Development","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"52 7","pages":"788-790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial stewardship in ocular infections: Fourteen years of over-the-counter chloramphenicol in Australia","authors":"Christian P. Pappas MD,&nbsp;Maria Cabrera-Aguas MBBS, PhD,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Watson OAM, PhD, FRANZCO","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14385","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"52 7","pages":"701-703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia and systemic manifestation of tissue hyperlaxity: A population-based cross-sectional study","authors":"Idan Hecht MD,&nbsp;Itay Nitzan MD, MPH,&nbsp;Margarita Safir MD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14450","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14450","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether non-syndromic connective tissue hyperlaxity is associated with myopia is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between systemic signs of tissue hyperlaxity and myopia among adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Included were adolescents assessed before mandatory military service at the age of 16–18 years between 2011 and 2022. Diagnoses of hernias, pes planus, genu varus, genu valgum, and scoliosis, as well as joint injuries were used as surrogate markers for tissue hyperlaxity. The prevalence of these events among adolescents with myopia was evaluated and compared to the non-myopic population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Included were 920 806 adolescents. The mean age was 17.4 ± 1.4 years and 58.6% were men. Myopia was diagnosed in 290 759 adolescents (31.6%) and high myopia in 24 069 adolescents (2.6%). The prevalence of hernias was higher among adolescents with myopia, (2.76%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.69%–2.82% vs. 2.60%, 95% CI: 2.57%–2.65%), as were pes planus (14.92%, 95% CI: 14.79–15.05 vs. 13.51%, 95% CI: 13.42–13.59) and scoliosis (9.14%, 95% CI: 9.03–9.24 vs. 7.69%, 95%CI: 7.62–7.76). The prevalence of joint injuries was clinically similar between groups (less than 0.1% difference for ankle, shoulder, and knee injuries), as were genu varum and genu valgum (0.66%, 95%CI: 0.64%–0.69% vs. 0.68%, 95% CI: 0.66–0.70, respectively). Adjusted for possible confounders results remained consistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among a large sample of Israeli adolescents, those with myopia had a higher prevalence of hernias, pes planus, and scoliosis. These results could suggest a propensity for systemic conditions related to tissue laxity among myopic adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastasis-free survival of uveal melanoma by tumour size category based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification in 1001 cases","authors":"Rolika Bansal MD,&nbsp;Hidayet Sener MD,&nbsp;Arupa Ganguly PhD,&nbsp;Jerry A. Shields MD,&nbsp;Carol L. Shields MD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Uveal melanoma (UM) can be classified by tumour size category and by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) groups (cytogenetic-based, 4-category prognostic classification into Groups A-D). This study was conducted to assess impact on metastasis-free survival (MFS) in UM by tumour size category based on correlation with TCGA classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective analysis of 1001 cases categorised as small (0.0–3.0 mm), medium (3.1–8.0 mm) and large (≥8.1 mm), grouped by TCGA classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 1001 cases, TCGA Groups (A/B/C/D) included small (<i>n</i> = 270, 75%/11%/13%/1%), medium (<i>n</i> = 503, 46%/14%/27%/13%) and large (<i>n</i> = 228, 23%/19%/38%/20%) UM. The 5-and 10-year Kaplan–Meier MFS for small UM revealed Group A (98%, 98%), Group B (100%, 100%), Group C (86%, NA) and Group D (100%, NA). For medium UM, the values dropped with Group A (95%, 93%), Group B (90%, 90%), Group C (68%, 38%), and Group D (44%, NA). For large UM, the values dropped further with Group A (94%, 86%), Group B (85%, NA), Group C (40%, 28%), and Group D (23%, NA). Additionally, a comparison (small vs. medium vs. large tumour size category) revealed TCGA low-risk grouping (Groups A or B) in 86% vs. 60% vs. 58% cases with UM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By tumour size category, favourable cytogenetics (Groups A or B) is found in 86% of small tumours, 60% of medium tumours, and 58% of large tumours. The MFS at 10 years for favourable cytogenetics was 98% for small tumours, 92% for medium tumours, and 54% for large tumours. Tumour size category can serve as a surrogate for TCGA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 2","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of visual abnormalities detected through paediatric vision screening in Queensland, Australia","authors":"Ye Li MBChB,&nbsp;Shelley Duffy BNurs,&nbsp;Sagen Wilks BNurs,&nbsp;Rachel Keel BNurs,&nbsp;Rachael Beswick PhD,&nbsp;Shuan Dai FRANZCO","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vision screening programs can provide epidemiological information regarding visual impairment in children. This study aims to report the characteristics of visual abnormalities diagnosed through the Primary School Nurse Health Readiness Program (PSNHRP) in Queensland, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review of vision screening records from the PSNHRP between January 2017 and December 2020 was undertaken. Children aged between 4 and 7 who underwent vision screening were included for review. Children with a visual acuity of worse than 6/9–1 using the Parr 4 m letter-matching chart or those who failed the SPOT Vision Screener were referred to an optometrist or ophthalmologist for review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>164 890 children underwent vision screening. 12148 children failed visual screening (7.4%) and were referred for an eye assessment. 6011 (69.4%) of the 8659 children who attended ophthalmic review had a confirmed visual abnormality. Of 164 890 screened children, 1187 (0.72%) were confirmed to have anisometropia, 3843 (2.33%) had refractive error, 194 (0.12%) had strabismus, 755 (0.46%) had anisometropic amblyopia, 136 (0.08%) had strabismic amblyopia, and 1356 (0.82%) had an unspecific abnormality. There was no statistically significant difference in the age at screening between any visual abnormality (<i>p</i> = 0.94). Anisometropia, refractive error, and strabismus were significantly more common in females than males (<i>p</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, and <i>p</i> = 0.03 respectively), whereas anisometropic amblyopia was more common in males (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report the prevalence of visual abnormalities detected through the PSNHRP vision screening program. Identification of medical or socioeconomic risk factors that are likely to be associated with visual abnormalities can help to optimise vision screening programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ceo.14448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivation of stable neovascular age-related macular degeneration following treat-and-extend regimen discontinuation","authors":"Jose Carlo M. Artiaga MD, FICO,&nbsp;Shiao Wei Wong FRCOphth,&nbsp;Deepthy Menon MBBS,&nbsp;Swetha Kumar DO, DNB,&nbsp;Pankaja Dhoble MBBS, MS,&nbsp;Sridevi Thottarath MBBS,&nbsp;Luke Nicholson MD(Res), FRCOphth","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14444","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14444","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the incidence and pattern of reactivation of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) following successful treatment with treat-and-extend intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consecutive patients with treated nAMD who did not require further treatment over a 6-month period and who attended their 3-monthly optical coherence tomography monitoring clinic in Moorfields Eye Hospital from 1 November 2019 to 31 January 2020 were included. Patients with diagnoses of macular neovascularization other than AMD, and patients with incomplete data were excluded. Baseline demographics recorded were age, sex, race, laterality, cause of macular neovascularization, drug, number of injections, and duration of treatment. Date, setting, symptoms, and time to retreatment were collected among patients with disease reactivation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical records of 286 patients were included. Most patients were female (64.3%), white (68.18%), and were receiving aflibercept monotherapy (55.2%). Mean number of injections at baseline was 17.79 ± 11.74 (range 3–62) with a mean treatment duration of 39.47 ± 30.68 months (range 2–139). Reactivation of AMD was identified in 32.2% of cases with 87% of recurrences identified via scheduled visit. The most common symptom was blurring of vision in 44.6%, while 39.1% were asymptomatic. Mean time from baseline to retreatment was 29.37 ± 22.40 months (range 5–104), with 20.7%, 73.9% and 88.04% of these patients requiring retreatment within 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite prior treatment with no reactivation in 6 months, 32.2% reactivate, 73.9% of which within 3 years. A significant proportion, 39.1%, reactivated without symptoms necessitating regular monitoring in the first 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retinal endothelial cell barrier is disrupted by direct contact with retinal Müller glial cells in vitro","authors":"Cameron D. Haydinger PhD,&nbsp;Yuefang Ma PhD,&nbsp;Justine R. Smith FRANZCO, PhD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14442","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on diabetic retinopathy: A meta-analysis of clinical studies emphasising retinal changes as a primary outcome","authors":"Ishani Kapoor BS,&nbsp;Swara M. Sarvepalli MS, MD,&nbsp;David A. D'Alessio MD,&nbsp;Majda Hadziahmetovic MD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14445","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine if glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to February 2024 to identify clinical studies reporting the development of and changes in DR as the primary outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes taking GLP-1RA, insulin, or oral antidiabetic medication (OAD). Two researchers independently completed the search and referred to a third as necessary. Data for meta-analysis was pooled using a random-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of seven studies representing 242 537 patients showed a significantly decreased risk of incidence of DR between GLP-1RA and insulin use (RR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.48, 0.91), <i>p</i> = 0.01). There was no difference in the risk of DR complications (e.g., vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, or requiring treatment with intravitreal injections, lasers, vitrectomy). Between GLP-1RA and OAD use, there was no difference in the risk of incidence of DR, while there was a significantly increased risk of DR complications (RR = 1.39, 95% CI (1.07, 1.80), <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate no elevated risk of incidence of DR linked to GLP-1RA compared to insulin. In fact, GLP-1RA may offer potential advantages over insulin regarding the overall incidence of DR. The increased risk of DR requiring treatment and associated complications in the GLP-1RA group compared to OAD may be due to the transient progression of DR associated with a rapid decrease in HbA1c – a phenomenon not specific to GLP-1RA and warrants further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"53 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the uncertain causal link between gut microbiota and glaucoma: A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation study","authors":"Jiayong Li MD,&nbsp;Xin Ma MD,&nbsp;Kaichen Zhuo MD,&nbsp;Yuxian He MD,&nbsp;Mingkai Lin MD, PhD,&nbsp;Wei Wang MD, PhD,&nbsp;Shicheng Guo PhD,&nbsp;Chao Tang PhD,&nbsp;Xu Zhang MD,&nbsp;Xinbo Gao MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/ceo.14440","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ceo.14440","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness, and gut microbiota (GM) is associated with glaucoma. Whether this association represents a causal role remains unknown. This study aims to assess the potential association and causal link between GM and various forms of glaucoma, emphasising the need for cautious interpretation of the strength of these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Employing a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) framework with false discovery rate correction and various sensitivity analyses, supplemented by genetic correlation analysis via linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and colocalisation for European summary-level data between MiBioGen consortium and FinnGen Study, we sought to explore the relationship between GM and glaucoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While certain microbial taxa showed potential associations with glaucoma subtypes (e.g., <i>Erysipelotrichaceae</i> with primary angle closure glaucoma, <i>Senegalimassilia</i> with exfoliation glaucoma), the overall findings suggest a complex and not definitively causal relationship between GM and glaucoma. Notably, reverse MR analysis did not establish a significant causal effect of glaucoma on GM composition, and no consistent genetic correlations were observed between GM and glaucoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While our study provides some evidence of associations between specific GM taxa and glaucoma, the results underscore the complexity of these relationships and the need for further research to clarify the potential causal links. The findings highlight the importance of interpreting the gut-eye axis with caution and suggest that while GM may play a role in glaucoma, it is unlikely to be a predominant causal factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55253,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":"52 9","pages":"945-956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}