Clinical Neuropsychologist最新文献

{"title":"Relationship of subjective and objective cognition with post-stroke mood differs between early and long-term stroke.","authors":"Andrea Kusec, Nele Demeyere","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2417865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2417865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Depression and anxiety affects approximately 1 in 3 stroke survivors. Performance on standardized objective cognitive tests and self-reported subjective cognitive symptoms are associated with concurrent depression and anxiety, but longitudinal data on whether and how objective and subjective cognition relate to emotional outcomes are lacking. <b>Method:</b> <i>N</i><b> </b><i>=</i> 99 stroke survivors (<i>M</i> age = 68.9, <i>SD</i> = 13.1; Median NIH Stroke Severity = 5) completed measures of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), objective cognition (Oxford Cognitive Screen) and subjective cognitive symptoms (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) at 6-months, 4.5, and 5.5 years post-stroke. The contribution of objective and subjective cognition to depression and anxiety was determined <i>via</i> mixed-effects models. <b>Results:</b> We found no evidence that age, stroke severity, years of education, and participant sex related to changes in HADS-Depression or HADS-Anxiety scores (Marginal <i>R</i>²=0.03 and 0.05, respectively). Objective cognitive impairments at 6-months and increases in subjective cognitive symptoms at 5.5 years significantly related to increased HADS-Depression scores (Marginal <i>R</i>²=0.22). Only increases in subjective cognitive symptoms at 5.5 years significantly related to increased HADS-Anxiety scores (Marginal <i>R</i>²=0.20). When conducting models in reverse, HADS-Depression and HADS-Anxiety scores did not reciprocally explain changes in subjective cognitive symptoms. <b>Conclusions:</b> Objective cognitive abilities are more strongly associated with depression at 6-months post-stroke, while subjective cognitive symptoms are more relevant to both long-term post-stroke depression and anxiety. There may be a unique unidirectional influence of subjective cognitive symptoms to post-stroke depression and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New2Neuropsychology (N2N): An organization to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in neuropsychology.","authors":"Taylor Rose Schmitt, Ryan Van Patten, Libby A DesRuisseaux, Milena Yurievna Gotra, Kelsey C Hewitt, Jennifer Peraza, Alexander Tan, Kristen L Votruba, John A Bellone, Cady Block, Leah D Talbert, Courtney Ray, Erin T Kaseda, Ronnise Owens, Michelle Nicole Martinez, Carol C Persad, Anthony Y Stringer","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2417860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2417860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To introduce New2Neuropsychology (N2N), an organization that seeks to increase recruitment of historically underrepresented minoritized (URM) students, and to examine preliminary data on N2N's impact and effectiveness in increasing knowledge about neuropsychology for URM students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This paper reviews relevant literature on factors informing the development of N2N. We also present descriptive data on N2N's impact to date, and results of pre- and post- surveys for presentations about neuropsychology delivered to 90 college students (mean age = 24.23, 64.4% juniors or seniors) between November 2021 - March 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>N2N has reached >500 students in events across 27 schools and, with the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, disseminated $84,000 in scholarships to URM students. N2N presentation attendees reported increased understanding of neuropsychology and the training pathway (<i>p</i>s < .001, Cohen's <i>d</i>s = 0.94 - 1.73) and increased confidence in their ability to become neuropsychologists <i>(p < .</i>001, <i>d</i> = 0.41). There were no overall pre-post differences for interest in pursuing a career in neuropsychology (<i>p</i> > .05); however, a subset of students who reported low interest at baseline (<i>n =</i> 57) reported a statistically significant increase in their interest post-presentation (<i>p</i> < .01, <i>d</i> = 0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To date, N2N has progressed toward its goal, showing preliminary success increasing knowledge about neuropsychology for URM students. With continued development and support, N2N seeks to transform the pathway to neuropsychology for URM students, expanding accessibility of N2N resources across diverse groups and connecting URM students to neuropsychology research and clinical experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an individual cognitive stimulation intervention on global cognition, memory, and executive function in older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Susana I Justo-Henriques, Enrique Pérez-Sáez, Janessa O Carvalho, Raquel Lemos, Óscar Ribeiro","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2416568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2416568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the efficacy of a 12-week individual cognitive stimulation (iCS) intervention on global cognition, memory, and executive function of older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Protocolized analysis using data from a multicenter, single-blind, randomized, parallel two-arm RCT of iCS for older adults with probable AD. A sample of 142 people with probable Alzheimer's disease attending 13 Portuguese institutions providing care and support services for older adults were selected. Intervention group (<i>n</i> = 72) received 24 iCS sessions, twice a week for 12 weeks. Control group (<i>n</i> = 70) maintained their activities as usual. Outcomes included global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale), memory (Memory Alteration Test, and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test), and executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery). All participants were assessed at baseline (T0), after the intervention (T1), and 12 weeks follow-up (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant improvements in memory performance at follow-up for the intervention group and greater stability in global cognition in the intervention relative to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current iCS protocol shows effectiveness in cognitive functioning in older adults with probable AD, particularly for memory upon completion of the intervention and at follow-up, adding further support to previous iCS studies showing similar results and to the effectiveness of the current intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining whether false positive rates increase with performance validity test battery expansion.","authors":"Robert J Kanser, Martin L Rohling, Jeremy J Davis","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2416543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2416543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Performance validity test (PVT) misclassification is an important concern for neuropsychologists. The present study determined whether expanding PVT analysis from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs could lead to elevated rates of false positive performance validity misclassifications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective analysis of 443 patients who underwent a fixed neuropsychological test battery in a mixed clinical and forensic setting. Rates of failing two PVTs were compared to those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations when PVT analysis extended from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs. Indeterminate performers (IDT; <i>n =</i> 42; those who failed two PVTs only after PVT analysis extended from 4-PVTs to 8-PVTs) were compared to a PVT-Fail group (<i>n</i> = 148; those who failed two PVTs in the 4-PVT battery or failed >2 PVTs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rate of failing two PVTs remained stable when PVT analysis extended from 4- to 8-PVTs (12.9 to 11.9%) and was significantly lower than those predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. Compared to PVT-Fail, the IDT group was significantly younger, had stronger neuropsychological test performance, and demonstrated comparable rates of forensic referral and conditions with known neurocognitive sequelae (e.g. stroke, moderate-to-severe TBI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Monte Carlo simulations significantly overestimated rates of individuals failing two PVTs as PVT battery length doubled. IDT did not differ from PVT-Fail across variables with known PVT effects (e.g. age, referral context, neurologic diagnoses), lowering concern that this group is comprised entirely of false-positive PVT classifications. More research is needed to determine the effect of PVT battery length on validity classification accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between cognition and mental health in intersex participants in the UK Biobank study.","authors":"Andrew E Reineberg, Kristen L Eckstrand, Jason D Flatt","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2414478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2414478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The physical and mental health of intersex individuals is woefully understudied. A recent survey of intersex individuals found high rates of self-reported cognitive issues such as difficulty remembering and concentrating as well as high rates of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. <b>Method:</b> The current study explores whether cognitive differences are observed between 353 intersex and over 400,000 non-intersex people using a latent model of cognitive tasks derived from measures in the UK (United Kingdom) Biobank study. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences in intelligence between intersex people and non-intersex people. We found significantly lower executive function and processing speed in intersex individuals versus non-intersex individuals. However, after accounting for mental health differences <i>via</i> regression and case-control matching, there were no significant differences in executive function or processing speed between intersex individuals and non-intersex individuals. <b>Conclusion:</b> Mental health differences between intersex and non-intersex individuals may account for differences in cognitive factor scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distortion errors characterise visuo-constructive performance in Huntington's disease.","authors":"Angelica Di Cecca, Ciro Rosario Ilardi, Flavio Della Pia, Chiara Criscuolo, Sergio Della Sala, Elena Salvatore","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Visuospatial deficits have been extensively studied in Huntington's disease (HD), particularly in relation to visuomotor integration, with less emphasis on visuo-constructive abilities. Quantitative analyses have demonstrated that individuals with HD perform worse than healthy controls (HC) but similarly to people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of visuo-constructive abilities in both HD and AD. By employing both simple and complex tasks, we hypothesized that a qualitative analysis of performance would reveal a distinct pattern of errors specific to HD. <b>Methods:</b> Participants for this study were identified retrospectively. The sample included 41 individuals with HD, 25 with AD, and 35 HC. All participants underwent a neuropsychological battery, which included the Constructional Apraxia Test (CAT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test. <b>Results:</b> Our results showed no significant quantitative difference in visuo-constructive performance between the two patient groups. However, distinct qualitative patterns of drawing errors emerged. Simplifications were more frequent in the AD group, while distortions were distinctive errors in the HD group. These qualitative error patterns were consistent across both the CAT and ROCF. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study emphasises the value of qualitative analysis in interpreting visuo-constructive performance, shifting the focus from \"how much\" a participant achieves to \"how\" they perform a neuropsychological task. This qualitative approach is useful to capture the complexity and variability of individual performance, providing deeper insight into the cognitive processes affected by different neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing embedded performance validity indicators within the WAIS-IV Letter-Number sequencing subtest to Reliable Digit Span among adults referred for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Violeta J Rodriguez, Brian M Cerny, Fini Chang, Julia M Brooks, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS). <b>Method:</b> This cross-sectional study comprised 543 adults who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into valid (<i>n</i> = 480) and invalid (<i>n</i> = 63) groups based on multiple criterion performance validity tests. <b>Results:</b> LNS total raw scores, age-corrected scaled scores, and age- and education-corrected T-scores demonstrated excellent classification accuracy (area under the curve of .84, .83, and .82, respectively). The optimal cutoff for LNS raw score (≤16), age-corrected scaled score (≤7), and age- and education-corrected T-score (≤36) yielded .51 sensitivity and .94 specificity. Slightly lower sensitivity (.40) and higher specificity (.98) was associated with a more conservative T-score cutoff of ≤33. Multivariate models incorporating both LNS and RDS improved classification accuracy (area under the curve of .86), and LNS scores explained a significant but modest proportion of variance in validity status above and beyond RDS. Chaining LNS T-score of ≤33 with RDS cutoff of ≤7 increased sensitivity to .69 while maintaining ≥.90 specificity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings provide preliminary evidence for the criterion and construct validity of LNS as an embedded validity indicator in ADHD evaluations. Practitioners are encouraged to use LNS T-score cutoff of ≤33 or ≤36 to assess the validity of obtained test data. Employing either of these LNS cutoffs with RDS may enhance the detection of invalid performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2399397","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2399397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of brief symptom inventory-18 (BSI-18) scores in collegiate athletes: A CARE Consortium study.","authors":"Thomas W McAllister, Rachel Kenny, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Jody Harland, Michael A McCrea, Paul Pasquina, Steven P Broglio","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: The goal of this study was to characterize normative scores for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) in collegiate athletes to inform decision making about the need for psychological health services in this group. <b>Methods</b>: Collegiate student-athletes (<i>N</i> = 20,034) from 25 universities completed the BSI-18 at their preseason baseline assessment. A subgroup (<i>n</i> = 5,387) underwent multiple baseline assessments. Global Severity Index (GSI) scores were compared to community norms and across multiple timepoints. <b>Results</b>: Collegiate athletes reported significantly lower GSI scores than published community norms (<i>p</i><.001). Published GSI threshold scores for \"caseness\", identified only 2 per 100 athletes (≥ the 98th percentile) as needing further evaluation. Using a GSI score ≥ than the cohort's 90th percentile, 11.4 per 100 athletes would merit additional evaluation. These individuals were more likely to report a history of psychiatric diagnosis (Odds ratio [95% CI] 2.745 [2.480, 3.039]), as well as ≥ 2 prior concussions (<i>p</i><.001). GSI scores were not highly correlated across timepoints. Suicidal ideation was rare (<i>n</i> = 230; 1.15%). <b>Conclusions</b>: For collegiate student-athletes, published BSI-18 threshold scores identify only extreme outliers who might benefit from additional behavioral health evaluation. Alternatively, use of threshold scores ≥ the 90th percentile identifies a more realistic 11.4% of the population, with higher likelihood of prior concussion and/or psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norms, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and practice effects for verbal fluency overall performance, clustering, and switching in Spanish-speaking children.","authors":"Vanessa Arán Filippetti, Marisel Gutierrez, Gabriela Krumm","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2315729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted two empirical studies (in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design) with the aim at establishing normative data (including norms for strategy use [i.e., clustering and switching strategies] and performance over time), and examining the convergent validity, the test-retest reliability (3-4 wks interval) and the changes in performance with practice (1 year interval) of the different verbal fluency (VF) quantitative and qualitative scores in Spanish-speaking children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In S1 (<i>n</i> = 620 6- to 15-year-old Spanish-speaking children and adolescents), MANCOVA and Pearson's correlations were employed. In S2 (<i>n</i> = 148 6- to 12-year-old Spanish-speaking children), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired <i>t</i>-tests, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1 results showed an age effect on all VF measures (quantitative and qualitative). The number of switches/clusters was more related to total word productivity and to executive functions (EF) than the mean cluster size. In S2, a significant increase in phonological VF performance was observed on number of switches and word productivity scores from baseline (Time 1) to repeat testing at Time 2. Practice effects were observed at Time 3 on all measures except for semantic and phonological mean cluster size. Test-retest reliability coefficients at Time 2 for number of clusters and switches, but not for mean cluster size, fell in the moderate range, ranging from ICCs .61 to ICCs .81. Test-retest reliability coefficients for total word productivity were higher (ICCs above .80) and stronger when testing as a unity with CFA methods (ϕ=.94, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data may be relevant for informing the neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous cognitive flexibility in children with typical development (TD) and those with developmental or acquired disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}