Clinical Respiratory Journal最新文献

{"title":"Ruxolitinib for Emergency Treatment of COVID-19–Associated Cytokine Storm: Findings From an Expanded Access Study","authors":"Jeffrey Weinstein,&nbsp;Nikhil Jagan,&nbsp;Shawnta Lorthridge-Jackson,&nbsp;J. E. Hamer-Maansson,&nbsp;Peg Squier","doi":"10.1111/crj.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This expanded access program (EAP) provided ruxolitinib (oral, selective Janus kinase [JAK]1/JAK2 inhibitor) for emergency treatment of COVID-19–associated cytokine storm in patients eligible for hospitalization (NCT04355793).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients received ruxolitinib 5 mg twice daily (preferred regimen when tolerated) or once daily for ≤ 14 days, or until determination of no clinical benefit was made. Outcomes were clinical status, physician-assessed clinical benefit, and serious adverse event (SAE) incidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 312 patients, 45.5% achieved ≥ 1-point clinical status improvement. Physician-assessed clinical benefit was reported in 42.6% of evaluable patients. SAEs occurred in 42.9%, with 2.6% experiencing an SAE suspected to be ruxolitinib related.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, some hospitalized patients with COVID-19–associated cytokine storm who received ruxolitinib experienced clinical status improvement; ruxolitinib was well tolerated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04355793</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape of T Cells in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion","authors":"Lihui Zou,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Li Xie,&nbsp;Lili Zhang,&nbsp;Li Wan,&nbsp;Weimin Li,&nbsp;Hongtao Xu","doi":"10.1111/crj.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The distribution and the function of T lymphocyte subsets in pleural effusion (PE) and peripheral blood (PB) in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) patients remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of T lymphocyte subsets in TPE patients, especially the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets at the single cell level. The CD3⁺ T cells were isolated from PE and PB of four TPE patients for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to screen T cell subsets. T-SNE projection, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), and pseudotime analysis were performed to analyze the composition, molecular and functional properties, and developmental trajectories of T cell subsets. Finally, ELISA was carried out to identify the cytokines secreted by PE and PB. We found that CD4⁺CD8⁻ T lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, and FOXP3⁺ Treg cells) were preferentially enriched in PE. The proportion of exhausted CD4⁻CD8⁺ cells in PE was higher than that in PB, while the proportion of initial and effector CD4⁻CD8⁺ cells was quite the reverse. We also found a large number of unexpected double positive (DP) cells in PE and PB, among which the proportion of CD4⁺CD8⁺-C10-CCL3 cells was the most different between PE and PB. Meanwhile, CD4⁺CD8⁺-C10-CCL3 was the group with the largest number of interactions with other groups. CD4⁻CD8⁻ cells were mainly found in PE and may be involved in the immunomodulatory effect of PE. Furthermore, the concentrations of cytokines secreted by Th1, Th2, and Treg in PE were higher than those in PB. Our study is helpful to understand the distribution pattern and dynamic changes of T cells in PE and PB of TPE patients and further understand that the functional status and regulation of T cells will be crucial for the successful development of TPE immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological Features and Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","authors":"Shuai Shao,&nbsp;Siyu Cao,&nbsp;Yusha Chen,&nbsp;Zhijin Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Zhaohui","doi":"10.1111/crj.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to summarize the similarities and differences in immune cell characteristics, and potential therapeutic targets between systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included SSc-ILD and SSc-nonILD patients who were admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between April 4th, 2013, to June 30th, 2023. Publicly available datasets, including peripheral blood monocular cell (pbmc) single-cell data, SSc, SSc-ILD pbmc transcriptome data, and SSc-ILD, IPF lung tissue transcriptome data were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and R software, employing standard statistical methods and bioinformatics packages such as Seurat, DESeq2, enrichR, and CellChat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio of pbmc in SSc-ILD patients was significantly higher than in SSc-nonILD patients. In IPF patients, an elevated CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio was also observed in progressive group, and Treg and mature CD4+ T cells might cause this change. JAK–STAT pathway and the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway were activated in peripheral blood T cells of IPF patients. The CD30, CD40, and FLT3 signaling pathways were found to play crucial roles in T cell interactions with other immune cells among IPF patients. SPA17 as a commonly upregulated gene among SSc, SSc-ILD, and IPF pbmc and lung, with its expression correlating positively with disease severity and lung function progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio might associate with ILD initiation and progression; Treg cells and mature CD4+ T cells play key roles of it. SPA17 might serve as a pan-ILD marker and associated with lung function progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of Admission Eosinophil Count and Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Elderly Patients With COPD: A Territory-Wide Cohort Study","authors":"Wang Chun Kwok,&nbsp;Yat Fung Shea,&nbsp;James Chung Man Ho,&nbsp;David Chi Leung Lam,&nbsp;Terence Chi Chun Tam,&nbsp;Anthony Raymond Tam,&nbsp;Mary Sau Man Ip,&nbsp;Ivan Fan Ngai Hung","doi":"10.1111/crj.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the association between elderly patients with COPD with different blood eosinophil on admission and those without COPD and the prognosis of COVID-19.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A territory-wide retrospective study was conducted to investigate the association between elderly COPD patients with different blood eosinophil on admission and the prognosis of COVID-19. Elderly patients admitted to public hospitals and community treatment facility in Hong Kong for COVID-19 from January 23, 2020, to September 31, 2021, were included in the study. Severe diseases were defined as those who develop respiratory complications, systemic complications and death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 1925 patients included, 133 had COPD. Forty had admission blood eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/μL, and 93 had blood eosinophil count &lt; 150 cells/μL. Patients with COPD and admission blood eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/μL, but not those with admission blood eosinophil count &lt; 150 cells/μL, had severe COVID-19 with the development of respiratory and systemic complications. They were more likely to develop respiratory failure (OR = 5.235, 95% CI = 2.088–13.122, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and require invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.433, 95% CI = 1.022–5.791, <i>p</i> = 0.045) and intensive care unit admission (OR = 2.214, 95% CI = 1.004–4.881, <i>p</i> = 0.049).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggested that the blood eosinophil count on admission could have significant prognostic implications among elderly patients with COPD. Patients with COPD and admission blood eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/μL, but not those with admission blood eosinophil count &lt; 150 cells/μL, have significantly increased risks of developing respiratory and systemic complications from COVID-19, when compared with non-COPD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Implementation of Mechanical Prophylaxis Procedures for Deep Venous Thrombosis in ICU in Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Na Li,&nbsp;Zhihong Tang,&nbsp;Yongming Tian,&nbsp;Xia Li","doi":"10.1111/crj.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/crj.70069","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For ICU patients at high risk of bleeding or those already bleeding, it is recommended to use mechanical prophylaxis methods such as intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), graduated compression stockings (GCS), or a venous foot pump (VFP).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This work aims to examine the implementation of mechanical prophylaxis measures for DVT in ICUs in Southwest China and provide a foundation for improving their adoption and effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this study, a questionnaire developed by the researchers, based on existing literature, was used as the data collection tool. Following ethical approval, data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from 780 ICU nurses across 124 ICUs in Southwest China, between August and December 2022. Of these, 67.7% (84/124) were from Grade III hospitals, and 32.3% (40/124) were from Grade II hospitals. Additionally, 66.5% (519/780) of nurses had received training on DVT prophylaxis knowledge, whereas 33.5% (261/780) had not. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21.0, with descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests applied for analysis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Statistically significant differences were observed among hospitals of different grades in several aspects, including the professional management team, dynamic assessments, risk assessment records, bedside warning signs, and implement sign-in communication for high-risk patients (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Statistically significant differences were also found between nurses who had received training on DVT prevention and those who had not, in terms of excluding related contraindications, conducting monthly inspections and preventive maintenance, having a specially assigned person for management, and providing clear precautions (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). All ICUs were equipped with at least one type of mechanical prophylaxis equipment, but the proportion and duration of equipment use varied between hospitals. The top three factors hindering the implementation of mechanical prophylaxis were insufficient equipment, inadequate human resources, and failure to reset equipment in a timely manner after disuse.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Hospital grade, DVT prevention training, resource allocation for mechanical prophylaxis, and the im","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Laboratory Methods in Diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in 3012 Sputum Samples","authors":"Qian Wu,&nbsp;Yelei Zhu,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liu,&nbsp;Mingwu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiazhen Chen,&nbsp;Beibei Wu","doi":"10.1111/crj.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tuberculosis is a global public health threat as an infectious disease, and effective blocking of transmission relies on timely diagnosis. Although a number of laboratory tests are available in diagnosing <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), it is still of great need to evaluate their diagnostic value in clinical samples. In this study, we evaluated five MTB diagnostic methods (including conventional sputum smear microscopy, sandwich cup sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture, Xpert-MTB/RIF, and CapitalBio TB/NTM kit detection test) in 3012 sputum specimens and compared their diagnostic performance of the single and combined tests. In the diagnosis of MTB, the Xpert-MTB/RIF had the highest sensitivity, 79.6% (0.770–0.819), among all the single diagnostic methods, and the combination of CapitalBio TB/NTM kit and culture approach significantly increased sensitivity to 88.4% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the diagnosis of NTM, the culture method has higher sensitivity (85.7%) compared with the Capital Bio TB/NTM kit method (45.7%). In the diagnosis of mycobacteria, the CapitalBio TB/NTM kit detection test has the highest sensitivity (77.1%) and combined with conventional sputum smear and culture significantly increased the sensitivity further to 84.2%. In conclusion, Xpert-MTB/RIF is a sensitive, rapid, and reliable method for TB detection in sputum samples, and other diagnostic methods including culture are still of great clinical values for improving the sensitivity of MTB diagnosis. The sensitivity of CapitalBio TB/NTM kit in diagnosing NTM is still insufficient in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Radiological and Pathological Findings by ANCA-Subtype in ANCA-Positive Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias","authors":"Tetsuro Sawata,&nbsp;Susumu Sakamoto,&nbsp;Yusuke Usui,&nbsp;Aika Suzuki,&nbsp;Hideya Kitamura,&nbsp;Tae Iwasawa,&nbsp;Shoichiro Matsushita,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Terasaki,&nbsp;Shinobu Kunugi,&nbsp;Kazuma Kishi,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Fujisawa,&nbsp;Takafumi Suda,&nbsp;Sakae Homma","doi":"10.1111/crj.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) seropositivity strongly correlates to ANCA-associated vasculitis. Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) without systemic vasculitis are sometimes ANCA-positive. Radiological and pathological differences between patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-positive and those with proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA-positive IIPs remain unclear. To determine whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features and pathology findings differ by ANCA subtype in ANCA-positive IIP patients in a national database. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were examined along with a web-based multidisciplinary discussion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed records of 10 MPO-ANCA-positive and 9 PR3-ANCA-positive IIP patients who underwent HRCT and surgical lung biopsy between April 2009 and March 2014. Pulmonologists, chest radiologists, and pathologists evaluated HRCT scans and pathological findings independently. Patterns were classified using ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2011 guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HRCT patterns were definite usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (<i>n</i> = 8; 42.1%), possible UIP (<i>n</i> = 6; 31.6%), and inconsistent with UIP (<i>n</i> = 5; 26.3%). Pathological patterns were definite UIP (n = 5; 26.3%), probable UIP (n = 8; 42.1%), possible UIP (<i>n</i> = 4; 21.1%), and not UIP (<i>n</i> = 2; 10.5%). HRCT and pathological patterns did not differ between MPO-ANCA-positive and PR3-ANCA-positive IIPs. Radiological features were reticulation (<i>n</i> = 13; 68.4%), nodules (<i>n</i> = 12; 63.1%), honeycombing (<i>n</i> = 10; 52.6%), and increased attenuation around honeycombing (<i>n</i> = 7; 36.8%). Pathological findings were cysts (<i>n</i> = 12; 63.1%), lymphoid follicles with germinal centers (<i>n</i> = 11; 57.9%), and peribronchiolar wall lymphocytic infiltration (<i>n</i> = 11; 57.9%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HRCT and pathological patterns did not differ between MPO-ANCA-positive and PR3-ANCA-positive IIPs. This absence of significant differences suggests a similar mechanism underlying both types of interstitial pneumonia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psittacosis Outbreak in Europe: A Concern for Public Health","authors":"Salomon Izere,&nbsp;Hope Intwari Munyaneza,&nbsp;Faisal Ahmed","doi":"10.1111/crj.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70068","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever or ornithosis, is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease caused by &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia psittaci&lt;/i&gt;, an obligatory intracellular organism [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The infection is primarily transmitted through contact with infected avian species, leading to a diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations and severity. &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia psittaci&lt;/i&gt; predominantly resides in birds, particularly those within the Psittaciformes order, which includes species such as parakeets, parrots, lorikeets, cockatoos, and budgerigars, as well as birds from the Galliformes order, including chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. Notably, any bird species can potentially harbor the disease [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The primary risk factor for transmission to humans involves direct contact with infected birds or inhalation of aerosolized pathogens resulting from their urine, feces, respiratory secretions, and ocular exudates (Figure 1) [&lt;span&gt;3-5&lt;/span&gt;]. Although there are occasional reports of human-to-human transmission, such occurrences are considered rare. Additionally, humans may contract psittacosis through exposure to &lt;i&gt;C. psittaci&lt;/i&gt; present in aborted products from equine sources, thus underlining the significance of a One Health approach to understanding the disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Symptoms of psittacosis can vary from mild to severe, with complications such as pneumonia occurring frequently and posing a risk of fatality, as evidenced by recent outbreaks documented in Europe [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. Typically, symptoms manifest within a timeframe of 5 to 14 days following exposure to the pathogen. The management of psittacosis-related pneumonia necessitates the use of antimicrobial drugs, particularly as pulmonary involvement is prevalent at the time of diagnosis. Currently, antibiotics such as tetracyclines and chloramphenicol are the preferred therapeutic agents. Most patients respond favorably to oral administration of chloramphenicol palmitate, tetracycline hydrochloride, or doxycycline [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. For critically ill patients, intravenous administration of doxycycline hyclate may be considered an initial treatment option. Symptoms generally begin to remit within a period of 48 to 72 h. It is imperative that, following the resolution of fever, the course of treatment is maintained for a minimum of 10 to 14 days to mitigate the risk of relapse [&lt;span&gt;1, 4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Psittacosis can affect individuals regardless of age or gender; however, its incidence appears to peak among individuals aged 35 to 55 [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. The first documented case of psittacosis was identified in 1879 when seven individuals in Switzerland were diagnosed with pneumonia following exposure to tropical pet finches and parrots [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;], although the infectious agent was not initially recognized. Subsequent pandemics occurred in 1929 and 1930 [&lt;span&gt;6, 7&lt;/span&gt;]. Despite remaining relatively rare, psittacosis is currently regarded as a significant public heal","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Colonization of Silver-Additive Ventilator Circuit in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Ke-Yun Chao,&nbsp;Wei-Lun Liu,&nbsp;Chao-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Chia-Hui Su,&nbsp;Shih-Hsing Yang,&nbsp;Yu-Tzu Huang","doi":"10.1111/crj.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mechanical ventilation is a significant risk factor for developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Although silver-coated endotracheal tubes have been shown to reduce the bacterial burden, the efficacy of silver-based ion additive ventilator circuits in reducing bacterial colonization remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-site, randomized controlled trial compared the incidence of bacterial contamination between a silver-additive ventilator circuit and a ventilator circuit that did not have a silver additive. Bacterial samples were collected from the inspiratory limb and Y-adaptor of the circuit and analyzed using culture and identification methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacterial growth was observed in all samples from the control group and in 93.7% and 81.2% of inspiratory limb and Y-adaptor samples, respectively, from the study group. The colony counts in the inspiratory limb samples were significantly different between the groups, with a higher proportion of undesirable colony counts in the control group compared with the study group. No significant difference between the groups was observed in the colony counts in the Y-adaptor samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of a silver-additive ventilator circuit may reduce bacterial circuit colonization. However, further research with larger sample sizes and more diverse patient populations is necessary to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04927806</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic Insights and XGBoost Identify Shared Genetics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Qianqian Ji,&nbsp;Yaxian Meng,&nbsp;Xiaojie Han,&nbsp;Chao Yi,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Chen,&nbsp;Yiqiang Zhan","doi":"10.1111/crj.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has long been recognized, but their shared molecular underpinnings remain elusive. This study aims to uncover common genetic markers and pathways in COPD and T2DM, providing insights into their molecular crosstalk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we analyzed gene expression datasets from six COPD and five T2DM studies. A multifaceted bioinformatics approach, encompassing the limma R package, unified matrix analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), was deployed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted, followed by cross-species validation in <i>Mus musculus</i> models. Machine learning techniques, including random forest and LASSO regression, were applied for further validation, culminating in the development of a prognostic model using XGBoost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed shared DEGs such as <i>KIF1C</i>, <i>CSTA</i>, <i>GMNN</i>, and <i>PHGDH</i> in both COPD and T2DM. Cross-species comparison identified common genes including <i>PON1</i> and <i>CD14</i>, exhibiting varying expression patterns. The random forest and LASSO regression identified six critical genes, with our XGBoost model demonstrating significant predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.996 for COPD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identifies key genetic markers shared between COPD and T2DM, providing new insights into their molecular pathways. Our XGBoost model exhibited high predictive accuracy for COPD, highlighting the potential utility of these markers. These findings offer promising biomarkers for early detection and enhance our understanding of the diseases' interplay. Further validation in larger cohorts is recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55247,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Respiratory Journal","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/crj.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}