Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring immunoglobulin A as a stress biomarker in lions (Panthera leo): Validation of an immunoassay for its measurement in feces","authors":"Paula Serres-Corral ,&nbsp;Sergi Olvera-Maneu ,&nbsp;Vanessa Almagro ,&nbsp;Loles Carbonell ,&nbsp;Santiago Borragán ,&nbsp;Eva Martínez-Nevado ,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Quevedo ,&nbsp;Hugo Fernández-Bellon ,&nbsp;Annaïs Carbajal ,&nbsp;Manel López-Béjar","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been investigated as a stress biomarker with the potential to complement glucocorticoid measurements in welfare assessments. This study aimed to develop the methodology and validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for quantifying IgA in feces (FIgA) of lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>), investigate excretion patterns of FIgA under baseline conditions in captive lions, and explore its relationship with fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM). Feces were collected from 11 lions housed in stable social groups at four Spanish zoos over a period of two to six weeks. FIgA was reliably quantified using a commercial EIA, with concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 794.17 μg IgA/g feces, showing substantial intra- and inter-individual variability. Females had significantly higher FIgA concentrations than males (113.10 vs 54.96 μg IgA/g feces; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Additionally, FIgA concentrations varied across zoos (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Positive correlations were found between FIgA and FGM for all samples combined (rho = 0.43, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and across individual means (rho = 0.70, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but not consistently when examining each lion separately. This study demonstrates for the first time that IgA can be reliably quantified in lion feces, paving the way for its application in welfare studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binding site redundancy is critical for the regulation of fas by miR-30c in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)","authors":"Xiaoyan Jia,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Weibo Jiang,&nbsp;Le Chang,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Shen,&nbsp;Guangzhen Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangfei Li,&nbsp;Cheng Chi,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu,&nbsp;Dingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MiR-30c and fatty acid synthase (<em>fas</em>) both play important roles in physiological processes such as lipid synthesis and fat metabolism. Predictive analysis revealed that <em>fas</em> is a target gene of miR-30c with multiple seed sites. Seed sites are useful to predict miRNA targeting relationships; however, detailed analyses of seed sites in fish genomes remain poorly studied. In this study, the regulatory relationship between miR-30c and <em>fas,</em> number and effect of seed regions, and mechanism by which miR-30c regulates lipid metabolism were evaluated in blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>). Four miR-30c target sites for <em>fas</em> were identified using various prediction tools. miR-30c mimics were transfected into 293 T cells, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to evaluate the roles of different <em>fas</em> target sites. When a single target site was mutated, relative luciferase activity was higher than that in the control group, with different activity levels depending on the mutation site. When multiple target sites were mutated, relative luciferase activity increased significantly as the number of mutation sites increased and was the highest when the four sites were mutated simultaneously. The miR-30c agomir was injected into the abdominal cavity of <em>M. amblycephala</em> at various concentrations for analyses of physiological and biochemical parameters in the liver and blood and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver. Total cholesterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower after miR-30c agomir injection comparing to the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism were significantly lower after miR-30c agomir injection than in the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, this study identified four specific miR-30c target sites in the 3′ UTR of <em>fas</em> mRNA; the effects of these sites are cumulative, and the redundancy ensures the accurate regulation of <em>fas</em> during evolution. In addition, miR-30c has a negative regulatory effect on <em>fas</em> and regulates lipid metabolism via various genes related to this process. Therefore, the regulation of miR-30c can effectively ameliorate the side effects of a high-fat diet on liver function in <em>M. amblycephala</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature and hyperkalemia increase vulnerability of navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga) cardiomyocytes to the ecotoxicant 3-methyl-phenanthrene","authors":"Denis V. Abramochkin ,&nbsp;Artem Shamshura ,&nbsp;Irina Dzhumaniiazova ,&nbsp;Oksana B. Pustovit ,&nbsp;Aleksandr A. Mishchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil and gas mining and transportation in the Arctic can lead to release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ocean and freshwater basins. PAHs are known for their toxic effects in fish hearts, including the inhibition of main ionic currents (I_Kr, I_Na and I_CaL) in fish cardiac myocytes. The present study is the first one to assess the effect of a particular PAH abundant in crude oil and diesel, namely 3-methyl-phenanthrene (3-MP), on the electrical excitability (EE) of cardiomyocytes from navaga cod (<em>Eleginus nawaga</em>), commercial fish species from the Arctic. Action potentials (APs) were elicited in current-clamp experiments at 9, 15 and 21 °C, and AP characteristics and the current needed to elicit APs were examined. Also, the effects of 3 μM 3-MP were tested at 3 temperatures and in normal (3.5 mM) and high (8 mM) extracellular K⁺ concentrations.</div><div>Elevation of temperature leads to hyperpolarization of resting membrane potential and AP shortening, but does not decrease EE. 3-MP was found to suppress EE in cardiomyocytes at 9 and 15 °C, but not at 21 °C. High extracellular K⁺ itself drastically decreases EE, although it does not worsen the effect of 3-MP. However, combination of hyperthermia and high K⁺ leads to augmentation of depressive effect of 3-MP on EE. We hypothesize that hyperthermia rescues Na⁺ channels from inactivation due to membrane hyperpolarization, thereby compensating for the partial inhibition of I_Na by 3-MP. However, elevation of extracellular K⁺ nullifies this protective mechanism by depolarizing the resting potential and aggravates the effect of 3-MP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower adaptive immunity in invasive Egyptian geese compared to sympatric native waterfowls","authors":"Simone Messina ,&nbsp;Hanna Prüter ,&nbsp;Gábor Árpád Czirják ,&nbsp;David Costantini","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful invasive species increase their spreading success by trading-off nutritional and metabolic resources allocated to reproduction and range expansion with other costly body functions. One proposed mechanism for the reallocation of resources is a trade-off with the immune function and the regulation of oxidative status. Relying on a panel of blood-based markers of immune function and oxidative status quantified in an invasive species (Egyptian goose) and two native competing species (mallard and mute swan) in Germany, we tested the hypothesis that the invasive species would have (i) lower investment in immune function, (ii) lower levels of oxidative damage, and (iii) no higher antioxidant defences compared to the native species. We found lower levels of adaptive immune markers (lymphocytes and immunoglobulin Y), in the invasive species compared to the two native species. Innate immune profile was generally similar between Egyptian geese and mallards. By contrast, mute swans showed higher levels of heterophils and lysozymes, and lower levels of bacteria killing ability compared to both Egyptian geese and mallards. Mute swans also showed higher levels of haemolysis and haemagglutination, but lower levels of monocytes and haematocrit compared to Egyptian geese. Reactive oxygen metabolites, a marker of oxidative damage, were higher in mallards and lower in Egyptian geese compared to the other waterfowl species, while levels of antioxidants were generally similar among the three species. Our results point to a reduced investment in adaptive immune function in the invasive species as a possible resources-saving immunological strategy due to the loss of co-evolved parasites in the new colonised habitats, as observed in a previous study. A lower investment in immune function may benefit other energy-demanding activities, such as reproduction, dispersal, and territoriality, while maintaining relatively higher innate immunity is beneficial since invasive species mainly encounter novel pathogens. Results pointed out also other important species-specific differences in baseline immune status, supporting previous findings on the relationship between species' body mass and immune profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence of luteinizing hormone-like molecule and its receptor in the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus","authors":"Uraipan Saetan ,&nbsp;Napamanee Kornthong ,&nbsp;Supawadee Duangprom ,&nbsp;Sineenart Songkoomkrong ,&nbsp;Phetcharat Phanthong ,&nbsp;Amornrat Sanprick ,&nbsp;Chittipong Tipbunjong ,&nbsp;Montakan Tamtin ,&nbsp;Jirawat Saetan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the neuroendocrine system possibly improves the reproductive performance of captivated crustacean broodstock in aquaculture and it may substitute eyestalk ablation. In this study, we explored the luteinizing hormone (LH)-like molecule and proved the existence of the LH receptor (<em>Ppel</em>LHR)-like mRNA in the blue swimming crab, <em>Portunus pelagicus</em>. Using the anti-human LH-β antibody, the immunoreactivities were found in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary of the crab with the strongest signal in the mature ovary. The full-length <em>Ppel</em>LHR-like mRNA sequence contained 4818 bp with deduced protein predicted as seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, made of 1605 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree suggested this protein belonged to the clade of invertebrate LHR/FSHR-like proteins. The <em>Ppel</em>LHR-like mRNA expressed in various organs and real-time qPCR revealed significantly higher expression of this mRNA in the brain and lower expression in the ovary of the mature crabs. <em>In situ</em> hybridization of this mRNA was demonstrated in neuronal clusters of the brain, ventral nerve cord, and in the oocyte stage 1–4 of the ovary, respectively. This study was preliminary to prove the existence of LH and its receptor in the blue swimming crab. Functional assay of this receptor should be performed as the next part of experiments to firmly conclude its appearance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring insect osmoregulation in vitro: A reference guide","authors":"Mads Kuhlmann Andersen ,&nbsp;Andrew Donini ,&nbsp;Heath A. MacMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmoregulation is influenced by a wide variety of biotic and abiotic variables, and maintenance of systemic osmoregulatory homeostasis is critical to insect fitness. Because insects are so small, accurately quantifying renal organ function is technically challenging, and often requires specialized equipment. On top of this, nearly a century of toiling in the laboratory has led to a wide and still growing variety of methods that can be difficult for novice researchers to disentangle. Here, we provide a reference guide for the most used <em>in vitro</em> approaches in the study of insect osmoregulation, including the Ramsay assay, Ussing chamber, epithelial potential measurement, scanning ion-selective electrode technique, and hindgut assays. Along the way, we highlight the history of each methodological innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 111751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemolysis overestimates plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in free-ranging roe deer","authors":"Amandine Herrada ,&nbsp;Pauline Vuarin ,&nbsp;François Débias ,&nbsp;Alexia Gache ,&nbsp;Philippe Veber ,&nbsp;Maryline Pellerin ,&nbsp;Louise Cheynel ,&nbsp;Jean-François Lemaître ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont ,&nbsp;Benjamin Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying oxidative stress has garnered extensive interest in evolutionary ecology and physiology since proposed as a mediator of life histories. However, while the theoretical framework of oxidative stress ecology is well-supported by laboratory-based studies, results obtained in wild populations on oxidative damage and antioxidant biomarkers have shown inconsistent trends. We propose that red blood cell lysis could be a source of bias affecting measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers, distorting the conclusions drawn from them. Using an experimental approach consisting of enriching plasma from roe deer with lysed red blood cells, we show that the values of commonly used oxidative stress biomarkers linearly increase with the degree of haemolysis – assayed by haemoglobin concentration. This result concerns oxidized proteins (carbonyls) and lipids (TBARS), as well as enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (trolox assay, OXY assay) antioxidant markers. Based on 707 roe deer blood samples collected in the field, we next show that the occurrence of haemolysis in plasma samples is negatively related to age. Finally, we illustrate that considering the variance explained by age-related haemolysis improves explanatory models for inter-individual variability in plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, without substantially altering the estimates of the parameters studied here. Our results raise the question of the veracity of the conclusions if the degree of haemolysis in plasma is not considered in animal models such as roe deer, for which the occurrence and severity of haemolysis vary according to individual characteristics. We recommend measuring and controlling for the degree of haemolysis be considered in future studies that investigate the causes and consequences of oxidative stress in ecophysiological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 111750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and functional analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1 under nitrite stress","authors":"Xuenan Li ,&nbsp;Xilin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The function of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) under nitrite stress was investigated. The full-length cDNA sequence of the L. <em>vannamei NKCC1</em> gene was cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, and the sequence was analysed using bioinformatics tools. Expression and localisation of <em>NKCC1</em> in tissues were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and <em>in situ</em> hybridisation, respectively. The impact of nitrite stress on the survival, physiology, biochemistry and tissue structure of L. <em>vannamei</em> was investigated following silencing of <em>NKCC1</em> by RNA interference. The 3143 bp cDNA sequence of L. <em>vannamei NKCC1</em> encodes a polypeptide of 918 amino acids. It is evolutionarily conserved. <em>NKCC1</em> expression was highest in gill tissue, particularly within cuticle and gill epithelial cells. After silencing <em>NKCC1</em>, an increase in shrimp survival was observed, accompanied by a significant reduction in nitrite entry into the body (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the oxidative stress enzyme system remained unaffected and damage to gill tissue was alleviated. The results suggest that NKCC1 is involved in regulating nitrite uptake, and plays a crucial role in facilitating nitrite entry into the organism through gill tissue. The findings provide a vital experimental basis for addressing concerns related to nitrite toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 111749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Best practices for performing olfactory behavioral assays on aquatic animals: A guide for comparative physiologists","authors":"Cosima S. Porteus ,&nbsp;Elissa Khodikian ,&nbsp;Liam R. Tigert ,&nbsp;Gary J. Ren ,&nbsp;Gwangseok R. Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As more physiologists start to incorporate animal behavior into their experiments, especially in the olfactory behavior research field, some considerations are often overlooked, partly due to the inherited way that physiological experiments are traditionally designed and performed. Here we highlight some of these subtle but important considerations and make a case for why these might affect the results collected from behavioral assays. Our aim is to provide useful suggestions for increased standardization of methods so they can be more easily replicated among different experiments and laboratories. We have focused on areas that are less likely to be mentioned in the materials and methods section of a manuscript such as starvation, preliminary experiments, appropriate sample sizes and considerations when choosing an odorant for an assay. Additionally, we are strongly cautioning against the use of alarm cue to generate behavioral responses due to its highly unstable chemical properties/potency. Instead, we suggest using pure chemicals (made up of one known molecule) such as amino acids, bile acids, or polyamines that are commercially available and easier to make up in known concentrations. Lastly, we strongly suggest using environmentally relevant concentrations of these odorants. We believe these guidelines will help standardize these assays and improve replication of experiments within and between laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 111747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferring the metabolic rate of bone","authors":"Chen Hou ,&nbsp;Timothy G. Bromage","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bone organ is poorly represented in comparative research on mammalian mass-specific metabolic rates. As a first order attempt to remedy this, from the literature we collected mass-specific metabolic rates for all major organs except for the bone organ, and by subtraction infer the rate for the bone organ. The scaling relationships are given of each whole-organ mass-specific metabolic rate and of the relationship between whole-organ metabolic rate and body mass. Scaling of the lung, adipose depot and bone organ with body mass is higher than would be expected by ¾ power scaling. We interpret the similar scalings of bone and the adipose depot in light of their evolved regulation of whole-body metabolism. We also briefly examine the supra-¾ power scaling of the lung as well as the independence of the mass-specific metabolic rate of the heart from body mass. The bone organ exhibits relatively high energy expenditure with increasing body size. The bone marrow and its medullary adipocyte store may be responsible for engendering the greater share of the bone organ's energetic cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 111748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}