Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Commentary: Analyzing invertebrate bitopic cadherin G protein-coupled receptors that bind Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"Li Liu, Lee A. Bulla Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 110963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096495924000307/pdfft?md5=258c999b6ca27762ac1b6c36079e7b50&pid=1-s2.0-S1096495924000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal dietary lipid levels alleviated adverse effects of high temperature on growth, lipid metabolism, antioxidant and immune responses in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","authors":"Wencong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Dan ,&nbsp;Jichang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianlong Du ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Zengqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Ye Gong ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fish physiological health is often negatively impacted by high-temperature environments and there are few studies on how dietary lipids affect fish growth and physiology when exposed to heat stress. The main objective of this research was to examine the impact of dietary lipid levels on growth and physiological status of juvenile turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em> L.) and determine if dietary lipid concentration could alleviate the possible adverse effects of heat stress. Five diets containing 6.81%, 9.35%, 12.03%, 14.74%, and 17.08% lipid, respectively, were formulated and fed to turbot (initial weight 5.13 ± 0.02 g) under high-temperature conditions (24.0–25.0 °C). Meanwhile, the diet with 12.03% lipid (considered by prior work to be an optimal dietary lipid level) was fed to turbot of the same size at normal temperature. Results suggested that, among the different dietary lipid levels under high-temperature conditions, fish fed the optimal lipid (12.03%) exhibited better growth compared to non-optimal lipid groups, as evidenced by higher weight gain and specific growth rate. Simultaneously, the optimal lipid diet may better maintain lipid homeostasis, as attested by lower liver and serum lipid, along with higher liver mRNA levels of lipolysis-related genes (<em>pgc1α</em>, <em>lipin1</em>, <em>pparα</em>, <em>lpl</em> and <em>hl</em>) and lower levels of synthesis-related genes (<em>lxr</em>, <em>fas</em>, <em>scd1</em>, <em>pparγ</em>, <em>dgat1</em> and <em>dgat2</em>). Also, the optimal lipid diet might mitigate oxidative damage by improving antioxidant enzyme activity, decreasing malondialdehyde levels, and up-regulating oxidation-related genes (<em>sod1</em>, <em>sod2</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>gpx</em> and <em>ho-1</em>). Furthermore, the optimal lipid may enhance fish immunity, as suggested by the decrease in serum glutamic-oxalacetic/pyruvic transaminase activities, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and up-regulation of anti-inflammation genes. Correspondingly, the optimal lipid level suppressed MAPK signaling pathway via decreased phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK and ERK proteins in liver. In summary, the optimal dietary lipid level facilitated better growth and physiological status in turbot under thermal stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 110962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on the intestinal physiology and growth during Solea senegalensis larval development","authors":"Ana Catarina Matias ,&nbsp;Ana Rita Viegas ,&nbsp;Ana Couto ,&nbsp;Cátia Lourenço-Marques ,&nbsp;Cláudia Aragão ,&nbsp;Sara Castanho ,&nbsp;Margarida Gamboa ,&nbsp;Ana Candeias-Mendes ,&nbsp;Florbela Soares ,&nbsp;Teresa Modesto ,&nbsp;Pedro Pousão-Ferreira ,&nbsp;Laura Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The maturation of the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions might limit the amount of absorbed nutrients to fulfil the high requirements of the fast-growing marine fish larva. Glutamine (Gln) has been described to improve intestinal epithelium functions, due to its involvement in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary 0.2% Gln supplementation on aspects of intestinal physiology, protein metabolism and growth-related genes expression in Senegalese sole larvae. Experiment was carried out between 12 and 33 days post hatching (DPH) and fish were divided into two experimental groups, one fed <em>Artemia</em> spp. (CTRL) and the other fed <em>Artemia</em> spp. supplemented with Gln (GLN). GLN diet had two times more Gln than the CTRL diet. Samples were collected at 15, 19, 26 and 33 DPH for biometry, histology, and digestive enzymes activity, and at 33 DPH for gene expression, protein metabolism and AA content determination. Growth was significantly higher for Senegalese sole fed GLN diet, supported by differences on protein metabolism and growth-related gene expression. Slight differences were observed between treatments regarding the intestinal physiology. Overall, GLN diet seems to be directed to enhance protein metabolism leading to higher larval growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 110961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139926965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dramatic genome-wide reprogramming of mRNA in hypometabolic muscle","authors":"Nicholas J. Hudson ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Cramp ,&nbsp;Craig E. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to seasonal droughts, the green striped burrowing frog <em>Cyclorana alboguttata</em> enters a reversible hypometabolic state called aestivation where heart rate and oxygen consumption can be reduced despite warm (&gt;25C°) ambient temperatures. With a view to understanding molecular mechanisms we profiled aestivating versus control gastrocnemius muscle using mRNA sequencing. This indicated an extensive metabolic reprogramming, with nearly a quarter of the entire transcriptome (3996 of 16,960 mRNA) exhibiting a nominal &gt;2-fold change. Consistent with a physiological adaptation to spare carbohydrate reserves, carbohydrate catabolism was systemically downregulated. A 630-fold downregulation of <em>ENO3</em> encoding the enolase enzyme was most striking. The 590 frog orthologs of mRNA encoding the mitoproteome were, viewed as a population, significantly downregulated during aestivation, although not to the same extent as mRNA encoding carbohydrate catabolism. Prominent examples include members of the TCA cycle (<em>IDH2</em>), electron transport chain (<em>NDUFA6</em>), the ATP synthase complex (<em>ATP5F1B</em>) and ADP/ATP intracellular transport (<em>SLC25A4</em>). Moreover, mRNA derived from the mt genome itself (e.g. <em>mt-ND1</em>) were also downregulated. Most prominent among the upregulated mRNA are those encoding aspects of regulated proteolysis including the proteosome (e.g. <em>PSME4L</em>), peptidases (<em>USP25</em>), atrogins (<em>FBXO32</em>) and ubiquitination (<em>VCP</em>). Finally, we note the ∼5-fold upregulation of the mRNA <em>EIFG3</em> that encodes part of the EIF4F complex. This possesses global control of protein synthesis. Given protein synthesis is repressed in aestivating frogs this indicates the skeletal musculature is poised for accelerated translation of mRNA upon emergence, supporting a strategy to rapidly restore function when the summer rains come.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 110952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional convergence in gastric lysozymes of foregut-fermenting rodents, ruminants, and primates is not attributed to convergent molecular evolution","authors":"Nick Barts ,&nbsp;Roshni H. Bhatt ,&nbsp;Chelsea Toner ,&nbsp;Wynn K. Meyer ,&nbsp;Jacob D. Durrant ,&nbsp;Kevin D. Kohl","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Convergent evolution is a widespread phenomenon. While there are many examples of convergent evolution at the phenotypic scale, convergence at the molecular level has been more difficult to identify. A classic example of convergent evolution across scales is that of the digestive lysozyme found in ruminants and Colobine monkeys. These herbivorous species rely on foregut fermentation, which has evolved to function more optimally under acidic conditions. Here, we explored if rodents with similar dietary strategies and digestive morphologies have convergently evolved a lysozyme with digestive functions. At the phenotypic level, we find that rodents with bilocular stomach morphologies exhibited a lysozyme that maintained higher relative activities at low pH values, similar to the lysozymes of ruminants and Colobine monkeys. Additionally, the lysozyme of <em>Peromyscus leucopus</em> shared a similar predicted protonation state as that observed in previously identified digestive lysozymes. However, we found limited evidence of positive selection acting on the lysozyme gene in foregut-fermenting species and did not identify patterns of convergent molecular evolution in this gene. This study emphasizes that phenotypic convergence need not be the result of convergent genetic modifications, and we encourage further exploration into the mechanisms regulating convergence across biological scales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black soldier fly larvae meal as a potential modulator of immune, inflammatory, and antioxidant status in gilthead seabream juveniles","authors":"Sara Moutinho ,&nbsp;Aires Oliva-Teles ,&nbsp;Filipa Fontinha ,&nbsp;Nicole Martins ,&nbsp;Óscar Monroig ,&nbsp;Helena Peres","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement with defatted <em>Hermetia illucens</em> larvae meal (HM) on the hematological profile, immune parameters, intestinal inflammatory status, and antioxidant response in gilthead seabream juveniles. Four diets were formulated, replacing FM with HM at 0%, 22%, 60%, and 100% levels, corresponding to an inclusion level of 15 (diet HM15), 30 (diet HM30), and 45% (diet HM45), respectively. Over 67 days, fish were fed these diets until apparent visual satiation. Results showed no significant differences in immune parameters or hematological profiles, except for a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. In the liver, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase decreased linearly with HM content, especially at 100% replacement. Glutathione reductase activity was also reduced with HM inclusion, being lower in fish fed diet HM30 compared to the control. Fish fed diet HM15 showed lower hepatic superoxide dismutase activity, while catalase activity and lipid peroxidation remained unaffected. In the intestine, antioxidant enzyme activity was not influenced by HM, but lipid peroxidation linearly decreased with HM inclusion, being lower in the HM30 diet compared to the control. The inclusion of HM reduced the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase-2) while the expression of transforming growth factor β was higher in fish fed diet HM30 compared to the control and HM45 diets. In conclusion, up to 45% dietary inclusion of HM showed no adverse effects, improving liver antioxidant status, reducing intestinal oxidative stress, and regulating inflammatory gene expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of mapk genes, and their expression profiles in response to low salinity stress, in cobia (Rachycentron canadum)","authors":"Yunsheng Yang,&nbsp;Qian Ma,&nbsp;Shulei Jin,&nbsp;Baosong Huang,&nbsp;Zhongliang Wang,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a class of protein kinases that regulate various physiological processes, and play a crucial role in maintaining the osmotic equilibrium of fish. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the <em>mapk</em> family genes in cobia (<em>Rachycentron canadum</em>) and examine their expression profiles under different low salinity stress regimes (acute: from 30‰ to 10‰ in 1 h, sub-chronic: from 30‰ to 10‰ over 4 d). A total of 12 cobia <em>mapk</em> genes (<em>Rcmapks</em>) were identified and cloned, including six <em>erk</em> subfamily genes (<em>Rcmapk1/3/4/6/7/15</em>), three <em>jnk</em> subfamily genes (<em>Rcmapk8/9/10</em>) and three <em>p38 mapk</em> subfamily genes (<em>Rcmapk 11/13/14</em>). Domain analysis indicated that the RcMAPKs possessed the typical domains including S_TKc and PKc_like domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the <em>Rcmapks</em> were most closely related to those of the turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>). The tissue distribution of <em>mapk</em> genes in adult cobia and the expression patterns of <em>Rcmapks</em> under different low salinity stress regimes were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that <em>Rcmapk3/9/10/11/13/14</em> exhibited a relatively broad expression distribution across 14 different tissues. For all these genes the highest expression level was in the brain, except for <em>Rcmapk14</em> (highly expressed in the stomach, gill, and skin). The genes <em>Rcmapk1/6/15</em> showed significantly higher expression in the testis. Under acute low salinity stress, expression of <em>Rcmapk1/3/6/7/9/11/13/14</em> was significantly altered in the gill, intestine, and trunk kidney, however, the aforementioned genes exhibited very different expression patterns among the three tissues. In the gill, most of the genes from the <em>erk</em> (<em>Rcmapk3/6/7</em>) and <em>p38 mapk</em> subfamily (<em>Rcmapk11/13/14</em>) were significantly up-regulated at almost all the time points (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05); Similarly, the expression of <em>Rcmapk3/9/11/13/14</em> genes were significantly increased in the trunk kidney; while in the intestine, most of the altered genes (<em>Rcmapk6/7/9/11/13/14</em>) were significantly down-regulated at 1 h. Following the sub-chronic low salinity stress, expression of <em>Rcmapk1/3/6/7/9/11/13/14</em> genes were significantly altered in all three tissues. These findings provide important reference data for elucidating the roles of cobia <em>mapk</em> family genes in response to low salinity stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative splicing patterns of hnrnp genes in gill tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during salinity changes","authors":"Dazhi Liu ,&nbsp;Han Yu ,&nbsp;Na Xue,&nbsp;Hancheng Bao,&nbsp;Qinfeng Gao,&nbsp;Yuan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in various physiological processes in eukaryotes, such as the stress response. However, patterns of AS events remain largely unexplored during salinity </span>acclimation in fishes. In this study, we conducted AS analysis using RNA-seq datasets to explore splicing patterns in the gill tissues of </span>rainbow trout exposed to altered salinity environments, ranging from 0 ‰ (T0) to 30 ‰ (T30). The results revealed 1441, 351, 483, 1051 and 1049 differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) events in 5 pairwise comparisons, including T6 vs. T0, T12 vs. T0, T18 vs. T0, T24 vs. T0, and T30 vs. T0, respectively. These DAS events were derived from 1290, 328, 444, 963 and 948 genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DAS genes were related to </span>RNA splicing and processing. Among these, 14 DAS genes were identified as members of the large </span><em>heterogeneous nuclear RNP</em> (<em>hnRNP</em><span><span>) gene family. Alternative 3′ splice site (A3SS), </span>exon skipping<span> (SE) and intron retention (RI) events resulted in the fragmentation or even loss of the functional RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains in </span></span><em>hnrnpa0</em>, <em>hnrnp1a</em>, <em>hnrnp1b</em> and <em>hnrnpc</em> genes. The incomplete RRM domains would hinder the interactions between <em>hnRNP</em><span><span> genes and pre-mRNAs. It would in turn influence the splicing patterns and mRNA stability of downstream target genes in response to salinity changes. The study provides insights into salinity acclimation in gill tissues of rainbow trout and serves as a significant reference on the </span>osmoregulation mechanisms at post-transcription regulation levels in fish.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial techniques for physiologists","authors":"Soren Z. Coulson ,&nbsp;Brynne M. Duffy ,&nbsp;James F. Staples","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitochondria serve several important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, apoptotic signalling, and regulation of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium. Therefore, mitochondrial studies may reveal insights into metabolism at higher levels of physiological organization. The apparent complexity of mitochondrial function may be daunting to researchers new to mitochondrial physiology. This review is aimed, therefore, at such researchers to provide a brief, yet approachable overview of common techniques used to assess mitochondrial function. Here we discuss the use of high-resolution respirometry in mitochondrial experiments and common analytical platforms used for this technique. Next, we compare the use of common mitochondrial preparation techniques, including adherent cells, tissue homogenate, permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria. Finally, we outline additional techniques that can be used in tandem with high-resolution respirometry to assess additional aspects of mitochondrial metabolism, including ATP synthesis, calcium uptake, membrane potential and reactive oxygen species emission. We also include limitations to each of these techniques and outline recommendations for experimental design and interpretation. With a general understanding of methodologies commonly used to study mitochondrial physiology, experimenters may begin contributing to our understanding of this organelle, and how it affects other physiological phenotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096495924000149/pdfft?md5=94021e17d563de63a1611da3fdef6928&pid=1-s2.0-S1096495924000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanism of the NOS/NOX regulation of antibacterial activity in Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Linjie Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Li ,&nbsp;Liugen Zeng ,&nbsp;Ziyu Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Deng ,&nbsp;Peiying Huang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Hou ,&nbsp;Shaoqin Jian ,&nbsp;Daxian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>To elucidate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which produces the free radical nitric oxide (NO), and </span>nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate<span> oxidase (NOX), which produces the superoxide anion (O</span></span>₂⁻), in the innate immunity of <span><em>Eriocheir sinensis</em></span>, the full lengths of the <em>NOS</em> and <span><em>NOX</em></span> genes were cloned <em>via</em><span> rapid amplification of the cDNA ends and then expressed in the prokaryotic form to obtain the recombinant proteins, NOS-HIS and NOX-HIS. Through bacterial binding and stimulation experiments, the molecular mechanisms of NOS and NOX in the innate immunity of </span><em>E. sinensis</em><span> were explored. Based on the results, NOS and NOX were 5900 bp and 4504 bp long, respectively, and were evolutionarily conserved. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that NOS and NOX were expressed in all studied tissues, and both were expressed in the highest amounts in hemocytes. NOS-HIS and NOX-HIS could bind to bacteria with different binding powers; their binding ability to gram-positive bacteria was higher than that of binding to gram-negative bacteria. After stimulation with </span><span><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em></span>, <em>NOS</em> expression was significantly up-regulated at 3, 6, and 48 h, and <em>NOX</em><span> expression was significantly down-regulated at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h. After bacterial stimulation, the NOS enzyme activity in the serum of </span><em>E. sinensis</em> was also significantly up-regulated at 6 and 48 h, and the NOX enzyme activity was significantly down-regulated at 12 and 48 h, aligning with the gene expression trend. Moreover, the related free radical molecules, NO, O₂⁻, and H₂O₂, tended to decrease after bacterial stimulation. Overall, the gene expression and enzyme activity of NOS and NOX had been changed respectively, and the contents of a series of free radical molecules (NO, O₂⁻ and H₂O₂) were induced in <em>E. sinensis</em> after bacterial stimulation, which then exert antibacterial immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 110945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}