Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Regulatory variants of glycogen synthase contribute to differential glycogen content between Crassostrea gigas and C. sikamea","authors":"Ying Tan ,&nbsp;Chenyu Shi ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Shikai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In marine bivalves, glycogen functions as a key energy source, influencing essential physiological processes such as growth, development, gametogenesis, and the reproductive cycle. Glycogen synthase (GYS), the key enzyme regulating glycogen biosynthesis, shows expression patterns directly correlated with seasonal glycogen fluctuations. This study identified genetic variations within the transcriptional regulatory region of the <em>GYS</em> gene in populations of <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> and <em>C. sikamea</em>. Two key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites, SNP -792-G/T and SNP -60-T/C, were identified to be associated with glycogen content. The polymorphisms in the <em>GYS</em> gene promoter result in species-specific differences in transcriptional binding activity, with <em>C. sikamea</em> showing higher activity in core region compared to <em>C. gigas</em>. Polymorphisms in this highly conserved promoter region alter the affinity of transcription regulatory elements for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OCT-1), thereby influencing <em>GYS</em> gene expression levels. These changes were related with interspecific differences in glycogen content between <em>C. sikamea</em> and <em>C. gigas</em>. Experimental evidence confirmed the specific binding of transcription factors to SNP-mutated promoter motifs. These SNPs represent critical species-specific regulatory sites and may serve as valuable markers for selecting oyster strains with high glycogen content. Our findings demonstrate that SNPs within the transcription regulatory elements of the <em>GYS</em> gene alter the binding affinity for transcription factors OCT-1 and HIF-1α, thereby playing a critical role in energy metabolism in oysters. Our study offers novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of the <em>GYS</em> gene and its contribution to glycogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative whole-genome methylation and transcriptome analysis reveals epigenetic modulation of glucose metabolism by dietary berberine in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)","authors":"Xiaoyan Jia,&nbsp;Wei Qiang,&nbsp;Le Chang,&nbsp;Kang Xiao,&nbsp;Ronghua Zhou,&nbsp;Qiyong Qiu,&nbsp;Guangzhen Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangfei Li,&nbsp;Cheng Chi,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu,&nbsp;Dingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research was designed to explore the epigenetic mechanism by which dietary berberine (BBR) affects glucose metabolism in fish. Blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>) is susceptible to disturbances in glucose metabolism when subjected to prolonged high-carbohydrate diets. This study aimed to elucidate whether BBR can enhance glucose regulation in <em>M. amblycephala via</em> modulating DNA methylation levels. Fish (average weight of 20.36 ± 1.44 g) were administered a normal-carbohydrate diet (NC, 30 % carbohydrate), a high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 43 % carbohydrate), or a high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg berberine (HB) for 10 weeks. Subsequently, global DNA methylation level, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), RNA-seq, bisulfite sequencing PCR, and real-time quantitative PCR were employed to analyze the DNA methylation patterns and transcription results of the liver genome. The findings indicated that high carbohydrate diets induced glucose metabolism disorders in <em>M. amblycephala</em>, whereas BBR mitigated these metabolic disturbances by reducing methylation levels. WGBS results revealed that CG-type cytosine methylation predominated, and that DNA methylation mainly occurred in promoter, intron, and exon regions. Furthermore, analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between DNA methylation around the transcriptional start site and gene expression levels for 47 genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were associated with 60 KEGG pathways, including 12 genes implicated in the amelioration of insulin resistance, reduction of gluconeogenesis, and maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Consequently, we generated a comprehensive catalog of liver DNA methylation in <em>M. amblycephala</em>, which provides a foundational framework for future investigations into the epigenetic regulation of glucose metabolism by BBR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vibrio alginolyticus on intestinal health and intestinal flora of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)","authors":"Xiaochen Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Haoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Yijing Han ,&nbsp;Wan Liu ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaona Wang ,&nbsp;Xuekai Zhang ,&nbsp;Deyang Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to understand the effect of <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> on the intestinal tract of <em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em>. The effects of injecting <em>V. alginolyticus</em> into the body cavity via the perioral membrane at concentrations of 0 CFU/mL (C), 1.5 × 10⁷ CFU/mL (VA1), and 1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL (VA10) on the intestinal tract of <em>S. intermedius</em> were analyzed using histological examination, immunoenzyme activity, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that <em>V. alginolyticus</em> caused intestinal tissue damage and oxidative stress (e.g. altered levels of superoxide dismutase). In addition, the intestinal flora was altered. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly decreased in the VA10 group, at the genus level, <em>Vibrio</em> spp. exhibited a significant increase following <em>V. alginolyticus</em> injection. Prediction of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes function in the intestinal flora revealed that high concentrations of <em>V. alginolyticus</em> may have induced pathways such as energy metabolism. These results indicated that <em>V. alginolyticus</em> caused lesions in the intestinal morphology of <em>S. intermedius</em> and disrupted the balance of intestinal flora.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prebiotics added to the culture water on the bacterial profiles of biofloc and the gills, hepatopancreas, and intestine of Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Misael Rosales-Leija ,&nbsp;Delbert M. Gatlin III ,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Holt ,&nbsp;Addison L. Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prebiotics alter microbial communities by supplying carbon to specific bacteria that benefit the host. However, the effect of prebiotics added to the culture water on shrimp production and bacterial composition has not been demonstrated. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of four prebiotics — short-chain fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, inulin, and mannan-oligosaccharide — and two non-prebiotic carbohydrates — sucrose and wheat starch — on shrimp growth, nutrient composition of shrimp muscle and biofloc, biofloc concentration, and bacterial profiles in biofloc and gills, hepatopancreas, and intestine of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>. Shrimp (6.0 ± 0.5 g) were stocked into 36 tanks (72 shrimp/m²) and raised in a biofloc technology system consisting of two phases: an autotrophic-dominated phase (days 0–4) and a heterotrophic-dominated phase (days 5–26). The prebiotic and non-prebiotic carbohydrates were added to the water at a rate of 3 % of the feed provided. Key findings revealed that adding prebiotics to the water did not affect shrimp growth. Notably, shrimp muscle from the mannan-oligosaccharide treatment exhibited a significantly higher lipid content than that from the galactooligosaccharide treatment (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). No significant effect was observed on the nutrient composition of biofloc. Biofloc concentration was lower in the wheat starch treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Finally, the prebiotics altered the bacterial composition of biofloc and shrimp gills, hepatopancreas, and intestine. These results revealed that adding prebiotics to the culture water of a biofloc system has an effect on shrimp quality and microbial communities of biofloc and various shrimp tissues, suggesting their potential benefit on shrimp production and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary short-chain fatty acid supplementation does not affect growth performance, metabolism, and oxidative status of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles","authors":"F. Fontinha ,&nbsp;N. Martins ,&nbsp;R. Magalhães ,&nbsp;H. Peres ,&nbsp;A. Oliva-Teles","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) supplementation, on growth performance, metabolism, and antioxidant status of European seabass juveniles. Six isoproteic (43 % crude protein) and isolipidic (18 % crude lipid) diets were formulated to include 0.25 and 0.50 % Sodium acetate (SA), Sodium propionate (SP), or Sodium butyrate (SB). A diet without SCFA supplementation was used as a control. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles (initial body weight of 15 g) for 56 days. The supplementation of SCFA in the diet had no impact on the growth, feed utilization, or body composition of seabass. In the intestine, gene expression of pyruvate kinase (<em>pk</em>) and glucokinase (<em>gk</em>), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (<em>pepck</em>), glucose facilitative carrier type 2 (<em>glut2</em>), and citrate synthase (<em>cs</em>) was lower in fish fed the SP0.50 diet than in the other groups. Moreover, fatty acid synthase (<em>fas</em>) gene expression was lower in fish fed the SA0.25, SA0.50, and SB0.25 diets than in the other groups. Further, catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels showed no differences between groups. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was higher in fish fed the SP0.50 diet. In the liver, GR activity and LPO levels showed no differences between groups. In contrast, CAT activity was lower in all dietary treatments than in control, and GPX and G6PDH activity was lower in fish fed with the SB (0.25 and 0.50 %) diet than in the other diets. Overall, SCFA supplementation did not affect growth performance and feed utilization and only had minor effects on metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute low-temperature stress on respiratory metabolism, antioxidants, and metabolomics of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii","authors":"Yu Ding ,&nbsp;Wenbin Sha ,&nbsp;Yunfei Sun ,&nbsp;Yongxu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crayfish (<em>Procambarus clarkii</em>) aquaculture is threatened by abrupt temperature decreases caused by climatic phenomena, such as cold waves and seasonal fluctuations. In this study, crayfish were exposed to an abrupt temperature change from 17 °C to 7 °C for 24 h to investigate the effects of acute low-temperatures on respiratory metabolism, antioxidants, and metabolomics. The results showed that acute low-temperatures significantly reduced the activities of pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase in the gills and hemolymph, associated with decreases in anaerobic and aerobic respiratory capacities, and significant decreases in oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and maximum metabolic rates. Antioxidant enzymes in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph initially increased then decreased within 24 h. Metabolomics revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis pathways responded to acute low-temperatures, with glycerophospholipids being the most significantly differentially expressed metabolites. These results supported the hypothesis that crayfish exhibit lower metabolic activity at low temperatures. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the biological changes induced by acute low-temperature and may provide insight into culture of <em>P. clarkii</em> in cold waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into Ca2+- inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2)-mediated unfolded protein response and apoptosis in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under high temperature stress","authors":"Wenfei Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Ma ,&nbsp;Chuanyan Yang ,&nbsp;Dongli Jiang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Fan ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP₃R2) is an essential Ca²⁺ release channel protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and plays a significant role in responding to various environmental stimuli. In the present study, the function of IP₃R2 from Yesso scallop <em>Patinopecten yessoensis</em> (<em>Py</em>IP₃R2) in regulating the Ca²⁺-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis after high temperature (25 °C) treatment was investigated. Three MIR domains, one RYDR_ITPR domain, one RIH_assoc domain and one Ion_trans domain were identified in <em>Py</em>IP₃R2. Both D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3, an activator of IP₃R) and high temperature significantly upregulated the mRNA expression level of <em>PyIP</em>_<em>3</em><em>R2</em> and genes related to apoptosis and the UPR, and also increased intracellular Ca²⁺ content (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the IP₃R antagonist 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) had the opposite effect, decreasing intracellular Ca²⁺ content and the mRNA expression level of <em>PyIP</em>_<em>3</em><em>R2</em>, glucose regulated protein 78 (<em>PyGRP78</em>) and <em>PyCaspase-3</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity remained comparable to those in the injection control group. These findings indicate that <em>Py</em>IP₃R2 mediates UPR and apoptosis in scallop haemocytes by regulating Ca²⁺content and distribution, and providing insight into the cellular responses of scallops to high temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the biochemical and gene expression profiles of Palaemon carinicauda during ovarian development","authors":"Weitao Cheng ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Dexue Liu ,&nbsp;Menghao Fan ,&nbsp;Yanrong Cao ,&nbsp;Wanyu Han ,&nbsp;Tinglu Hu ,&nbsp;Guangwei Hu ,&nbsp;Huan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Palaemon carinicauda</em> is an economically important shrimp species in China. In this study, muscle, hepatopancreas and ovaries were collected to measure their biochemical composition during ovarian development. In addition, dynamic changes in the transcriptome of <em>P. carinicauda</em> ovaries were investigated. The results showed steady increases in glycogen, triglyceride (TG) and protein levels in the ovaries during maturation. The glycogen level increased consistently in the hepatopancreas, while in the muscle, glycogen showed a downward trend after reaching its highest value at Stage III. Similarly, TG concentration in the hepatopancreas decreased before subsequently increasing, while in the case of muscle, the TG level increased from Stage I to Stage IV prior to a significant decrease in Stage V. In hepatopancreas and muscle, the highest level of protein was observed at Stage III and Stage II respectively and at subsequent stages, the levels decreased, with the lowest value reached in Stage V. Results of RNA-seq revealed dynamic changes in the ovarian transcriptome during development, with extensive changes taking place from Stage I to Stage II and Stage IV to Stage V. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that metabolic pathway, lysosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, purine metabolism and phagosome were the main enriched pathways. The above results provide a framework for understanding the biochemical and transcriptome dynamics during <em>P. carinicauda</em> ovarian development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Methods in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"B.G. Borowiec ,&nbsp;W. Joyce ,&nbsp;C.N. Glover","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of air exposure time on tissue morphology, energy metabolism, and non-specific immunity of the juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Aoxi Zhao ,&nbsp;Qinyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Sun ,&nbsp;Yongxu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of aerial exposure duration (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) on the juvenile Chinese mitten crab, <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>. The effects on histological structure, energy metabolism, non-specific immunity, and expression of cytochrome P450 (<em>CYP2</em>) and protein kinase B (<em>AKT</em>) genes in the anterior gill and hepatopancreas were analyzed. Longer durations of air exposure led to loss of anterior gill filament shape, and enlargement and deformation of the hepatopancreatic tubules with vacuolization. Pyruvate kinase activity in the hemolymph peaked, and was the lowest in the anterior gill, at 72 h. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactic acid content in the hemolymph and anterior gills peaked at 72 h of air exposure. Triglyceride content in hemolymph and anterior gill first increased, then decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased in the hemolymph but initially increased and then decreased in the hepatopancreas, peaking at 24 h. Hemolymph and hepatopancreas acid phosphatase activity peaked at 48 h and in these same tissues lysozyme activity declined with prolonged air exposure. The relative expression of <em>CYP2</em> and <em>AKT</em> increased during exposure to air in both gill and hepatopancreas. Air exposure exceeding 48 h may affect tissue morphology, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and immunity of juvenile <em>E. sinensis</em>. Juvenile crabs alter their energy utilization, antioxidant, and metabolic capacities to acclimate to air exposure stress. Therefore, the air exposure time for juvenile <em>E. sinensis</em> should be limited to 48 h during transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"278 ","pages":"Article 111090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}