{"title":"[Evolution of plant mating systems in the face of global change].","authors":"Pierre-Olivier Cheptou","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.160","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond species extinction, it is likely that global change modifies selection regimes in natural populations. Whereas the classical Darwinian paradigm considers evolution as a slow process, it is now accepted that populations can evolve rapidly, in a few dozen generations. Plant-pollinator relationship is a central relationship in terrestrial ecosystems and the current pollinator decline can potentially disrupt this relationship. In this paper, we explore the possibility that reproductive systems in plants evolve in the face of pollinator decline. Using the case of a recent resurrection ecology study in Viola arvensis, the field pansy, we show that the evolution of a self-fertilization syndrome, and thus the breakdown of the plant-pollinator interaction, is in progress. Beyond the species itself, the evolution of reproductive regimes in plants involves relationships between species (pollinators and higher trophic levels). Thus, this example illustrates that global change is likely to affect biodiversity at different scales: from populations (Darwinian evolution) to ecosystem functions (relationships between species). This study shows that evolutionary processes modify the functioning of ecological systems and, where applicable, the related ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dangerous biology of pathogenic germs.","authors":"Patrick Berche","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.157","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The convergence of biotechnologies with other disciplines, including computer science and Artificial Intelligence (AI), may make it possible to carry out dangerous genetic manipulations on pathogenic germs, as the gain-of-function experiments exacerbating virulence, as those carried out on myxoviruses and coronaviruses. Moreover, it is now possible to chemically synthesise any microorganism from in silico sequences, including the most dangerous viruses (poxviruses, Ebola, etc.), whose sequences are accessible. It might even be possible to use AI to design new germs that could be used as biological weapons.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shedding light on the unseen: how live imaging of translation could unlock new insights in developmental biology.","authors":"Jeremy Dufourt, Maelle Bellec","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.158","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in live imaging technologies have refined our understanding of protein synthesis in living cells. Among the various approaches to live imaging of translation, this perspective highlights the use of antibody-based nascent peptide detection, a method that enables visualization of single-molecule translation in vivo. We examine how these advances improve our understanding of biological processes, particularly in developing organisms. In addition, we discuss technological advances in this field and suggest further improvements. Finally, we review some examples of how this method could lead to future scientific breakthroughs in the study of translation and its regulation in whole organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribute to Roger Guillemin, a pioneer in neuroendocrinology (1924-2024), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.","authors":"Christiane Mougin, Jean Rossier, Bertrand Bloch","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.156","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roger Guillemin discovered and characterized the hypothalamic factors that control anterior pituitary functions. He consequently demonstrated that these brain peptides regulate a large number of major body activities through neuroendocrine mechanisms. This especially include growth, fertility and reproduction, endocrine gland functions and stress. These seminal works paved the way to major applications in many fields of physiology and medicine for diagnosis, pharmacology and therapy, far beyond the initial discovery and properties of these molecules, including in cancerology, immunology, inflammation, drug addiction and behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emeline Boët, Estelle Saland, Sarah Skuli, Emmanuel Griessinger, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
{"title":"[<i>Mitohormesis</i>: a key driver of the therapy resistance in cancer cells].","authors":"Emeline Boët, Estelle Saland, Sarah Skuli, Emmanuel Griessinger, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of literature highlights the importance of energy metabolism in the response of haematological malignancies to therapy. In this review, we are particularly interested in acute myeloid leukaemia, where mitochondrial metabolism plays a key role in response and resistance to treatment. We describe the new concept of mitohormesis in the response to therapy-induced stress and in the initiation of relapse in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the maternal inheritance transmitted by the oocyte to its progeny.","authors":"Marie-Hélène Verlhac","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.155","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fertility is declining worldwide and many couples are turning towards assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to conceive babies. Organisms that propagate via sexual reproduction often come from the fusion between two gametes, an oocyte and a sperm, whose qualities seem to be decreasing in the human species. Interestingly, while the sperm mostly transmits its haploid genome, the oocyte transmits not only its haploid set of chromosomes but also its huge cytoplasm to its progeny. This is what can be defined as the maternal inheritance composed of chromosomes, organelles, lipids, metabolites, proteins and RNAs. To decipher the decline in oocyte quality, it is essential to explore the nature of the maternal inheritance, and therefore study the last stages of murine oogenesis, namely the end of oocyte growth followed by the two meiotic divisions. These divisions are extremely asymmetric in terms of the size of the daughter cells, allowing to preserve the maternal inheritance accumulated during oocyte growth within these huge cells to support early embryo development. Studies performed in Marie-Hélène Verlhac's lab have allowed to discover the unprecedented impact of original acto-myosin based mechanisms in the constitution as well as the preservation of this maternal inheritance and the consequences when these processes go awry.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular complexity of quantitative immunity in plants: from QTL mapping to functional and systems biology.","authors":"Carine Chauveau, Dominique Roby","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In nature, plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating an arsenal of defense mechanisms. During the last decades, work mainly focused on the understanding of qualitative disease resistance mediated by a few genes conferring an almost complete resistance, while quantitative disease resistance (QDR) remains poorly understood despite the fact that it represents the predominant and more durable form of resistance in natural populations and crops. Here, we review our past and present work on the dissection of the complex mechanisms underlying QDR in Arabidopsis thaliana. The strategies, main steps and challenges of our studies related to one atypical QDR gene, RKS1 (Resistance related KinaSe 1), are presented. First, from genetic analyses by QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) mapping and GWAs (Genome Wide Association studies), the identification, cloning and functional analysis of this gene have been used as a starting point for the exploration of the multiple and coordinated pathways acting together to mount the QDR response dependent on RKS1. Identification of RKS1 protein interactors and complexes was a first step, systems biology and reconstruction of protein networks were then used to decipher the molecular roadmap to the immune responses controlled by RKS1. Finally, exploration of the potential impact of key components of the RKS1-dependent gene network on leaf microbiota offers interesting and challenging perspectives to decipher how the plant immune systems interact with the microbial communities' systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[What Charles Darwin owed to Joseph Banks].","authors":"Hervé Le Guyader","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>History has remembered Joseph Banks as the explorer-botanist of the first voyage of James Cook. Yet, shortly after his return, he got elected president of the Royal Society and, for over 40 years, he then played in Great Britain an eminent role in reorganizing natural sciences and advocating an \"economic botany\". He actively intervened in acclimatization and varietal selection of plants and animals in Great Britain as in the future English colonies. Thus he built an intellectual environment which will promote the emergence of Charles Darwin's thoughts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"347 ","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Messenger RNA in differentiating muscle cells-my experience in François Gros' lab in the 1970s and 80s.","authors":"Margaret Buckingham","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.132","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I joined François Gros' laboratory as a postdoc at the end of 1971 and continued working with him as a research scientist until 1987, when I became an independent group leader at the Institut Pasteur. In the early 1970s, it was the beginning of research in his lab on muscle cell differentiation, as a model eukaryotic system for studying mRNAs and gene regulation. In this article, I recount our work on myogenesis and mention the other research themes in his lab and the people concerned. I remained in close contact with François and pay tribute to him as a major figure in French science and as my personal mentor who provided me with constant support.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":" ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[François Gros, Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences].","authors":"Jean-François Bach","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.144","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>François Gros was Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences from 1991 to 2000. His immense scientific knowledge, his tireless efforts to develop international relations, particularly with developing countries, and his exceptional personality have greatly contributed to the modernisation and influence of the Academy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":" ","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139563246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}