Computers and Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"A unified numerical framework for the soil and fluid coupling problem considering mixture and separation","authors":"Yunlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately modeling soil–fluid coupling under large deformations is critical for understanding and predicting phenomena such as slope failures, embankment collapses, and other geotechnical hazards. This topic has been studied for decades and remains challenging due to the nonlinear responses of geotechnical structures, which typically result from plastic yielding and finite deformation of the soil skeleton. In this work, we comprehensively summarize the theory involved in the soil–fluid coupling problem. Within a finite strain framework, we employ an elasto-plastic constitutive model with linear hardening to represent the solid skeleton and a nearly incompressible model for water. The water content influences the behavior of the solid skeleton by affecting its cohesion. The governing equations are discretized by material point method and two sets of material points are employed to independently represent solid skeleton and fluid, respectively. The proposed method is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental results for the impact of water on dry soil and wet soil. The capability of the method is further demonstrated through two cases: (1) the impact of a rigid body on saturated soil, causing water seepage, and (2) the filling of a ditch, which considers the erosion of the foundation. This work may provide a versatile tool for analyzing the dynamic responses of fluid and solid interactions, considering both mixing and separation phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of stress-dependent permeability, ramp loading, and non-Darcian flow on the one-dimensional consolidation","authors":"Amit Singh,&nbsp;Himanshu Saurav,&nbsp;Manash Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study has attempted to understand the combined effect of stress-dependent permeability and compressibility on the consolidation of clays subjected to non-Darcian flow and ramp loading. The Crank-Nicolson scheme has been employed to predict the numerical solutions. The solution is analyzed for two hydraulic boundary conditions: pervious top pervious bottom (PTPB) and pervious top impervious bottom (PTIB). The generalized equation is formed by considering the linear variation of the <em>e–</em>log<em>k</em> and <em>e–</em>log σ ׳ curves with exponential and threshold-gradient-based flow laws. The slope of the <em>e–</em>log<em>k</em> appears to be highly influential in governing the dissipation rates. The consolidation curves are produced by varying the loading rates, non-Darcian flow parameters, permeability and compressibility indices, and drainage conditions. The spatial and temporal variation of permeability are plotted to explain the variation in the consolidation curves. The results are validated with the previously published solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypergravity effects on immiscible two-phase displacement processes via CFD simulation and an analytical bi-channel model","authors":"Wenyuan. Wang,&nbsp;Pengfei. Liu,&nbsp;Kexin. Chen,&nbsp;Yunmin. Chen,&nbsp;Bate Bate","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gravity significantly influences two-phase displacement processes in porous media such as enhanced oil recovery and CO2 geological storage, yet its quantitative evaluation has been limited. This study establishes a three-dimensional phase diagram with the third axis as modified bound number (<span><math><mrow><mi>log</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>m</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>), distinguishing two gravity-dominant regions (gravitational fingering and gravitational stable displacement) from viscous fingering, stable displacement, and capillary fingering. The diagram is based on nondimensional analysis of fingering criterion derived from a simplified model that quantifies the effects of gravity, viscous force, and capillary force. A threshold velocity is identified, separating stable displacement from fingering under the competition of gravity and viscous force. Additionally, a series of CFD simulations were conducted in isotropic porous media incorporating<!--> <!-->various gravity and velocity. The simulation results aligned with analytical findings: gravitational effect in the opposite direction as displacement (<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>)</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>) favored the transition from fingering to stable displacement, increased displacement efficiency and facilitated the increasing tendency of injection pressure; while gravitational effect in the same direction as displacement (<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>)</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>) did the opposite. The systematical investigation in this work deepened the understanding of two-phase displacement involving gravity, serving as reference for fluidic manipulation and development of EOR or CO2 storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic characterization of inherent and epistemic geotechnical uncertainty in soil constitutive models using polynomial chaos expansion and monotonic drained triaxial tests","authors":"Francisco Pinto ,&nbsp;César Torres ,&nbsp;Matias Birrell ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Jawad Fayaz ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Astroza","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a probabilistic, uncertainty-informed framework for calibrating advanced soil constitutive models (SCMs), particularly, advanced critical state-based models, to accurately capture uncertainty in soil behavior in geotechnical applications. The proposed framework incorporates Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) metamodels to optimize sensitivity analysis (SA) and enable Bayesian updating of SCM parameters, ensuring precise calibration that addresses inherent and epistemic uncertainties. Additionally, Random Forest (RF) analysis is employed to validate initial statistical assumptions and parameter trends during SA and enhance the robustness in the calibration process. Monotonic drained triaxial tests are used within this framework to calibrate the SANISAND model, an advanced critical state-based SCM for sand, with a focus on Nevada Sand soil due to its significance in geotechnical engineering. The framework estimates parameters’ joint probability density functions (PDFs) from experimental data, providing probabilistic insights into model responses under varying confining pressures and relative densities. By reducing computational demands and integrating uncertainty quantification, this approach offers an efficient and accurate calibration process, improving SCM predictive capability and reliability for use in finite element (FE) analyses. This study demonstrates the framework’s application and validation to Nevada Sand and proposes PDFs with correlation coefficients for the SANISAND model, accelerating its integration in posterior stochastic geotechnical system-level modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107361"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct element modelling of stress wave propagation in rock masses considering asymmetrical loading/unloading behavior of filled fracture: Unique compression-hardening and memory effect","authors":"Jiahu Du ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Huang ,&nbsp;Han Bao ,&nbsp;Weiqi Kang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic loads like seismic and blasting waves, exhibit characteristics such as variable frequency, amplitude, and multiple cycles. These loads can induce cyclic loading and unloading of fractures in rock masses, progressively altering the mechanical properties of the fractures and affecting the propagation of stress waves. However, existing models are unable to capture the above process. Experimental investigations reveal filled fractures’ unique compression-hardening and memory effects under cyclic loading/unloading, characterized by asymmetric loading/unloading behaviors. To capture this characteristic, we developed a modified Barton-Bandis model in UDEC 7.0 that incorporates asymmetric loading/unloading (BBLU), successfully replicating the cyclic loading and unloading behavior of filled fractures. The simulation results of stress wave propagation in fractured rock masses with asymmetric loading/unloading behavior show that compressive stress waves lead to stiffness hardening of the fractures and suppress the attenuation of stress wave frequency. Notably, compression hardening and memory effects retain the stiffness hardening from previous loading/unloading cycles. Under the influence of multi-cycle waves, this results in cumulative deformation, enhancing the transmission capacity of stress waves. In multi-fractured rock masses, stress waves experience multiple reflections at the fractures, where the memory effect reduces the ability of the fractures to reflect stress waves and compresses the wavelength. This dual mechanism weakens the superposition of multiple reflected waves. These findings bridge theoretical models with real-world fracture mechanics, enhancing prediction of wave-driven damage progression and hazard mitigation in underground engineering-particularly under cyclic disturbances and complex fracture networks. This research redefines structural control evaluations for rock mass dynamics under multiparameter interactions, offering transformative insights for engineering safety optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107394"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty propagation analysis of defects-induced leakages through composite liners in landfills","authors":"Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Jian Xie ,&nbsp;Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Liang-Tong Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite liners are widely used in landfills to prevent leachate leakage, yet the presence of defects such as holes and wrinkles in geomembranes (GMs) can significantly compromise their effectiveness. Accurate prediction of leakage through these defects is challenging due to the inherent uncertainties in hydraulic parameters, defect distributions, and their complex interactions. This study presents a comprehensive framework for uncertainty propagation analysis of defects-induced leakages through composite liners, integrating uncertainties in hydraulic parameters, GM hole characteristics, and wrinkle distributions. A stochastic model is developed to assess leakage, accounting for the inherent randomness in hole size, quantity, location, wrinkle spatial distribution, and hydraulic parameters. Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) using Sobol indices is employed to quantify the contributions of various input parameters to the overall uncertainty in leakage predictions. To address the computational demands of the stochastic model, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network is introduced as a surrogate model, significantly reducing computational time while maintaining high predictive accuracy. The proposed framework is validated using data from a landfill site in China, demonstrating reasonable agreement with monitored leakage rates. The results highlight the dominant influence of wrinkle density, hole size, and hydraulic connectivity on leakage uncertainty. The Bi-LSTM model outperforms traditional machine learning approaches, offering a practical and efficient tool for large-scale leakage assessments. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing landfill liner design and improving leakage predictions, contributing to enhanced environmental safety in waste containment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture evolution and anchoring mechanisms in discontinuous rock masses with irregular joints: Discrete element study using a novel damage constitutive model","authors":"Yin-Ge Zhu ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hao Han ,&nbsp;Wei-Guo Qiao ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Ji-Xian Dong ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan-Zhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the mechanism through which irregular undulating joint planes in engineering rock masses are damaged more accurately and reveal their fracture evolution and anchoring mechanism, in this study, discontinuous jointed rock masses with irregular undulating joint planes are designed, samples are produced, a numerical damage constitutive model (based on experimental data, more accurately than ever before) is derived, and discrete element research is performed. The shear test process for discontinuous jointed rock masses without and with anchors is reproduced to compensate for the microscopic fracture mechanism not obtained in the test and to more directly show the crack initiation and propagation process, as well as the changes in mechanical parameters such as stress and displacement in the rock mass fracture process. This study provides an important basis for revealing the mechanism through which rock masses with irregular undulating joint planes are fractured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative strategy for determining the spatial decoupling high-precision artificial boundary range under soil structure interaction","authors":"Hongwei Hou ,&nbsp;Jianbo Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li ,&nbsp;Gao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reasonable determination of high-precision artificial boundary range in soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a critical step for accurately simulating radiation damping condition. Typically, outgoing scattering waves are dissipated by locating the boundary as far from near-field domain as possible. However, the large-scale SSI power response are limited due to the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics, especially the lack of a strategy to quantitatively assess the artificial boundary spatial coupling state. To this end, this study proposes a novel strategy for evaluating the spatial coupling in terms of the mean coupling degree using the relative gain array (RGA), which realizes the automatic determination for artificial boundary spatial decoupling range. The correctness and applicability are verified using the thin layer method (TLM) and the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). Moreover, the artificial boundary spatial decoupling range applicable to the nuclear power structure-soil interaction is discussed, and the feasibility of the spatial partitioning decoupling method for the far-field dynamic stiffness matrix is investigated. The results show that the adopted decoupling method significantly reduces the storage cost while maintaining the calculation accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-dimensional p-y model for piles under multi-directional cyclic loading considering the effects of sand collapse","authors":"Fanhuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Chong Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhao Chen ,&nbsp;Pan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pile foundations are frequently used in the construction of bridges, offshore platforms, and offshore wind turbines, which are often subjected to complex lateral cyclic loading from wind, wave, or current. These lateral loads usually come from different directions or constantly change their direction, which is ignored by most existing calculation models. A two-dimensional <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> model is proposed in this study for the lateral response of the pile subjected to multi-directional cyclic loading in sand. Without introducing additional parameters, the <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> response in two dimensions is coupled by developing the model within the framework of the bounding surface <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> model. Combined with the collapse and recompression model, the effect of sand collapse around the pile during cyclic loading is considered to approach reality. The pile lateral displacement and soil resistance are obtained in incremental form using the finite difference method in the two-dimensional case. By comparing with the model test results, it is demonstrated that the proposed model is able to reasonably predict the lateral cyclic response of the pile as well as the effects of multi-directional cyclic loading. The distribution and variation characteristics of the soil resistance are further discussed by analyzing the results calculated by the proposed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water retention curves of a deformable lean clay under various stress ratios: Emphasizing the pore shape effects","authors":"Qing-yi Mu ,&nbsp;Tian-qi Song ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jian-bing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies on water retention curves (WRCs) of unsaturated soils focus on pore size effects, while knowledge regarding pore shape effects remains limited. This study aims to investigate effects of pore shape on WRCs of a deformable lean clay under various stress ratios. Pressure plate tests were carried out on the specimens prepared by isotropic and one-dimensional compressions (i.e., ISO and 1D). The pore size and pore shape of tested specimens were quantified by microstructure analysis. Results show that stress ratio has a significant impact on WRC, particular for air entry value (AEV). The average AEV of 1D specimen is 15.8% larger than that of ISO specimen, mainly because the pore shape of the former is 9.2% more elongated than that of the latter. Moreover, the difference in AEV between 1D and ISO specimens exhibits a parabolic pattern in relation to void ratio, aligning with the changes in pore shape factor (pore width-to-length ratio). Based on test results, a new WRC model is developed for deformable soils under various stress ratios. Different from previous models, the new model incorporates the evolution of pore shape with respect to void ratio and stress ratio. Six parameters are included in the new model, of which three are the same as those in Gallipoli’s model, while the other three consider pore shape effects under various stress ratios and void ratios. The measured WRCs from this study and the literature were used to validate the new model, demonstrating its good predictive capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}