Computers and Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Propagation characteristics of thermo-elastic waves in saturated frozen soil","authors":"Jingru Xu ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Hongyun Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du ,&nbsp;Lingyue Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current study, a dynamic porous thermo-elastic model for saturated frozen soil was proposed. The kinematic equations, constitutive equations, mass balance equations, and generalized heat conduction equations were derived to realize the thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling of the model. The dispersion equation of thermo-elastic waves in porous media with the consideration of pore-ice was derived. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of thermo-elastic waves in saturated frozen soil were predicted by the proposed model. Good effectiveness and accuracy have been validated by comparing the numerical results of the proposed model and results of the Leclaire-Carcione model in literatures. Finally, a study was conducted to investigate the influence of thermal effects on the wave propagation of bulk waves (P1, P2, P3, S1 and S2 waves) and thermal waves (T waves) in saturated frozen soil was analyzed. It is indicated that the impact of thermal effects on the propagation characteristics of bulk and thermal waves varies significantly across different media. For porous media containing pore-ice, the phase velocity of the P-wave may be overestimated while neglecting thermal effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fully-resolved micromechanical simulation of piping erosion during a suction bucket installation","authors":"Samuel Kemmler ,&nbsp;Pablo Cuéllar ,&nbsp;Antoni Artinov ,&nbsp;Li-Hua Luu ,&nbsp;Abbas Farhat ,&nbsp;Pierre Philippe ,&nbsp;Christoph Rettinger ,&nbsp;Harald Köstler","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granular fluidization phenomena such as piping erosion represent a challenge to the delicate installation process of offshore suction bucket foundations. A detailed analysis of the complex conditions in terms of soil composition, soil state, and foundation installation parameters that may lead to piping can be very demanding, if at all possible, solely by experimental means or using macroscopic continuum-based seabed models. The present paper presents a fully-resolved fluid-coupled micromechanical approach for a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the installation process of a suction bucket using the lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method. The developed model is validated using well-established benchmarks and calibrated by means of experimental data from physical model tests on relevant scenarios focusing on the local fluidization of fixed embedded suction buckets as well as on the suction-driven installation of unrestrained buckets. The qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data both endorse the proposed methodology and highlight the physical soundness of the obtained results. Thereby, the paper shows that three-dimensional analyses of relevant local scenarios at a real scale with little macromechanical model assumptions are feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the evolution of debris flow disaster in tunnels: model testing and numerical simulations","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yelei Chen ,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongchun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-mud inrush disasters in tunnels are prone to occur under high-pressure water-rich conditions in karst, granite alteration zone, jointed fracture dense zone. The debris flow strata have the characteristics of water-sensitive fractured geological structure, which easily lead to hydraulic connectivity, seepage failure and chain instability subjected to tunnelling disturbance. Accordingly, some tunnels have suffered from water-mud inrush disasters during construction in debris flow strata, even under general water level conditions. This research reproduces the evolutionary process of debris flow disaster from seepage failure to catastrophe, and reveals the characteristics of seeping, eroding and piping on the working face by model tests. Furthermore, PFC-CFD coupled numerical simulation in microscopic scale is applied to analyze the partial to overall instability behavior of the working face and the governing influencing factors. Considering the tunnelling disturbance, theoretical formulas for identification of minimum safe thickness of the rock mass in debris flow disaster are established. The results show that: (1) Prior to the occurrence of debris flow disasters, the seepage channel of the rock mass is gradually formed, and seepage holes appear on the working face. With seepage-erosion intensified, the seepage holes expanded, causing partial failure. Following a brief period of stability, the overall failure of the rock mass in front of the working face resulted in the occurrence of debris flow disasters. (2) As the debris flow disaster progresses, there are two mutations in the characteristic values, including those of water flow and kinetic energy. The evolutionary process is divided into three stages: pregnant, latent and occurrence. (3) Material composition and water pressure are the governing influencing factors for the start-up potential of debris flow disasters. When the equivalent friction angle of debris flow strata is reduced from 30° to 26°, the maximum kinetic energy is increased by about 26.7 %. The critical seepage pressure for debris flow disasters is about 0.5 MPa. (4) Subjected to the influence of tunnelling disturbance, the minimum safe thickness will exceed 5.3 m, with a maximum of up to 8.1 m. Qilian Mountain Tunnel has definitively established and implemented the minimum safe thickness of 9 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and analysis of structure failure under fluid-impacting loading using a multi-resolution SPH-PD coupling model","authors":"Ding Chen ,&nbsp;Xuehao Yao ,&nbsp;Qipeng Ma ,&nbsp;Zeyang Yu ,&nbsp;Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Wenxiong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tsunami, as a severe marine disaster, significantly affects the safety of livelihoods and infrastructure in coastal communities. To address the problems of large deformation and fracture in coastal structures under fluid-impacting, as well as the large-scale ratio between the tsunami and the structures, we employ smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and peridynamics (PD) to respectively describe fluid flow and solid structure damage. A disguised ghost particle coupling scheme treating PD particles as virtual particles is adopted to construct the fluid–structure interaction. A non-uniform discrete of SPH method is utilized to solve a large-domain water flow problem, with particles near solid regions smoothly transitioning to a refined distribution. Meanwhile, PD employs an even more refined particle discretization approach. Considering the different stable computational time steps for solids and fluids in explicit time integration, a coupled time-integration scheme for fluid–structure interaction that allows for different time steps is proposed. Based on these algorithms, the efficacy and correctness of SPH-PD in simulating the impact of tsunami on solid structure is validated through a series of numerical examples. These examples include the failure analysis of fluid–structure-foundation interaction, the convergence analysis of tsunami impacting pressures, and the failure analysis of solid structures by fluid–structure-foundation interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the stability of pressure-sensitive non-associated plasticity","authors":"Paul Hofer ,&nbsp;Matthias Neuner ,&nbsp;Günter Hofstetter","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stability issues related to non-associated plastic flow still present an often overlooked cause for numerical difficulties in finite element simulations of cohesive-frictional materials. Despite their significance, only few examples with analytical solutions exist that clearly illustrate the nature of the problem. In this note, we extend the existing literature by deriving a novel closed-form analytical solution for the elastoplastic behavior of non-associated Drucker-Prager plasticity subjected to oedometric extension. Moreover, we demonstrate that structural softening can arise even though material softening is not encompassed by the perfectly plastic model. By means of stability analysis based on the acoustic tensor criterion, we show that structural softening is concomitant with the loss of ellipticity of the governing rate equilibrium equations. The obtained results are illustrated through a numerical experiment, which highlights the encountered numerical difficulties, including non-objectivity of the obtained results and snap-back behavior. By means of this strikingly simple example, we aim to raise awareness about the peculiarities of non-associated plasticity among researchers, students and practitioners of geotechnical engineering alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of critical state theory into a micromechanical model for granular materials accounting for fabric evolution","authors":"Hai-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Gu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin ,&nbsp;Chao-Fa Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In geotechnical engineering, the development of efficient and accurate constitutive models for granular soils is crucial. The micromechanical models have gained much attention for their capacity to account for particle-scale interactions and fabric anisotropy, while requiring far less computational resources compared to discrete element method. Various micromechanical models have been proposed in the literature, but none of them have been conclusively shown to agree with the critical state theory given theoretical proof, despite the authors described that their models “approximately” reach the critical state. This paper modifies the previous CHY micromechanical model that is compatible with the critical state theory based on the assumption that the microscopic force–dilatancy relationship should align with the macroscopic stress–dilatancy relationship. Moreover, under the framework of the CHY model, the fabric anisotropy can be easily considered and the anisotropic critical state can be achieved with the introduction of the fabric evolution law. The model is calibrated using drained and undrained triaxial experiments and the results show that the model reliably replicates the mechanical behaviors of granular materials under both drained and undrained conditions. The compatibility of the model with the critical state theory is verified at both macroscopic and microscopic scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior and mechanisms behind PVA modified expansive soil","authors":"Weiwei Niu ,&nbsp;Ali Zaoui ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expansive soil, characterized by significant swelling-shrinkage behavior, is prone to cracking under wet-dry cycles, severely compromising engineering stability. This study combines experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches to systematically investigate the improvement effects and micro-mechanisms of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on expansive soil. First, direct shear tests were conducted to analyze the effects of PVA content (0 %–4 %) and moisture content (30 %–50 %) on the shear strength, cohesive force, and internal friction angle of modified soil. Results show that PVA significantly enhances soil cohesive force, with optimal improvement achieved at 3 % PVA content. Second, wet-dry cycle experiments revealed that PVA effectively suppresses crack propagation by improving tensile strength and water retention. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations uncovered the distribution of PVA between montmorillonite (MMT) layers and its influence on interfacial friction behavior. The simulations demonstrated that PVA forms hydrogen bonding networks, enhancing interlayer interactions and frictional resistance. The improved mechanical performance of PVA-modified soil is attributed to both nanoscale bonding effects and macroscale structural reinforcement. This study provides theoretical insights and technical support for expansive soil stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure Mechanisms of Granite in Deep Underground Caverns Influenced by Rock Veins: Insights from DEM-FDM Cross-Scale Coupling and Moment Tensor Analysis","authors":"Xiu-Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Ding-Ping Xu ,&nbsp;Quan Jiang ,&nbsp;Shao-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Kang Bian ,&nbsp;Shi-Li Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granite, due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, is often used as an ideal medium for the construction of deep underground caverns. However, randomly intruding rock veins can weaken the integrity and mechanical properties of the granite surrounding rock mass, posing a threat to the safe construction of underground engineering. To better understand the mesoscopic failure mechanisms of granite in the Shuangjiangkou (SJK) underground caverns influenced by rock veins, this study employs a coupled Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM). It also integrates embedded moment tensor theory to conduct cross-scale simulation analysis of the underground caverns. The macroscopic field failure of SJK granite is interpreted through the microscopic cracking of minerals and the distribution characteristics of Acoustic Emission (AE) energy. A procedure is proposed that uses the nanoindentation test and the brittle spalling depth formula to assist in calibrating mesoscopic parameters and cross-scale parameters, respectively. Then, based on the moment tensor theory and micro-crack statistics, the mesoscopic cracking characteristics, source mechanisms, and AE energy distribution of surrounding rock mass with different degrees of rock vein exposure are explored. Finally, the treatment measures of SJK granite with corresponding failure phenomena are given from the inspiration of DEM-FDM cross-scale coupling and moment tensor analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat conduction and fracture mechanism of jointed granite: Insight from a fully coupled Thermo-Mechanical DEM model","authors":"Jian Ma,&nbsp;Zheng-Wei Li,&nbsp;Hai-Xi Wang,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Song,&nbsp;Ming-Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to more accurately describe the fracture development of jointed rock masses under the influence of temperature and stress, an improved thermal pipe model (ITPM) that accounts for particles’ gap, external stress, existing joints, newly generated micro-fractures, and the temperature-dependence of thermal resistance was developed. The ITPM served as the foundation for developing a fully coupled thermo-mechanical Discrete Element Method (DEM) model. The effectiveness of the model was verified through physical model experiments involving borehole heating of both intact and jointed granite specimens. The thermo-mechanical coupling behavior and thermally induced fracture mechanisms of granite were investigated. It is found that the existing joints impede the outward conduction of heat from the heat source, resulting in a heat accumulation effect that accelerates fracture initiation and increases the number of new fractures. These fractures further intensify the heat accumulation effect, thereby exacerbating fracture development. Furthermore, heat conduction is fastest along the maximum principal stress direction, guiding thermal fracture development. In addition, the study explores the combined effects of stress and joints on heat conduction and thermal fracturing, offering valuable insights for addressing thermo-mechanical coupling challenges in underground rock, such as high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidation-induced solute transport in an unsaturated porous medium with depth-dependent properties","authors":"Bolin Wang ,&nbsp;Dong-Sheng Jeng","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies on solute transport in unsaturated porous media under soil consolidation often used simplified models with constant hydraulic conductivity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and shear modulus (<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span>), overlooking depth-dependent heterogeneity. To address potential bias in solute concentration estimates, this study develops a numerical model incorporating <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> with both deterministic and stochastic distributions. By coupling consolidation mechanics with solute migration, the model reveals how depth-dependent heterogeneity shapes solute pathways. The results indicate that <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> affects both pressure dissipation and solute migration by shaping drainage and flow patterns, while <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> increases soil stiffness, reducing deformation and pressure gradients, which in turn suppresses solute transport. Deterministic profiles, such as exponential and linear variations, lead to predictable transport patterns, whereas stochastic distributions introduce localised heterogeneities that significantly alter solute behaviour. This study advances the understanding of coupled consolidation–transport in heterogeneous soils and provides a flexible framework for modelling complex subsurface processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}