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{"title":"Contribution of metabolic and physiological research for future conservation efforts of Himantoglossum Spreng. (Orchidaceae) species","authors":"Erdi Can Aytar , Alper Durmaz , Demet İncedere Uysal , Bengisu Şentürk , İnes Harzli , Taşkın Basılı , Yasemin Özdener Kömpe , İsmail Gökhan Deniz","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and chemical compositions of seeds from five <em>Himantoglossum</em> (<em>Himantoglossum calcaratum</em> (Beck) Schltr., <em>Himantoglossum caprinum</em> (M.Bieb.) Spreng., <em>Himantoglossum comperianum</em> (Steven) P.Delforge, <em>Himantoglossum montis-tauri</em> Kreutz & W.Lüders and <em>Himantoglossum robertianum</em> (Loisel.) P.Delforge) species. <em>Himantoglossum</em> Spreng. is a unique genus of orchids found mostly in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. It includes around 9 recognised species, although this number may change with further research. These orchids typically grow in Mediterranean areas, favouring calcareous soils. They are often found in open woodlands, grasslands, and scrublands. <em>Himantoglossum</em> species are easily recognised by their large, uniquely shaped central petals (lip), which give the flowers a striking appearance. The flowers are usually a mix of purple, pink, and white colours designed to attract various pollinators. Key features of this genus include their long flower racemes and petals that twist or spiral, setting them apart from other orchids. Each species group consisted of fifty seeds, which underwent size, embryo dimensions, and chemical composition analyses. Chemical analyses were conducted to identify the characteristic chemical compounds in the studied <em>Himantoglossum</em> taxa and to compare these compounds with those found in closely related species. These analyses aim to provide a deeper understanding of the chemical profiles of each taxon, offering valuable data to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. By highlighting species-specific chemical markers, the study seeks to strengthen the taxonomic distinctions between species and contribute to a more precise and reliable classification within the genus. Infrared spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis were used for these analyses. The infrared spectroscopy results showed that seeds from <em>Himantoglossum</em> species exhibited overall similarities, but variations in absorbance values were observed at specific wavelengths. Notably, <em>H. montis-tauri</em> exhibited distinct characteristics compared to other species. Furthermore, GC-MS analyses revealed differences in chemical composition among the species. Each species contained specific chemical compounds, accounting for observed variations. <em>H. robertianum</em> contained unique compounds, such as methoxyacetic acid benzyl ester (0.25%), <em>H. caprinum</em> contained diethyl phthalate (0.75%), <em>H. comperianum</em> had trimethylsilyl methaneperoxoate (3.29%), hydrazinecarbothioamide (1.93%), 2-methyl eicosane (0.26%), cyclosativene (0.53%), and octadecenoic acid methyl ester (0.50%). Meanwhile<em>, H. montis-tauri</em> contained specific compounds, including dimethoxymethyl silane (2.34%), hydracrylic acid hydrazide (1.93%), β-longipinene (1.42%), and 3-butoxy-1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3,5,5-tris(trimethylsilo","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and productivity responses of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) under large trees in a South African savanna","authors":"Piet Monegi","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While herbaceous productivity typically decreases as woody plants become more abundant, there have also been reports of positive feedback, especially from single-standing larger woody species. The shade-tolerant and nitrophilous grass, <em>Panicum maximum</em> (Jacq) has been documented to colonise and flourish under tree canopies, especially large trees. However, information is lacking about the impact of large trees on <em>P. maximum</em> morphological and productivity responses under woody species with different functional traits (i.e. N-fixing ability) and canopy architectures. This study aimed to 1) evaluate the impact of large trees on morphological characteristics and biomass production of <em>P. maximum</em>, 2) determine the effect of deciduous vs non-deciduous trees on <em>P. maximum</em> morphological dynamics and production, and 3) to establish if functional qualities such as N-fixing ability modulate <em>P. maximum</em> responses under leguminous trees over two growing seasons (January 2022 and 2023). The study findings showed that <em>P. maximum</em> plants growing outside tree canopies had a significantly greater number of tillers and tuft sizes compared to the ones growing under tree canopies. No significant differences were found on <em>P. maximum</em> plant height among the microsites. However, <em>P. maximum</em> plant's vegetative height, leaf sizes and biomass production were enhanced under tree canopies. Additionally, the inflorescence length and the percentage of reproductive tillers of <em>P. maximum</em> plants recorded under <em>Searsia lancea</em> (evergreen tree) canopies were substantially reduced. The study findings demonstrated that structural changes created by the expansion and establishment of woody species do not only modify the micro-environment but can also influence the growth and development of both vegetative and reproductive parts of understory grasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of morphological and molecular studies on taxonomic treatment of Acer L. spp. and some selected taxa of Sapindaceae Juss. s.l.","authors":"Mohamed A. Salim (Associate professor),&nbsp;Mariam I. Hussein (Lecturer),&nbsp;Nareman K. Hosney (Lecturer)","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of Sapindaceae has a great conflict among different classification systems, due to the close relationship with Aceraceae. Many recent studies nested the <em>Acer</em> within Sapindaceae based on morphological and molecular criteria. This study aims to assess the potentiality of macro-, micro-morphological as well as molecular criteria (ScoT analysis) for clarifying the taxonomic position of the two <em>Acer</em> species in relation to Sapindaceae s<em>.</em>s<em>.. Acer oblongum</em> &amp; <em>A. negundo</em> in addition to 12 taxa of Sapindaceae were collected to investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of stem, petiole &amp; lamina as well as the genetic diversity based on SCoT polymorphism. These data were numerically analyzed using UPGMA clustering methods. The habit, leaf composition, laticifers, and vascular supply specially of petiole and mesophyll types were considered diagnostic at generic and specific levels and support the alliance between the two <em>Acer</em> species and the remaining taxa of Sapindaceae. The resulting dendrogram from the combined anatomical and molecular data showed that; the two <em>Acer</em> species are closely related to the remaining studied taxa. This result encourages the placement of <em>Acer</em> in a distinct subfamily within Sapindaceae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143195514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The species-specific relationship of leaf mass per area components to light and moisture","authors":"Rüdiger Knösche","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to investigate at the interspecific level to what extent the number of mesophyll cell layers and the leaf dry mass content (LDMC) – key determinants of leaf mass per area (LMA) – adapt to the ambient light and habitat moisture preferred by the species. The number of mesophyll cell layers was indirectly characterised by the quotient of thickness of chlorophyll-bearing mesophyll (Mth) and the anticlinal length of the mesophyll cells (aMCL). The leaves of 131 species from forests and acidic dry grasslands were sampled in the Federal State of Brandenburg in north-eastern Germany. Their light and moisture preferences were characterised using the light and moisture indicator values of Tichý et al. (2023), their geobotanical distribution within terrestrial plant communities arranged along a gradient of community-weighted mean light values and their classification according to preferences for forests and open land (Schmidt et al., 2002). The Mth/aMCL ratios correlated significantly and positively with increasing light levels and negatively with increasing habitat moisture. However, the variability of these relationships was high.</div><div>The water relations of the entire plant may differ from those of the leaves, for example due to deep roots. Therefore, LDMC was used to characterise water relations, especially of the leaves. The Mth/aMCL ratio did not correlate with LDMC. The study of light-loving species with known root system data showed that variation in rooting depth and the avoidance of dry periods influenced LDMC but not the Mth/aMCL ratio. This difference in the relationships of the Mth/aMCL ratio to light and moisture, in addition to the high variability in its correlation with light, suggests that the effects of light or moisture on LMA – commonly measured in ecological studies – should be viewed with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) seedlings maintain growth but weaken their stem under experimental flooding conditions","authors":"Jane Rodrigues da Silva ,&nbsp;Fernanda Polli Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Alexandre Guillon Valdez Monteiro ,&nbsp;Augusto Cesar de Aquino Ribas ,&nbsp;Zildamara dos Reis Holsback ,&nbsp;Edna Scremin-Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding is a frequent event in the development of seedlings in riparian forests and adjacent areas. Once flooded, seedlings can develop a broad range of morphoanatomical changes that enable their growth and survive in hypoxic soil. With flooding events increasing in frequency worldwide, understanding the response of seedlings to flooding is an essential issue in the management and restoration of flooding prone areas. Here, we investigated the effects of flooding on the growth rate, biomass, morphoanatomy and secondary xylem anatomical traits of 110-day-old <em>Hymenaea courbaril</em> L. (Fabaceae) seedlings. We maintained the seedlings for 70 days in a recirculating and stagnant water treatment. We applied linear models to verify the effects of flooding on the growth rate, biomass and stem secondary xylem anatomical traits. Flooded seedlings had similar growth rates and stem and leaf dry biomass to those of non-flooded seedlings. In addition, flooded seedlings had lower root biomass and secondary xylem with narrower vessels with thinner cell walls in a higher density, shorter vessel elements, thinner fibre walls, a lower vessels and fibres fraction and a higher axial parenchyma fraction than non-flooded seedlings. Our results showed that <em>H. courbaril</em> seedlings are tolerant to flooding, maintaining their growth rate and aboveground biomass under hypoxic soil. Experimental flooding induced the development of a secondary xylem for more secure water supply, but with lower mechanical support potential, resulting in the seedlings more susceptible to stem breakage and decay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pappus morphology and heterocarpy in Stevia (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae): A systematic study of cypselae diversity and geographic distribution","authors":"Juan F. Rodríguez-Cravero ,&nbsp;Gabriela Cisterna ,&nbsp;Mariana A. Grossi ,&nbsp;Diego G. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Stevia</em> (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) is widely distributed across the Americas and exhibits remarkable diversity in cypsela morphology and pappus structure. The variation in pappus types, including both homocarpic and heterocarpic species, plays a critical role in species delimitation within the genus. In this study, we investigate the morphology of cypselae and pappus across a diverse sample of <em>Stevia</em> species, emphasizing the systematic significance of pappus variation. Species were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy, focusing on key traits such as pappus structure, the presence of heterocarpy, and the arrangement of cypselae within the capitulum. Eight distinct pappus types were identified and described as fundamental morphological patterns. Additionally, species distribution maps are provided to illustrate the geographical patterns associated with these pappus types. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of morphological diversity within <em>Stevia</em> and underscore the importance of pappus variation in species identification and taxonomic classification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 152670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of two forms of the CRENATE (Pooideae Benth.) phytolith morphotype and their potential for environmental reconstructions","authors":"Marina Solomonova ,&nbsp;Mikhail Blinnikov ,&nbsp;Natalya Speranskaya ,&nbsp;Alena Lyashchenko ,&nbsp;Sergey Kotov ,&nbsp;Natalya Elesova ,&nbsp;Maksim Borisenko ,&nbsp;Marina Silantyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The separation of two forms of <span>Crenate</span> phytoliths from the epidermal short cells of Pooideae subfamily is proposed here for the first time, based on vegetation composition and climatic data. We examined 210 topsoil samples from 70 vegetation plots in about 12 plant communities from the Russian Altai mountains to detect differences in the frequencies of occurrence of <span>Crenate sinuate</span> (CRE_SIN) and C<span>renate lobate</span> (CRE_LOB) submorphotypes. A ratio of the frequencies of these two phytoliths (s/l) is proposed. We clarified the difference between C<span>renate sinuate</span> and C<span>renate lobate</span> using morphometry of two target grass species. C<span>renate lobate</span> has been studied in the leaves of <em>Dactylis glomerata</em> L. C<span>renate sinuate</span> has been studied in the leaves of <em>Koeleria cristata</em> L. Our study has shown that the frequencies of CRE_SIN, CRE_LOB and s/l ratio depend on the temperature of the coldest and warmest months of the year and the amount of annual precipitation. When counting <span>Crenate</span> as a single morphotype, however, the relationship with climate variables is much weaker. Two submorphotypes have different associations with moisture conditions. Morphometric studies of CRE_SIN and CRE_LOB and data analysis revealed that the most important parameters for separating these two morphotypes are aspect ratio, elongation, convexity and solidity. Distinction between these two morphotypes may aid paleoenvironmental and ecological research in the temperate regions of the world, where <span>Crenate</span> phytoliths of Pooideae are very common.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 152646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heteroblasty in Conchocarpus heterophyllus (A.St.-Hil.) Kallunki & Pirani (Rutaceae): An approach of leaf development from the unifoliolate leaves","authors":"Carlos E.V. Raymundo,&nbsp;José R. Pirani,&nbsp;Gladys F.A. Melo-de-Pinna","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heteroblasty is a phenomenon marked by abrupt changes in the development of organs of certain species. In our research on <em>Conchocarpus heterophyllus</em>, a shrub with palmately arranged leaflets ranging from 3(4) to 5(<strong>–</strong>7), we observed significant variations in leaf patterns between seedlings, young plants, and plants in the reproductive phase, indicating transition events during plant development. The focus of this study is to thoroughly investigate these events of heteroblasty and heterophylly in <em>C. heterophyllus</em>, with new evidence of the unifoliolate condition in Rutaceae. Morphological and anatomical observations were conducted from mature leaves of individuals at different stages of development<em>.</em> The results show that the heteroblasty in <em>C. heterophyllus</em> is marked by changes in leaf patterns across three stages. In stage 1, seedlings exclusively produce unifoliolate leaves from the first foliage leaf. After the eighth to tenth node from the cotyledons, heterophylly becomes evident with the emergence of leaves containing 2<strong>–</strong>3 leaflets, in addition to unifoliolate leaves, characterizing the second stage. The third stage is defined by the onset of the reproductive phase, marked by the presence of inflorescences. In this stage, the leaf complexity varies, with the number of leaflets ranging from 2 to 5, and unifoliolate leaves are lacking. Furthermore, our study identified the occurrence of vascular traces of leaflets in the swollen region located at the apex of the petiole of all unifoliolate leaves, occurring in stages 1 and 2. These vascular traces are interpreted as remnants of the lost lateral leaflets in unifoliolate leaves and represent novel evidence of this special condition in compound leaves. Heteroblasty in <em>C. heterophyllus</em> is a genetically controlled phenomenon, and consequently, prospective investigations involving microRNAs, particularly microRNAs 156 and 172, have the potential to provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the transition between different phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 152645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioclimatic variables affect seed mass and seedling traits of four Gymnocalycium (Cactaceae) species along elevational gradients","authors":"Karen Bauk ,&nbsp;Nicola Rossi ,&nbsp;Diego E. Gurvich ,&nbsp;M. Laura Las Peñas","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differences in climatic factors associated with elevation can lead to natural selection for local adaptation in species with a wide distribution range, with some regenerative characteristics changing along the gradient. Most Cactaceae species occur in heterogeneous environments, mainly in mountains. The increasing severity of environmental conditions along elevational gradients could affect seed size, influencing seedling growth. The main aims of the study were to analyse whether seed mass, and seedling size and shape are related to elevational gradients in different populations of four species of the genus <em>Gymnocalycium</em> and to evaluate the relationship between seed mass and bioclimatic variables. Populations of four species of <em>Gymnocalycium</em> (<em>G. andreae, G. erinaceum, G. monvillei</em> and <em>G. mostii</em>) were sampled; the populations were located along three different elevation gradients, with each population corresponding to an elevational class (extremes and intermediate sites). At each elevational site, mature fruits were collected and seed mass and seedling traits were measured. A shape index was calculated by dividing height by width. A value of 1 represents 'globose' seedlings, while increasing values indicate that the seedlings become 'columnar'. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to analyse the relationship between seed mass and seedling size variables. Linear models were used to analyse seed size and seedling shape. First, with elevation as a predictor and then for seed mass, the 19 bioclimatic variables were extracted from WorldClim. The results show that seed mass was positively correlated with seedling shape index, and with seedling height and width. Differences in seed mass among populations were explained by the species and the gradient where they lived, as well as by the environmental variables mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the wettest month, and precipitation of the driest month. In conclusion, the intraspecific analyses of the four <em>Gymnocalycium</em> species revealed that the seedling shape patterns were similar across all species in relation to elevation. However, seed mass varied with elevation differently for each species. These findings suggest that each species possesses unique characteristics that enable them to thrive in varying climatic conditions along elevational gradients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 152643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosystematics studies of endemic Thlaspi violascens Boiss. and T. densiflorum Boiss. & Kotschy: Highlights on molecular and morphological identification","authors":"Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu ,&nbsp;Vahap Eldem ,&nbsp;Behcet İnal ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Balcı","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on differentiating the endemic species <em>Thlaspi violascens</em> and <em>T. densiflorum</em>, which exhibit similar macromorphological characteristics and population appearances with utilizing molecular, anatomical, and micromorphological methods. The complete chloroplast genomes of both species have been sequenced for the first time using next-generation sequencing technologies, allowing for high-resolution analysis of their phylogenetic relationships. The isolated chloroplast genomes measure 152,693 base pairs for <em>T. violascens</em> and 152,718 base pairs for <em>T. densiflorum</em>. Phylogenetic analysis shows that species within the <em>Thlaspi</em> genus are monophyletically distinct from other genera. Although the average nucleotide diversity between the two species is low, whole-genome sequencing-based Skmer analysis has successfully enabled high-resolution species-level discrimination. Anatomically, the two species differ in several aspects, including the type of petiole tip, abaxial surface outline, epidermal cell size and layer count, petiole thickness, vascular bundle number, midrib lobes, mesophyll cell types, and collenchyma layer count. Micromorphological differences are also evident in the primary structures of the anther and ovary, as well as the secondary structures of the sepal and style. Overall, the study concludes that chloroplast genome data, petiolar anatomical features, and floral micromorphological traits can effectively distinguish between <em>T. violascens</em> and <em>T. densiflorum.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 152644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}