Flora最新文献

{"title":"From the Iranian Plateau into the heart of the Eurasian steppe belt: The phylogeography of Sisymbrium polymorphum (Brassicaceae)","authors":"Anže Žerdoner Čalasan ,&nbsp;Herbert Hurka ,&nbsp;Dmitry A. German ,&nbsp;Sergey V. Smirnov ,&nbsp;Nikolai Friesen ,&nbsp;Barbara Neuffer","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eurasian steppe belt is the largest grassland region in the world. The flora of this belt varies greatly between its regions, and its individual elements have different spatiotemporal evolutionary histories. The main aim of this study was to investigate the phylogeographic pattern of a prominent plant steppe element. We genetically characterized 136 accessions of <em>Sisymbrium polymorphum</em> collected from field and herbarium surveys using a multi-locus approach. We dated the resulting phylogenetic trees and employed rooted TCS network methods to estimate the evolutionary history of individual genetic markers. The majority of haplo- and ribotypes showed restricted geographic distributions. Stem age of <em>S. polymorphum</em> was estimated to be in the early Pliocene, while its crown age was estimated to be in the late Pliocene. We hypothesize that this plant was introduced to the Eurasian steppe belt through the Kopet Dagh mountain chain over the Turanian lowlands via multiple migration events. Time frame along the migration route was limited by the retreat of the Paratethys at the end of the Pliocene and the Akchagyl transgression of the Caspian Sea at the beginning of the Pleistocene. No additional evidence was found to suggest any further migration events occurred. The Akchagyl transgression acted as a physiogeographical barrier in two ways. Firstly, it restricted the time window for immigration from the Iranian Plateau into the Eurasian steppe, and secondly, it temporarily blocked intra-steppe migration routes between the western and eastern parts of the Eurasian steppe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic and biochemical analyses reveal heavy metals tolerance mechanisms in Amaranthus retroflexus L.","authors":"Emad Alsherif ,&nbsp;Mohammad K. Okla ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Alaraidh ,&nbsp;Yahya B. Elbadawi ,&nbsp;Amal Mohamed AlGarawi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi ,&nbsp;Carmine Crecchio ,&nbsp;Hamaada AbdElgawad","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most prevalent plant species in the contaminated area around a sewage dumping lake at Khulais (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) in the Arabian desert eco-region was found to be <em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> L. This plant has the capacity to bioaccumulate and bioremediate heavy metals. The current study, therefore, aimed at investigating the plant's defense mechanisms by conducting metabolic and biochemical assessments. To this end, <em>A. retroflexus</em> plants were collected from the sewage dumping lake of Khulais, across five sites at varying distances from the lake, each exhibiting different level of heavy metal. The results indicated an increase in antioxidant defense system emerged as a protection strategy for A. retroflexus plants against soil contaminations. This, for instance, included the increased synthesis of polyamines (e.g., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine by +9–63%), flavonoids (e.g., naringenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and rutin by +10–146%), and phenolic acids (<em>e.g</em>., chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chicoric acid, rosmarinic acid, and protocatechuic acid), increased by 10–254%. Additionally, plants adjusted their metabolic processes by synthesizing various low molecular weight amino acids, including proline (+19–299%), phenylalanine (+98–240%), glutamate (+34–492%), arginine (+10–64%), and ornithine (+51–210%). The activity of the metabolic enzymes involved in metabolism of these amino acids was enhanced accordingly. It can be concluded that the synthesis of polyamines and amino acids can be coordinated and complemented to improve the tolerance of <em>A. retroflexus</em> to cope with heavy metal accumulation in contaminated soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative stem and wood anatomy of Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. (Convolvulaceae) growing in the arid zone and tropical deciduous forest","authors":"Khyati D. Thacker,&nbsp;Vinay M. Raole,&nbsp;Kishore S. Rajput","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Family Convolvulaceae is dominated by climbing species and in most of the members, radial growth is achieved by forming vascular variants. The present study compares stem anatomy and structural modifications in the secondary xylem of <em>Ipomoea eriocarpa</em> R.Br. (Convolvulaceae) growing at Banni (Kachchh, arid zone) and at Toranmal (Tropical dry deciduous forest). Individuals growing at both biogeographic zones showed similar ontogeny for the development of successive cambia, inter-and intraxylary phloem, intraxylary cambium, and non-lignified axial (and radial) parenchyma wedges. However, as plants grew older, stems of individuals growing at Banni became lobbed in outline and showed the development of successive cambia and bidirectional intraxylary cambium. The thickest stems of samples from Banni possessed three successive cambial rings, vessels mostly solitary and relatively narrow in diameter with a greater number of non-lignified axial parenchyma wedges. In contrast, samples collected from Toranmal showed two successive cambial rings with relatively few numbers of non-lignified axial parenchyma wedges, intraxylary cambium was unifacial and exclusively produced intraxylary phloem. The secondary xylem was diffuse-porous, vessels usually in tangential multiples or clusters. Though, the time of seed germination and establishment of seedlings remained the same; in Banni samples, initiation of successive cambia, intraxylary cambium and its derivatives (i.e. xylem and phloem) began before the individuals growing at Toranmal. Samples from both locations showed the presence of inverse cambia on the inner margin of the xylem produced by the first successive cambium. These alterations in the behaviour may be correlated with the ephemeral lifecycle of Banni plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036725302400152X/pdfft?md5=68d28baee61288c2bf6f07dae186967c&pid=1-s2.0-S036725302400152X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ferns of Calilegua National Park, Jujuy, Argentina: A look through their spores. Second part","authors":"Daniel Alejandro Gorrer ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Ramos Giacosa ,&nbsp;Liliana Concepción Lupo","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work is part of a bigger project to study the spore morphology of isosporous ferns growing in the Calilegua National Park (CNP), in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. This park belongs to the phytogeographic region of the Yungas, where climatic and terrain conditions are optimal for the growth of ferns. The aim of this work is to present the morphology of the spores of 53 taxa corresponding to 6 families of isosporate ferns that grow in this protected area. The study was carried out with herbarium material and field trips. The families studied are Hymenophyllaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Woodsiaceae. According to the spore aperture type, 24 taxa are monolete and 29 trilete. The spores are yellowish, light to dark brown or brown greenish. The largest spores belong to <em>Pleopeltis tweediana</em> and the smallest to <em>Polyphlebium angustatum</em>. The ornamentation observed were echinae, folds, wings, reticles, cristae, verrucae or rugulae. The spores of 35 species are illustrated for the first time under the light microscope and five species with scanning electron microscope. An identification key of the spores is also provided. The morphological characteristics of the spores allowed the identification of 16 species, contributes to spore bank analysis, aero and palaeopalynological studies and taxonomic identifications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative fruit morphology of nine Psittacanthus Mart. (Santalales: Loranthaceae) mistletoe species occurring in Mexico","authors":"Juan Francisco Ornelas ,&nbsp;Sonia Galicia ,&nbsp;Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Carlos Lara ,&nbsp;Francisco Molina-Freaner ,&nbsp;Antonio Acini Vásquez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Etelvina Gándara ,&nbsp;Diego F. Angulo ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Vovides ,&nbsp;Victoria Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Psittacanthus</em> is distributed from Mexico to Argentina and contains c. 110 species. The large, lipid-rich, one-seeded fruits of <em>Psittacanthus</em> species frequently depend on frugivorous birds for seed dispersal; however, fruit morphology of <em>Psittacanthus</em> (Loranthaceae) mistletoes remain poorly studied. In this study we describe the fruit morphology of nine <em>Psittacanthus</em> species. Fruits were collected from the study sites in which mistletoe plants were inhabiting contrasting habitats and host tree species. The morphological characteristics of fruits by species were described and compared with the use of inclusion and staining techniques and light microscopy. Our results show that fruit size varies among species, with <em>P. macrantherus</em> having the largest fruits. Most fruits have an ellipsoid to ovoid shape, color of fruits transits from green when immature to red or purple before ripening to blackish or purplish black, with color variations observed in different species, and the cupular pedicel length varying among species. Fruit sections indicate the following parts: exocarp, viscin layer, seed coat and a dicotylar to polycotylar embryo, with <em>P. schiedeanus</em> having the highest cotyledon count. No endosperm is present in the studied species. Our results provide valuable information for further species comparisons regarding the lack of endosperm and polycotylar embryo. Additionally, interspecific variation in cotyledon number and seed coat highlights distinct processes, including the potential effects of environmental differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the extreme 2015-16 El Niño climate event on forest and savanna tree species of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition","authors":"Nayane C.C.S. Prestes ,&nbsp;Beatriz S. Marimon ,&nbsp;Paulo S. Morandi ,&nbsp;Simone M. Reis ,&nbsp;Ben Hur Marimon Junior ,&nbsp;Wesley J.A. Cruz ,&nbsp;Edmar A. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Lucas H. Mariano ,&nbsp;Fernando Elias ,&nbsp;Denilson M. Santos ,&nbsp;Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert ,&nbsp;Oliver L. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme drought events, driven by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are linked to increased tree mortality and alterations in vegetation structure, dynamics, and floristic composition in tropical forests. Existing analyses, primarily focusing on Africa, Central America, and Amazonia, overlook the floristic impacts on biome transitions. This study evaluates the profound effects of the severe 2015/2016 ENSO event on tree density and floristic composition in the critical transition zone between Amazonia and Cerrado, South America's largest biomes. Our findings not only document significant biodiversity loss but also offer insights into species resilience, guiding conservation strategies under changing climate conditions. We inventoried long-term plots before and after the extreme drought event, sampling 12,465 individuals from 526 species, 224 genera, and 65 families, in Open Ombrophilous Forest (OF), Seasonal Forest (SF), Cerradão (CD), and Typical Cerrado (TC). We document the disappearance from our plots of 97 species after the ENSO, with only 61 new species being recorded. The total loss of individuals across the transition zone was almost 10 %. The SF and CD forest plots showed the greatest replacements, species losses, and reductions in tree density. Their markedly seasonal baseline climate probably drove these changes. In most phytophysiognomies, there was an increase in pioneer species and drier environment habitat specialist species, indicating that although many species are vulnerable to extreme climate events, others benefit, especially those with a short life cycle. We found that the vegetation of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition overall is vulnerable to climate anomalies, with widespread loss of tree density and change in floristic composition. Our study also provides a species-by-species list of the most vulnerable and resistant trees which helps point to overall climate change vulnerabilities and assist with initiatives to recover degraded areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral dimorphism of Elsholtzia angustifolia (Loes.) Kitag. (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Yun-Chang Jeon ,&nbsp;Hye-Kyoung Moon ,&nbsp;Min-Jung Kong ,&nbsp;Suk-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gynodioecy is a sexual system in which hermaphrodites coexist with females and is frequently observed in Lamiaceae. The aim of this study was to investigate the floral morphology of <em>Elsholtzia angustifolia</em> (Loes.) Kitag (Lamiaceae) using stereomicroscopy (SM), light microscopy (LM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify floral dimorphism in a potential gynodioecious species. Two different floral morphs were found in <em>Elsholtzia angustifolia</em>, hermaphroditic and female individuals, from three natural populations in South Korea (Ihwa Pass, Mt. Joryeong, and Mt. Sokli). However, females rarely occur in natural populations. Statistical analysis revealed significant size differences in the floral organs of the floral morphs. Micromorphological and anatomical characteristics were also examined using LM and SEM to compare the differences between the female and hermaphroditic types, revealing significant differences in the stamens between the two sexual types. Additionally, floral scent analysis was performed to identify floral morph-specific scent components, with elsholtzia ketone and dehydroelsholtzia ketone as the major components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bat or bee pollination? Floral biology of two sympatric Cayaponia species (Cucurbitaceae) in Southeast Brazil","authors":"Renan Oliveira Alves Cardoso Kobal ,&nbsp;Silvana Buzato ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Pereira Nunes ,&nbsp;Günter Gerlach ,&nbsp;Ivan Sazima ,&nbsp;Marlies Sazima ,&nbsp;Mariana Alves Stanton ,&nbsp;Isabel Alves-dos-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of pollination systems is unclear for many plant taxa due to the scarcity of field observations on floral visitors. Supposed bat- and bee-pollination is reported for species of the genus <em>Cayaponia</em>, but &lt;5 % of these were observed in the field and their pollinators recorded. We studied the pollination biology of two early diverging sister species of <em>Cayaponia, C. cabocla</em> and <em>C. pilosa</em>, recording the floral biology, phenology, breeding system, floral visitors, and floral scent chemistry. Both species are monoecious and have bell-shaped white to greenish flowers. The length of the <em>C. cabocla</em> flowers was 2.33 ± 0.52 cm and of the <em>C. pilosa</em> flowers it was 2.75±0.95 cm. In <em>C. cabocla</em> nectar volume of male flowers was 180±57.15 μl and sugar concentration was 28.75±0.95%, whereas in female flowers the average volume was 46.5 ± 10.24 μl and sugar concentration was 22.5 ± 0.57%. <em>Cayaponia cabocla</em> flowers opened at late night, around 03:30 h, whereas those of <em>C. pilosa</em> opened around noon. Both species bloom in the austral summer (January-February) and depend on bees to set fruit, in addition to having a few floral visitor species in common. Whereas some of the flower traits resemble those of bat-pollinated plants (most notably the large nectar volume and nocturnal anthesis), the floral volatiles of both <em>C. cabocla</em> and <em>C. pilosa</em> are typical of flowers pollinated by bees. This study clarifies the pollination system of two <em>Cayaponia</em> species and provides new information that can be used to reconstruct pollination system transitions in this rich genus of cucurbits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypodermis or multiple epidermis: Leaf ontogenesis in nine species of subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)","authors":"Carolina Miho Abe ,&nbsp;Leonardo Cazuza Bondezan ,&nbsp;Marcela Thadeo ,&nbsp;Káthia Socorro Mathias Mourão","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ninth largest family of angiosperms is Myrtaceae, which comprises 127 genera and over 6000 species. The leaf anatomy of Myrtaceae has been widely studied and can be used in phylogenetic analyses and species delimitations in complexes within the family. A multiple epidermis and hypodermis have been described for the leaves of representatives of the family but have not been confirmed using ontogenetic studies, which could lead to incorrect interpretations about these tissues. Thus, we studied the leaf ontogenesis of the following 9 species in subfamily Myrtoideae: tribe Syzigieae - <em>Syzigium cumini</em>; tribe Myrteae - <em>Myrceugenia alpigena</em> and <em>M. euosma</em> (subtribe Luminae), <em>Psidium sartorianum, P. guajava, Campomanesia adamantium</em> and <em>Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus</em> (subtribe Pimentinae), <em>Myrcianthes pungens</em> and <em>M. gigantea</em> (subtribe Eugeniinae). Shoot apices and leaves up to the fourth node were transversally and longitudinally sectioned following techniques used for plant anatomy. Leaf development in all species is from apical, intercalary, dorsal, marginal and plate meristematic activity. Protodermal periclinal divisions only occur to give rise to secretory cavities. The results show that in all the species the subepidermal layer is a hypodermis, which originates from periclinal divisions of the ground meristem. The occurrence of this layer could have phylogenetic implications according to reports in the literature, reinforcing the relationships among the subtribes in current topologies of Myrteae. However, the occurrence of a hypodermis in representatives of other subtribes of Myrteae and Syzigieae need to be better studied and discussed in relation to the phylogeny of Myrtaceae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphoanatomical alterations in extrafloral nectaries of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae), a native species of the Atlantic Forest, in response to simulated acid rain","authors":"Franklin Patrocínio Rezende,&nbsp;Luzimar Campos da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acid rain is one of the major contributors to the loss of tropical forest. Although the effects of acid rain in leaf anatomy have been widely studied, its impact on specialized secretory structures remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphoanatomical changes in the extrafloral nectaries of <em>Cedrela fissilis</em> in response to simulated acid rain. Each seedling was sprayed with 50 ml of an acidic solution daily for 19 consecutive days. Anatomical and micromorphological changes in the nectaries were described. The treated plants exhibited plasmolysis and disruption of epidermal cells, cell collapse, hypertrophy, plasmolysis, phenolic and starch accumulation in the nectar-secreting cells, and the formation of a wound healing tissue. The results indicate that the nectaries of <em>C. fissilis</em> undergo alterations when exposed to acid rain, which may compromise the functioning of the entire structure and potentially impact plant-insect ecological interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 152586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}