Flora最新文献

{"title":"Ontogeny has a greater effect on defense and leaf nutritional status than fertilization in Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae)","authors":"Marina N. Delgado ,&nbsp;Jhonathan O. Silva ,&nbsp;Kirk Barnett ,&nbsp;Robert J. Marquis ,&nbsp;Helena C. Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investment of plants in defensive and leaf nutritional quality traits may vary with plant ontogeny and the availability of soil nutrients. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ontogeny and soil fertilization on leaf traits of the Brazilian cerrado tree <em>Stryphnodendron adstringens</em> (Fabaceae). Leaf defense traits (total phenolics, condensed and hydrolysable tannins, the number of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and the concentration of glucose, sucrose, fructose and total sugar in the extrafloral nectar) and leaf nutritional quality traits (water content, macronutrients, micronutrients and N:P and C:N ratios) were measured in 60 seedlings and 13 reproductive adults that grew in areas with previous P and Ca fertilization over eight years and in neighboring control plots in a Cerrado area in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Sampling was carried out three years after the last application of fertilizer. We found a strong effect of ontogeny on leaf traits: leaves of adult plants were more chemically defended and lower in nutritional quality than those of seedlings. Fertilization modified leaf nutritional quality traits in adults and seedlings, and defense traits in seedlings, increasing the number of EFNs on leaves, total phenolics and condensed tannins. In summary, adult plants of <em>S. adstringens</em> were poor in nutrients and invested more in phenolics and tannins than seedlings, all consistent with plant apparency theory. In contrast, seedlings were much more flexible in their defensive phenotype, with fertilization increasing allocation to total phenolics, condensed tannins and EFN production. This latter result suggests an ability of seedlings to take advantage of very local variation in resources that might increase the likelihood of surviving this vulnerable stage in the life cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative traits, floral biology, and mutualistic interactions in the tropical mountain shrub Ribes ciliatum (Grossulariaceae)","authors":"Silvana Martén-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Valeria Rodríguez-Martén ,&nbsp;E. Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez ,&nbsp;Sergio Díaz-Infante ,&nbsp;Mauricio Quesada","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant species in tropical mountain ecosystems experience significant environmental variation across short spatial distances. These systems offer an opportunity to assess geographic variation in plant traits in relation to biotic and abiotic environments. We examined plant vegetative and reproductive traits in the shrub <em>R. ciliatum</em> across two native conifer forests in central Mexico. We measured plant height, number of branches, leaf size, flower production, floral morphology, floral longevity, and plant reproductive success in <em>R. ciliatum</em> populations found in fir forests (3100 m) and Hartweg's pine forests (subalpine habitat, 3700 m). We also quantified the level of pollinator dependence, pollinator visitation rates, and fruit consumption rates by frugivorous birds in both populations. Plants were shorter and had smaller leaves in the subalpine forest than in the fir forest. Floral longevity decreased in the subalpine forest, but flower production, flower size, and fruit weight remained similar across populations. Fruit set and pollinator visitation rates were higher in the subalpine forest; however, seed weight and fruit consumption rates did not differ between sites. Hummingbirds and bumblebees were the primary pollinators of <em>R. ciliatum</em>, and the bird <em>Ptiliogonys cinereus</em> was the most important fruit consumer at both sites. Fruit set was entirely dependent on pollinators. Reduced plant size in the subalpine forest coincides with a general pattern associated with high mountain environments. In contrast, reproductive characters had a closer relationship to the pollination environment. The absence of variation in flower size and shape was consistent with the similarity in the composition of the pollinator community. Meanwhile, compared to lower-elevation forests, the subalpine forest exhibited shorter-lived flowers and increased fruit set, associated with higher pollinator visitation rates. <em>Ribes ciliatum</em> is a key resource for pollinators and frugivores at a time of year when few other floral resources are available in these high-elevation mountain forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variability of rosette leaves within Sempervivum ciliosum and S. ruthenicum complexes (Crassulaceae): The geometric morphometrics approach","authors":"Maja D. Jovanović ,&nbsp;Maja J. Lazarević ,&nbsp;Predrag M. Lazarević ,&nbsp;Dmitar V. Lakušić ,&nbsp;Bojan K. Zlatković","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The yellow-flowered <em>Sempervivum</em> species from the Balkan Peninsula, tentatively divided into <em>Sempervivum ciliosum</em> (<em>S. ciliosum, S. galicicum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes</em>) and <em>S. ruthenicum</em> complexes (<em>S. kindingeri, S. leucanthum, S. ruthenicum, S. zeleborii</em>), are well known for their pronounced phenotypic plasticity, especially in the vegetative parts, resulting in exceedingly complicate infrageneric taxonomy. Extensive studies dealing with the variability of qualitative and quantitative traits, such as the shape and size of the rosette leaves, were not conducted in the past. This study aimed to analyse the extent of morphological variability of the rosette leaves regarding their shape and size and evaluate their potential to resolve taxonomic doubts. For this purpose, geometric morphometrics, as a tool for analysing minute shape variability, was used to discriminate mentioned species. The variability of the rosette leaves was statistically analysed within 15 populations using univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (MANOVA, PCA, DA). Obtained results indicated highly statistically significant differences in rosette leaf shape and size between analysed complexes and species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-driven phenotypic and phenological differentiation in sympatric races of a parasitic plant","authors":"Clara de Vega ,&nbsp;Pedro L. Ortiz ,&nbsp;Montserrat Arista","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Host specificity is a key factor influencing the ecology and evolutionary diversification of parasitic organisms. Host specialisation and geographic isolation are known to lead to the genetic differentiation of allopatric races in parasitic plants. However, how divergence can co-occur in sympatry remains largely unknown. We investigated phenological and phenotypic differentiation and potential reproductive isolation among three sympatric genetic races of <em>Cytinus hypocistis</em> (Cytinaceae) - an extreme endophytic holoparasite with a high degree of host specialisation. We compared spatio-temporal variations in flowering phenology, flower production, floral longevity, floral rewards, and morphology, and conducted inter-race pollinations among three races parasitising <em>Cistus ladanifer, C. salviifolius</em>, and <em>Halimium halimifolium</em> (Cistaceae) in six co-occurring populations. We found that host-defined genetic races differed significantly across multiple phenotypic and phenological aspects – a phenomenon previously overlooked due to the plants’ cryptic morphology. The race parasitising <em>H. halimifolium</em> showed earlier blooming, higher floral display, longer flowers, and higher pollen production and nectar concentration; the race on <em>C. salviifolius</em> showed later flowering, significantly lower floral display and smaller flowers with lower floral rewards; the race on <em>C. ladanifer</em> had intermediate characteristics. Genetic races were interfertile yet may remain differentiated by restricted gene flow and host-driven selection pressures. Together, our data point to a rare case of sympatric divergent evolution hiding in plain sight: apparently morphologically similar co-occurring parasite races can be genetically, phenotypically, and phenologically distinct. This hitherto unreported example of host-driven sympatric diversification challenges how species concepts are applied to cryptic parasitic plant races.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variation in bulliform phytoliths at different rice growth stages","authors":"Xinrong He ,&nbsp;Guiyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinxin Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying morphological changes in bulliform phytoliths in rice during different growth periods can provide essential information for understanding phytolith formation mechanisms and rice domestication processes. In this study, we analysed changes in the size and fish-scale decorations of rice bulliform phytoliths during a complete growth and development cycle. We then explored the underlying plant physiology, agricultural practices, and other factors that influence rice bulliform phytolith formation. From the transplanting stage to the ripening stage, the fan width (HL) and fan length (VL) of bulliform phytoliths tended to increase, decrease, and increase, reaching a maximum at the ripening stage (HL = 40.1 ± 6.1 μm, VL = 39.7 ± 5.3 μm). From the transplanting stage to ripening, the proportion of the long-stalked phenotype decreased significantly, and that of the short-stalked phenotype increased significantly. The proportion of rice bulliform phytoliths with ≥ 9 fish-scale decorations was 0 % at the transplanting and tillering stages and then increased from 42 % to 74 % from the elongation to ripening stage, with an average of 57 % for the four periods (elongation to ripening). The results of this study enhance the existing data on rice phytolith morphology, providing valuable insights into the morphological changes associated with rice domestication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral anatomy in Serjania clematidifolia (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae): Insights into a monoecious sexual system with multicyclic dichogamy","authors":"Carina dos Santos Almeida ,&nbsp;Genise Vieira Somner ,&nbsp;Bárbara de Sá-Haiad","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Serjania clematidifolia</em> Cambess. has a monoecious sexual system with multicyclic dichogamy, i.e., staminate and pistillate flowers are produced in more than three phases. The present study evaluated the flowers in the different flowering phases of the species. For morphometric analyses, flowers were measured and the resulting values statistically analysed. For structural analyses, flowers were processed using standard light microscopy techniques. <em>Serjania clematidifolia</em> has white, unisexual, nectariferous, and zygomorphic monosymmetric flowers. In staminate flowers, the anthers are dehiscent, the endothecial cells have bar thickenings, the septum degenerates, and the stomium ruptures, releasing pollen grains in monads at the binucleate microgametophyte stage. In pistillate flowers, the anthers are indehiscent, the endothecial cells near the connective lack parietal thickening, the septum does not degenerate, the stomium does not rupture, and microgametophytes are not released. Male sterility in pistillate flowers is likely associated with structural changes in the endothecium and failures in the process of programmed cell death (PCD) of anther tissues. In pistillate flowers, the stigma is papillose and moist, and the ovary contains campylotropous, bitegmic ovules with seven-celled megagametophytes. In staminate flowers, the stigma has a non-papillose and non-secretory epidermis. The tissues of the style, ovary, and ovules show various levels of degeneration. Ovules may or may not contain megagametophytes. Female sterility in staminate flowers appears to be associated with failures in megagametophyte differentiation or PCD of its cells. We conclude that in <em>S. clematidifolia</em>, (i) the morphometric variation between staminate and pistillate flowers in different flowering phases does not indicate the existence of distinct floral types, (ii) there are no structural differences between staminate or pistillate flowers from different flowering phases, (iii) megagametophytes may or may not differentiate in ovules of staminate flowers, and (iv) microgametophytes differentiate in indehiscent anthers of pistillate flowers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A first evaluation of biological soil crusts diversity in three distinctive rocky outcrops in Brazil","authors":"Mateus Fernandes Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cleber Cunha Figueredo ,&nbsp;Ariel Hirayama Konell ,&nbsp;Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological soil crusts (biocrust hereafter) are communities structured by the interaction between bacteria, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and bryophytes over the most superficial particles of the soil. These complex communities are mostly found in arid and semiarid regions, but they can also be conspicuous members of the vegetation in moist tropical ecosystems. This study presents the first taxonomic and ecological investigation of biocrusts in three prevalent Brazilian rocky outcrop types: ironstone, quartzite-sandstone, and limestone, while also assessing the distribution of these outcrop types across Brazil as potential biocrust habitats. We identified thirty-four bryophyte species (29 mosses, 5 liverworts), seven cyanobacteria genera, and one genus from each of the Charophyta and Chlorophyta algae groups. Twenty-four of the species (19 mosses and 5 liverworts) have never been previously reported in biocrusts associations in any ecosystem. Six microhabitats were characterized. Analysis of soil composition in the studied rocky outcrops highlighted pH, total acidity, phosphorus, organic matter, calcium, and iron concentrations as key distinguishing factors, emphasizing limestone as the most unique environment among the outcrops studied. Positive co-occurrence patterns were observed solely in ironstone and limestone outcrops, suggesting potential ecological interactions between mosses and cyanobacteria. The proportions of Brazilian rocky outcrops within Protected Areas (PAs) exhibited disparities, with ironstone and limestone outcrops being the most threatened, representing only 0.25 % and 5.11 % of PA sites, respectively. Our findings address crucial knowledge gaps within these unique ecosystems, offering valuable insights for biocrust research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf stomatal and anatomical traits facilitate the coexistence of dominant plant species during succession in a subtropical broad-leaved forest","authors":"Lanying Wei ,&nbsp;Quan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Yang ,&nbsp;Weisheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest degradation is a serious global-scale environmental issue which caused the loss of biodiversity in subtropical broad-leaved forests. Though more studies focus on forest succession, understanding the patterns in variations of leaf tissue structure is essential for the restoration of secondary forest communities. In this study, we compared the stomatal properties and leaf anatomical traits of plants from different succession stages of communities in a subtropical broad-leaved forest. Results showed that most of the leaf functional traits varied apparently across different succession communities, with low trait variations in narrowly distributed species and higher trait CV in those that occurred in two or more communities. Shrubs and most of the small trees from grassland and shrub-grassland displayed significant higher leaf thickness, palisade mesophyll thickness, leaf palisade: spongy mesophyll thickness ratio, tightness of leaf palisade tissue. In contrast, many trees in primary forest possessed the lowest leaf thickness, stomatal density, potential conductance index, adaxial epidermis thickness, leaf palisade: spongy mesophyll thickness ratio, etc. Our trait principal component analysis (PCA) results lacked the clear clustering of plants from different succession communities. Changes of trait syndromes facilitated plants to coexist in one or more communities along successional subtropical forest. Thus, complex species compositions within different succession communities were shaped as the result of reducing the overlap of resource requirements and the competitive intensity of co-existing plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation dynamics after fire in the Brazilian Campo Rupestre: Effects on native plant communities and flower harvesting","authors":"Gudryan J. Baronio ,&nbsp;Anna Carolina Gressler Bressan ,&nbsp;Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida ,&nbsp;Vânia Regina Pivello","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the impact of both early and late fires on native plant communities of the C<em>ampo Rupestre</em> in the Sempre-Vivas National Park (PNSV, Brazil). Everlasting flower harvesters use late fires to stimulate flowering, while park managers have been implementing early fires to reduce flammable biomass and, therefore, the risk of wildfires. We aimed to explore the effects of fire on species composition, vegetation cover, and plant and flower stalks height to evaluate post-fire vegetation recovery, especially considering <em>Comanthera</em> species, which are highly valued by flower harvesters. The experimental design involved two areas (A1 and A2) in PNSV from May/2019 to January/2021. We installed eight 50 × 50 m plots in each area, being half submitted to experimental burnings and the other half unburned (control plots). A1 experienced early fire in May, and A2 a late fire in September. Initial phytosociological surveys revealed differences between A1 and A2, therefore, fire effects were treated separately for each area. In both A1 and A2, fire initially impacted species richness and abundance but the effect dissipated over time, with vegetation becoming similar to unburned plots. Fire also affected vegetation cover, which returned to its original condition within a year, influenced by seasonality and plant phenology. Plant communities experienced a temporary reduction in height (∼4 cm) in the months following fire, and recovered in the subsequent rainy season. However, a tendency for smaller plants persisted, and the average height of flower stalks took almost two years to fully recover. In general, the late fire conducted in A2 led to a slower recovery trajectory. These findings indicate rapid post-fire biomass recovery and minimal impact on plant species composition, highlighting the resilience of C<em>ampo Rupestre</em> to single fires. Further studies are crucial to understand plant response to fires at different fire frequencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving the extinction vortex? Discovering remnant stands of Senecio hercynicus (Compositae, Senecioneae) evading genetic swamping by its congener S. ovatus in the Bavarian and Bohemian Forest region","authors":"Christoph Oberprieler ,&nbsp;Daniel Lenz ,&nbsp;Pia Donhauser ,&nbsp;Claus Bässler","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genetic swamping by introgressive hybridisation threatens diversity, caused by climate warming particularly in mountainous regions worldwide. Recent studies resulted in a threatening perspective for <em>Senecio hercynicus</em> in the Bavarian Forest due to genetic swamping by introgressive hybridisation with its cogener <em>S. ovatus</em>. To examine the situation more closely, the distribution and hybridization of <em>S. hercynicus</em> and <em>S. ovatus</em> in high elevation regions of the Bavarian and Bohemian Forest was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion of nrDNA ITS1 (PCR-RFLP; PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism). For a total of 706 samples from 94 different sample localities a hybrid index was inferred from the fragment band intensities after PCR-RFLP digestion. Boxplot diagrams of the hybrid indices show a tendency of western populations towards <em>S. ovatus</em> genotypes and for populations to the east towards <em>S. hercynicus</em> genotypes. When the hybrid index data was subjected to a regression analysis with nine factors (five habitat patterns inferred during sampling and four bioclimatic variables), only geographical longitude and latitude seemed to describe the observed distribution of <em>S. hercynicus</em> and <em>S. ovatus</em> significantly, arguing for the distribution and hybridisation patterns being shaped rather due to historical than to eco-climatological determinants. While a broad zone of hybridisation between the two species in the Bavarian and Bohemian Forest region was inferred, our study demonstrates that purebred <em>S. hercynicus</em> still exists and remnant stands of this species should be the target of species conservation measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 152602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253024001543/pdfft?md5=457a9c5a2b50f59aa68a16388ae5cee0&pid=1-s2.0-S0367253024001543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}