Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Detection and quantification of Cronartium pini from Scots pine bark and wood with Cronartium spp.-specific quantitative PCR","authors":"Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Jan Stenlid","doi":"10.1111/efp.12833","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The forest disease, Scots pine blister rust, is caused by the rust fungus <i>Cronartium pini</i>. This pathogen was previously known as the host-alternating type <i>C. flaccidum</i> and non-host-alternating type <i>Peridermium pini</i>. Recent epidemics of this disease in Northern European forests, especially young Scots pine forests in Sweden, caused significant economic and ecological losses. <i>Cronartium pini</i> can be identified based on the typical orange blister-like aecia in Scots pine in summer, but any molecular identification and quantification method has not been available for <i>Cronartium</i> spp. This study developed qPCR primers that are specific to <i>Cronartium</i> spp. and evaluated DNA extraction protocols from pine bark and wood to enable robust qPCR assays. As little as three <i>Cronartium</i> ITS copies can be detected with the protocol. Since only <i>C. pini</i> is known to infect Scots pine in Northern Europe, the protocols were applied to detect <i>C. pini</i> from Scots pine samples without typical symptoms and investigate the <i>C. pini</i> colonization in Scots pine branches from the forest. These results will aid the detection and quantification of <i>C. pini</i> in asymptomatic or symptomatic samples and monitoring Scots pine blister rust in the forest in northern Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heights to white pine blister rust cankers caused by Cronartium ribicola on young Pinus monticola in the Oregon East Cascades","authors":"Brent W. Oblinger,&nbsp;Cameron M. Stauder","doi":"10.1111/efp.12832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In addition to breeding for genetic resistance, lower branch pruning is a management strategy to mitigate adverse effects of <i>Cronartium ribicola</i> on young western white pine (<i>Pinus monticola</i>; WWP) in portions of the Interior Northwest, USA (INW). However, only data on heights of white pine blister rust (WPBR) cankers and post-treatment effects from outside the Oregon East Cascades (OEC) have previously informed INW pruning guidelines. To evaluate the appropriateness of these guidelines for WWP in the OEC, heights to cankers on young WWP (&lt;30 years old) were measured in 120 plots within 12 stands throughout the OEC. Canker heights were analysed for live WWP ≥2.54 cm in diameter at 1.37 m. Incidence and severity of WPBR on live WWP, in addition to heights to cankers, varied among stands. Increased severity of WPBR (number of cankers on live-infected trees and percent mortality by WPBR) was observed in stands with the alternate host <i>Ribes</i> more frequently occurring in plots. Of all cankers, approximately 97% were found in the lower half of the total tree height, and only 10% of cankers on young WWP were found above the first third of the total tree height. When evaluating canker heights in all stands, mean heights to branch and bole cankers were &lt;2.2 m. Bole cankers were lower than branch cankers (<i>p</i> = .01), reaffirming that potentially lethal cankers in the INW often originate from infections lower in the crown. In stands, the number of plots with <i>Ribes</i> present was positively correlated with the number of cankers on live-infected WWP and percent mortality of WWP due to WPBR (<i>p</i> &lt; .04). As the incidence of WPBR on live WWP increased in stands, heights to the highest cankers also increased (<i>p</i> = .002). The number of cankers on live-infected trees was positively correlated with the mean and highest heights to cankers (<i>p</i> &lt; .002). Given that the vast majority of cankers were prunable and occurred in the lower crown of young WWP, pruning lower branches to increase survival of WWP is a management option in the OEC, and prioritization of stands for treatment is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressiveness of Fusarium oxysporum and F. verticillioides isolates on stone and scots pine under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Jaime Olaizola,&nbsp;Juan A. Pajares,&nbsp;Thomas R. Gordon,&nbsp;Julio J. Diez","doi":"10.1111/efp.12831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) and Stone pine (<i>Pinus pinea</i>) are two important species used in re-forestation that are subject to damage by damping-off fungi in forest nurseries. Twenty-two isolates of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> from diseased seedlings of eight different hosts were tested for aggressiveness on seeds and seedlings of both pine species, including the effects on seedling emergence and mortality. Scots pine was more susceptible to damping-off than Stone pine, as indicated both by reduced seedling emergence and elevated seedling mortality. The impact of <i>F. oxysporum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> on seeds and seedlings did not differ significantly for either pine species. Our findings support previous studies that found that these are damping-off pathogens on the studied pines. Whereas most isolates proved to be pathogenic, some isolates of both <i>Fusarium</i> species showed to be non-pathogenic.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl causing stem canker on Teak (Tectona grandis L.) in Ecuador","authors":"Sergio Miguel Vélez-Zambrano,&nbsp;Jefferson Bertin Vélez-Olmedo,&nbsp;Susana García,&nbsp;Bianca S. A. Bonfim,&nbsp;Pedro Emilio Cedeño,&nbsp;Danilo Pinho","doi":"10.1111/efp.12830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Teak is a very important tropical timber in Ecuador. In 2017, teak samples displaying stem canker symptoms were collected in two provinces of Ecuador. From 11 symptomatic trees, 11 isolates resembling a species of <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> were obtained. All isolates obtained induced stem canker on teak plants after artificial inoculation, confirming them as the cause of the observed canker symptoms. Bayesian inference with concatenated sequences of complete ITS and partial <i>TEF-α</i> and <i>β-TUB</i> gene sequences from two representative isolates clustered teak isolates with other sequences of <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> available in Genbank. This is the first report of <i>L. theobromae</i> causing stem canker on teak plants in Ecuador.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50155116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quambalaria eucalypti found on Eucalyptus in Indonesia","authors":"Marthin Tarigan,&nbsp;Michael J. Wingfield,&nbsp;Yosep M. A. N. Marpaung,&nbsp;Alvaro Durán,&nbsp;Nam Q. Pham","doi":"10.1111/efp.12829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Eucalyptus</i> plantation industry in Indonesia has expanded rapidly during the last few decades. During routine nursery disease surveys, symptoms of a leaf and shoot blight disease were detected on <i>Eucalyptus</i> mother plants. Isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissues and identified using DNA sequence analyses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates were those of <i>Quambalaria eucalypti</i>. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with isolates of <i>Q. eucalypti</i> on clones of <i>E. pellita</i> and <i>E. grandis</i> × <i>E. pellita</i> hybrids. These resulted in symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected plants. <i>Eucalyptus</i> genotypes tested showed variation in their susceptibility, highlighting the potential to select and breed for resistance and thus to manage future outbreaks of the disease. This is the first report of the pathogen in Indonesia as well as in Southeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in virulence of genets of Heterobasidion annosum and susceptibility of young plants of different conifer species and origins","authors":"Refika Ceyda Beram,&nbsp;Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya,&nbsp;Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi,&nbsp;Asko Lehtijärvi,&nbsp;Steve Woodward","doi":"10.1111/efp.12827","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Heterobasidion</i> species are the most important pathogens causing root and stem rot on conifers in northern hemisphere forests. The host list of this complex is very wide and includes over 200 species of trees and shrubs. Among the members of this complex, <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s. s. has the largest host range. In this study, young plants of <i>Pinus sylvestris, Picea orientalis, Abies nordmanniana, Cedrus libani</i> and <i>Pinus brutia</i> (three different origins) were inoculated on the lower stem with known genets of <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s.s. collected from <i>Pinus brutia</i> stands in south-western Türkiye. Infection frequency, assessed as presence of the conidial stage in stem discs following incubation, in the inoculated seedlings was 100%. The <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s. s. isolates were re-isolated from all inoculated host species. Control seedlings showed no symptoms of disease. Mortality in inoculated plants was 11.5% of the 735 inoculated plants, which died over an 8-weeks incubation period. The isolates showed greater growth on <i>Cedrus libani, Pinus sylvestris</i> and <i>Picea orientalis</i> seedlings compared to other species tested. On the other hand, it was found that the least affected seedlings were <i>Pinus brutia</i> TB12 and <i>Abies nordmanniana</i>. This study proved that differences occur in aggressiveness of <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s. s. to host species. A striking point in the results is that, despite being the host species from which the isolates were obtained, <i>Pinus brutia</i> seedlings showed lower sensitivity to <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> s. s. than the other conifer species tested. Inoculations of three different <i>Pinus brutia</i> provenances suggested there was no significant difference in mean lesion lengths and fungal growth values in <i>Pinus brutia</i> plants, except in <i>Pinus brutia</i> TB14, which was more susceptible to extension growth of the pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43603887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, pathogenicity and control of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe elevata on Eucalyptus pellita in Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Leonardo S. S. Oliveira,&nbsp;Muhamad A. Saha,&nbsp;Fahimeh Jami,&nbsp;Rianza Asfa,&nbsp;Maggie V. Maretha,&nbsp;Jaliaman Sipayung,&nbsp;Marthin Tarigan,&nbsp;Alvaro Duran","doi":"10.1111/efp.12825","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Powdery mildews are biotrophic ascomycetes that do not typically kill their hosts, but instead interfere with normal plant growth. In Indonesia, white powdery spots were observed forming on the upper part of fully developed leaves of <i>Eucalyptus pellita</i> planted in sand beds of a clonal nursery. Thus, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of eucalypt powdery mildew in Indonesia as well as to develop control strategies to better manage the disease. Pathogen identification was based on morphology, molecular characterization of DNA sequencing the ITS region and pathogenicity test. In addition, considering that some powdery mildews are inhibited by free moisture on leaves, efficacy of foliar watering was tested for disease control. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates collected from infected eucalypt plants grouped together with other sequences of the <i>Erysiphe elevata</i> clade with bootstrap support of 99%; a similar result was also confirmed by morphological observations. Pathogenicity of powdery mildew on eucalypt plants was confirmed through artificial inoculation, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. For disease control, foliar watering reduced the incidence of powdery mildew on mother plants. The reduction of the disease incidence began to be more evident at 2 weeks after trial establishment, and in the fourth week, the incidence was below 10% in all three treatments, while the control was above 20%. Therefore, we concluded that <i>E. elevata</i> is the causal agent of powdery mildew in Indonesia and that one application of foliar watering per week was enough to minimize the disease impact in the nursery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42649670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum","authors":"Zuzana Jánošíková,&nbsp;Emília Ondrušková,&nbsp;Katarína Adamčíková","doi":"10.1111/efp.12826","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12826","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (<i>Pinus</i> spp.). <i>Dothistroma septosporum</i> is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding <i>Pinus armandii</i>. In 15 inoculated <i>P</i>. <i>armandii</i> seedlings, <i>D. septosporum</i> acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of <i>D</i>. <i>septosporum</i> to cause symptoms on the needles of <i>P</i>. <i>armandii</i> via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of <i>P</i>. <i>armandii</i> was similar to the positive control, <i>Pinus nigra</i> (median 0.75 for <i>P</i>. <i>armandii</i> to 0.70 for <i>P</i>. <i>nigra</i>), thus, <i>P</i>. <i>armandii</i> acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43035377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal pathogens associated with twig canker of shrub species in Tunisia: Considering the effect of the factors correlated","authors":"Sawssen Hlaiem,&nbsp;Islem Yangui,&nbsp;Olfa Ezzine,&nbsp;Gianni Della Rocca,&nbsp;Sara Barberini,&nbsp;Roberto Danti,&nbsp;Mohamed Lahbib Ben Jamâa","doi":"10.1111/efp.12824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Decline phenomena of shrub species such as <i>Quercus coccifera</i> and <i>Retama raetam</i> have occurred throughout Tunisian forests since 2012. These evergreen shrubs have long been regarded for their medicinal and ecological interests. Therefore, their preservation as valuable forest resources is of great interest. However, information regarding aetiology of this disease is still scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the causal agents associated with disease symptoms in two Tunisian forests. Thirty-eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic <i>Q. coccifera</i> and <i>R. raetam</i> twigs. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (<i>tef1-α</i>) allowed the identification of three <i>Diplodia</i> species namely <i>Diplodia africana</i>, <i>D. seriata</i> and <i>D. pseudoseriata</i>. Our findings revealed that the incidence of <i>Diplodia</i> species was significantly correlated to the altitude, the temperature and the rainfall. Pathogenicity test showed that all <i>Diplodia</i> isolates are pathogenic. However, <i>D. africana</i> revealed to be the most aggressive species toward <i>R. raetam</i>. These findings were the first record of <i>D. seriata</i> as fungal pathogen associated with <i>Q. coccifera</i> dieback and <i>D. pseudoseriata</i> and <i>D. africana</i> on <i>R. raetam</i> in Tunisia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44567188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioclimatic variables and their impact on the potential distribution of Brenneria goodwinii in Europe","authors":"Miłosz Tkaczyk","doi":"10.1111/efp.12820","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Brenneria goodwinii</i> is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with the phenomenon of Acute Oak Decline (AOD), which has played a very important role in the decline of oak populations in Europe in recent years. In this paper, the Maxent model was developed to detect the trend in the distribution of <i>B. goodwinii</i> in Europe. Generated from confirmed location data and bioclimatic variables, the Maxent model achieved high predictive accuracy as measured by parameters such as AUC and AUC_diff. Nineteen bioclimatic variables available on the WorldClim portal for the years 1970–2000 were used to create the model. The generated model allows to determine the most useful bioclimatic variables to assess the maximum entropy of the habitat in terms of the occurrence of <i>B. goodwinii</i>. In addition, the model identified areas of Europe where the probabilities of fit for bacteria are &gt;.7. These areas include Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Portugal and Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44358659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}