Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Association of Onnia subtriquetra with living and dead bishop pine (Pinus muricata) and shore pine (Pinus contorta var. contorta) in California, USA","authors":"Christopher A. Lee,&nbsp;Ashley Hawkins,&nbsp;Hannah Suli,&nbsp;Wei Belisle,&nbsp;Suzanne Rooney-Latham","doi":"10.1111/efp.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report observations of <i>Onnia subtriquetra</i> on bishop pine (<i>Pinus muricata</i>) and shore pine (<i>Pinus contorta var. contorta</i>) from north coastal California. Our identification of this fungus is supported by molecular information, morphological characteristics, and and a description of the observed range of the fungus on the West Coast. These observations represent an expansion of the geographic and host ranges of <i>Onnia subtriquetra</i>, which on the observed sites is generally associated with declining tree condition and the presence of other native forest pathogens and insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139473929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) disease incidence and its effect on the morphological and anatomical features of Castanea sativa trees","authors":"Seray Özden Keleş,&nbsp;Sabri Ünal,&nbsp;Sefer Akan,&nbsp;Mertcan Karadeniz","doi":"10.1111/efp.12843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12843","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sweet chestnut (<i>Castanea sativa</i>) is an ecologically and economically valuable tree species worldwide. Various pathogens, both endemic or introduced, cause severe damage or death to chestnut trees. Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus <i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i>, is one of the most devastating plant diseases known which influences chestnut trees in all major cultivation regions. The work presented here aimed to investigate how the incidence of chestnut blight varied between trees growing at two altitudes (200–400 m vs. 400–600 m) and to determine the impact of chestnut blight on tree-ring width, morphology and anatomy of <i>C. sativa</i> trees. The incidence of <i>C. parasitica</i> infections was greater at 200–400 m than at 400–600 m. Greater stem diameters were found at 200–400 m than at 400–600 m. There were no differences in stem diameters and heights, however, between healthy and <i>C. parasitica</i> infected chestnut trees. The anatomical characteristics of wood were also compared between healthy and <i>C. parasitica</i>-infected chestnut trees. Fibre cell traits (length/width, lumen width, lumen area) were higher in healthy trees than in <i>C. parasitica</i>-diseased trees. Vessel diameters were greater in infected compared with healthy trees. Tree ring widths and wood anatomical characteristics therefore were significantly influenced by <i>C. parasitica</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139473898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Cryphonectria carpinicola in Hungary and Slovakia (Central Europe)","authors":"Viktor Papp,&nbsp;Balázs Palla,&nbsp;Dávid Papp,&nbsp;Csaba Németh","doi":"10.1111/efp.12845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>) is an economically significant tree species, serving as a valuable resource for timber and ornamental wood products. It plays a crucial ecological role within forest communities and exhibits wide distribution across Central Europe. During October 2022 and March 2023, we encountered instances of declining hornbeam trees in Hungary and Slovakia. In both cases, characteristic symptoms associated with <i>Cryphonectria</i> canker were observed. Subsequent morphological and molecular-genetic analyses of fungal samples and isolates confirmed their identification as the recently described species <i>Cryphonectria carpinicola</i>. This study represents the first documented report of this pathogen in Hungary and Slovakia, contributing to our understanding of its presence and impact in Central Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139473899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and physiological consequences of beech leaf disease in Fagus grandifolia L.","authors":"Leila R. Fletcher,&nbsp;Aleca M. Borsuk,&nbsp;Ana C. Fanton,&nbsp;Kate M. Johnson,&nbsp;Jennifer Richburg,&nbsp;Joseph Zailaa,&nbsp;Craig R. Brodersen","doi":"10.1111/efp.12842","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12842","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a foliar disease of American Beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i> L.) causally linked to the nematode <i>Litylenchus crenatae mccannii</i> and has rapidly spread throughout central and northeastern North America. This study aimed to characterize the anatomical and physiological differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves to provide evidence for a mechanistic link between abnormal leaf development associated with BLD and the long-term decline of affected trees. We found that leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf thickness were 45% and 249% higher in symptomatic regions, respectively. The difference in leaf thickness was largely attributable to the spongy mesophyll being 410% thicker in symptomatic as compared with asymptomatic regions of the leaves, but palisade mesophyll and abaxial epidermal tissues were also thicker in symptomatic regions. While major vein density was not significantly different, minor vein density was significantly lower in symptomatic regions, suggesting that the effects on leaf development occur after the formation and initial development of first- and second-order veins. Stomatal density was also lower in symptomatic leaves. Maximum photosynthetic rates were approximately 61% lower in symptomatic leaves and respiration rate increased as the percentage of affected leaf tissue increased. Collectively, our data show reduced photosynthetic capacity, increased respiration rates, and higher leaf construction costs, which will likely have a negative, long-term impact on the carbon balance of trees affected by BLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Fusarium commune causing Torreya grandis crown and root rot in China","authors":"Yi-hao Wu,&nbsp;Jing-jing Pan,&nbsp;Xiao-qiao Huang,&nbsp;Zhang-gui Gao,&nbsp;Hao-jie Shi,&nbsp;Hai-ping Lin,&nbsp;Xiu Su","doi":"10.1111/efp.12841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Torreya grandis</i> cv. Merrillii is an important economic tree widely cultivated in hilly subtropical areas in China and some parts of Japan and Korea. Crown and root rot was found on <i>T. grandis</i> in Zhejiang Province of China. Three isolates with similar morphology were isolated from diseased samples, and used for identification and pathogenicity tests. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified as <i>Fusarium commune</i> based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree constructed by combining ITS and <i>TEF-1α</i> gene sequences. This is the first report of <i>F. commune</i> causing crown and root rot on <i>T. grandis</i> in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of phyllode rust on Acacia crassicarpa outside its native range","authors":"Michael J. Wingfield,&nbsp;Seonju Marincowitz,&nbsp;Irene Barnes,&nbsp;Marthin Tarigan,&nbsp;Myriam Solís,&nbsp;Alvaro Durán,&nbsp;Nam Q. Pham","doi":"10.1111/efp.12839","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Acacia crassicarpa</i> is a tropical tree species native to Australia, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, which has been widely used to establish plantations in the lowland humid tropics of Sumatra and Kalimantan. These trees, able to grow on sites having relatively poor nutrition, have been relatively free of serious disease problems. A rust disease infecting the phyllodes of <i>A. crassicarpa</i> has recently been encountered in plantations in various areas of Indonesia and Malaysia where they are not native. In this study, the rust was collected and identified as <i>Endoraecium violae-faustiae</i> using DNA sequence analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA. This is the first record of the rust outside its native range. Damage at present appears to be relatively mild but the pathogen could become important in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in Pinus taeda in Brazil","authors":"Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat,&nbsp;Celso Garcia Auer,&nbsp;Dauri José Tessmann,&nbsp;Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte,&nbsp;Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/efp.12840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2019, 18-year-old <i>Pinus taeda</i> trees with symptoms of chlorosis in the aerial part, shortening of needles and reduced plant growth, ultimately leading to tree decline, were found in plantations in southern Brazil. When collecting roots, a reduction in the volume of fine roots in trees and absence of ectomycorrhiza was observed. An oomycete was isolated from the roots and soil of the rhizosphere, and its pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch's postulates. The morphological characteristics of this oomycete were similar to the <i>Phytophthora macrochlamydospora</i>, which was confirmed by the molecular characterization from three gene regions (ITS-rDNA, COX I and TEF1α). This is the first report of <i>P. macrochlamydospora</i> associated with tree decline in <i>P. taeda</i> in Brazil and worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptostroma corticale, the causal agent of sooty bark disease of maple, appears widespread in western Washington State, USA","authors":"Rachel K. Brooks,&nbsp;Daniel Omdal,&nbsp;Samuel Brown,&nbsp;Collin J. Marshall,&nbsp;Joseph M. Hulbert,&nbsp;Marianne Elliott,&nbsp;Gary Chastagner","doi":"10.1111/efp.12835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recent emergence of the fungus <i>Cryptostroma corticale</i> in Seattle, Washington, USA is concerning because of its invasive status in Europe, where it causes sooty bark disease of maples (SBD), killing both forest and urban trees. Additionally, the fruiting bodies (stromata) of <i>C. corticale</i> produce allergenic spores that can impact human health. Therefore, its presence in Washington has the potential to impact the state's populace and trees, including the native bigleaf maple, <i>Acer macrophyllum</i>. To better determine the distribution of <i>C. corticale</i> in western Washington, <i>A. macrophyllum</i> was surveyed on 50 Washington State Park properties. Bark samples were collected from trees with fruiting bodies resembling those of <i>C. corticale</i> and cores were removed from mature asymptomatic trees. The presence of <i>C. corticale</i> was confirmed using nested PCR. <i>Acer macrophyllum</i> with fruiting bodies of <i>C. corticale</i> were well distributed throughout western Washington, with an 89% detection rate at surveyed Park properties containing <i>A. macrophyllum</i>. Core samples indicated that latent infections appeared well distributed and common throughout western Washington on mature <i>A. macrophyllum</i>, with a 91% detection rate at surveyed Park properties containing <i>A. macrophyllum</i> and a 68% detection rate on cored trees. Signs of SBD and evidence of latent infections of <i>C. corticale</i> were widespread at surveyed properties. However, signs of SBD were rare on individual trees and the overall condition of <i>A. macrophyllum</i> was considered vigorous at the majority of Park properties. Awareness of <i>C. corticale,</i> SBD, and their likelihood to be present on a property containing <i>A. macrophyllum</i> in western Washington should help inform management actions and demonstrate the need for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic interactions between native fungi of Minnesota and the root rot pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare","authors":"Eric C. Otto,&nbsp;Robert A. Blanchette","doi":"10.1111/efp.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The forest pathogen, <i>Heterobasidion irregulare</i>, is a serious threat to conifers in North America including Minnesota. Fungi native to Minnesota were isolated and tested in laboratory and field assays to evaluate their antagonism towards <i>H</i>. <i>irregulare</i>. One management strategy for plant pathogens, and especially <i>H. irregulare</i>, is to use fungi as biological control agents. A successful biological control agent used to manage root rot disease caused by <i>H. irregulare</i> is the fungus <i>Phlebiopsis gigantea</i>. The goal of this research was to screen different native fungi, including <i>P. gigantea</i>, against <i>H. irregulare</i> and examine and quantify their interactions in vitro and ex vitro. A set of four different antagonism assays were conducted. These assays served as a screening process involving both the laboratory and the field. Interactions were first examined with dual inoculation studies on media and wood discs of red pine (<i>Pinus resinosa</i>). These assays demonstrated strong inhibition and limited growth of <i>H. irregulare</i> by select fungi, including <i>Phanerochaete livescens</i> and <i>P. gigantea</i>. Another assay involved using soil microcosms and wood wedges of red pine. This allowed for a different examination, as wood wedges were inoculated with a candidate antagonistic fungus and placed in soil microcosms with <i>H. irregulare</i>. The opposite interaction was also examined with wedges inoculated with <i>H. irregulare</i> and then placed in soil microcosms containing different candidate fungi. In the field, large wood discs were placed around stumps and inoculated with candidate fungi in a red pine plantation infected with <i>H. irregulare</i>. Certain fungi performed well in different assays, but across all assays, <i>P. gigantea</i> performed the best. The antagonism of <i>P. gigantea</i> was most noticeable on wood discs and wood wedges used in vitro, as <i>H. irregulare</i> was not able to be reisolated from these substrates. Overall, these results provide more information on the fungi that appear to be acting as antagonists in forests to prevent <i>H. irregulare</i> from colonizing and provide new information on potential candidate fungi that could be used as a new biological control agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of Pinus thunbergii needles: Stomatal penetration by seawater and solutes","authors":"Junhyung Park,&nbsp;Dahye Seo,&nbsp;Ki Woo Kim","doi":"10.1111/efp.12838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seawater salt deposition was investigated in the needles of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> trees growing in the coastal area of Pohang, Korea. Both green asymptomatic and brown necrotized needles were air-dried and processed for field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Seawater salt crystals appeared randomly deposited on the asymptomatic needles. No distinct epicuticular waxes were found in the stomata or on the needle surface. The salt crystals, which varied in size, were observed in the stomatal chambers as well as on the apertures of the Florin rings, and similar crystals were also observed on the necrotized brown needles. Sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) were prevalent on the needles and mostly co-localized in the crystals. Magnesium was partially co-localized with Cl, but often co-occurred with potassium. Depending on the elemental composition of salts, two types of salt deposition were observed on the needles: (i) the coffee-ring pattern and (ii) the uniform pattern. The apparent NaCl crystal depositions in the stomatal chambers indicated the stomatal penetration by seawater and solutes in the seawater-sprayed needles of <i>P. thunbergii</i>. These results provide insights into the initial phase of seawater salt-induced injury occurring through the stomatal pathway in pine species distributed in coastal areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}