Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Phenological Evaluation of Bud Retention, Leaf Production, and Nematode Abundance Associated With Beech Leaf Disease","authors":"Cameron D. McIntire,&nbsp;Paulo Vieira","doi":"10.1111/efp.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beech leaf disease (BLD) is an emerging threat to American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i> Ehrh.) throughout North American forests attributable to the plant-parasitic nematode <i>Litylenchus crenatae</i> ssp. <i>mccannii</i> (Lcm). This study describes the impacts of BLD on bud retention and subsequent leaf production, associated symptoms, and the abundance of Lcm throughout the course of a single growing season within two natural forest stands exposed to different levels of disease pressure. We found that trees with 2+ years of BLD infection exhibited reductions in bud retention that represented 52.3% fewer buds per branch (m⁻¹) relative to a control stand that did not exhibit BLD symptoms in the previous year. Diseased trees also produced less foliage following spring bud break, corresponding to 67.8% fewer leaves per branch (m⁻¹). Bud death among diseased trees resulted in a decoupling from the expected foliage production derived from winter bud inventories. Through the characterization of BLD symptom expression among emerging leaves, including the presence of second flush leaves, we measured casting of severely symptomatic leaves coordinated with a marked increase in second flush leaves in the late summer. Nematodes counted within infected trees ranged from 83 to 9800 individuals per bud, while the proportion of live motile stages, eggs, and dead Lcm varied significantly between the spring and late-summer sampling periods. Together, our data provide important insights regarding the impact of a multi-year BLD infection on bud and foliage production, which has the potential to adversely affect tree carbon assimilation and long-term survival.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced TaqMan qPCR Assay for Phytophthora cinnamomi Detection and Quantification","authors":"Mounira Inas Drais,&nbsp;Silvia Turco,&nbsp;Carmen Morales-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Andrea Vannini,&nbsp;Angelo Mazzaglia","doi":"10.1111/efp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> is one of the world's most invasive plant pathogens, requiring accurate detection in both plant and soil samples for effective disease management. This study compares existing qPCR assays with newly developed assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene for improved detection. Our findings revealed that few current primers reliably distinguish <i>P. cinnamomi</i> from closely related species, and even those that did showed inadequate sensitivity. To address this, we designed novel primers and a species-specific probe targeting the ITS region, achieving consistent amplification with a detection limit of 10 fg. The new assay successfully detected <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in both artificial and symptomatic samples, ensuring rapid and precise identification. This optimised qPCR assay detects and quantifies <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in soil, providing superior sensitivity and specificity over existing methods and supporting more accurate pathogen management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range Expansion of a Verticillium nonalfalfae Isolate Suppresses Ailanthus altissima With Variable Results Along Environmental Gradients","authors":"Timothy J. Shively,&nbsp;Jacob N. Barney,&nbsp;Anton Baudoin,&nbsp;Carrie J. Fearer,&nbsp;J. Leighton Reid,&nbsp;Scott M. Salom","doi":"10.1111/efp.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Verticillium nonalfalfae</i> has been studied for &gt; 20 years as a potential fungal bioherbicide for <i>Ailanthus altissima</i>. A specific isolate from Pennsylvania, VnAa140, has desirable virulence properties and demonstrated host specificity. However, it has yet to be tested outside Pennsylvania, and the potential for regional variation in the host–pathogen interaction and possible environmental limitations are unknown. The range of VnAa140 was expanded for the first time by inoculating <i>A. altissima</i> across 10 sites in Virginia that spanned three physiographic provinces and four USDA hardiness zones with the intent of quantifying disease progression in inoculated trees and the spread of the pathogen throughout <i>A. altissima</i> stands. However, initial inoculations resulted in very little disease development. Reinoculations the following year induced much higher levels of disease and mortality, including 52.3% ± 4.2% increase in disease levels of inoculated trees and a 27.2% ± 10.2% increase in symptom development among uninoculated trees, a marker of pathogen spread. However, results ranged widely along macro and microclimatic gradients, with higher site average temperatures and warmer microsite conditions correlating negatively with disease levels. While VnAa140 remains a strong bioherbicide candidate for the control of <i>A. altissima</i>, it appears that variability by culture and attenuation of virulence traits also contributed to the different levels of host disease development we observed in the field, suggesting that procedures to prevent and screen for these issues will be required as the fungus is propagated for bioherbicide formulation on a commercial scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Report of Apiognomonia errabunda in Latvia: A Case Study in European Beech","authors":"Dārta Kļaviņa,&nbsp;Keitlīna Krastiņa,&nbsp;Baiba Krivmane,&nbsp;Laima Ciseļonoka,&nbsp;Toms Štāls,&nbsp;Roberts Matisons,&nbsp;Maryna Ramanenka,&nbsp;Zane Striķe,&nbsp;Mudrīte Daugaviete","doi":"10.1111/efp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With an occurring shift in the tree species distribution, European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) is becoming a perspective for forestry in the Baltics and Latvia in particular, despite presumed occurrence outside the natural distribution range. In 2023, a survey of European beech plantations established in 2020 in the central region of Latvia revealed that 13% of saplings had decline symptoms—branch dieback and top dieback in beech saplings, often accompanied by browning of leaves. An endophytic and anthracnose-causing ascomycete, <i>Apiognomonia errabunda,</i> was isolated from shoots of symptomatic beech saplings and potentially associated with the observed symptoms. Accordingly, this is the first molecularly approved report of this fungus in Latvia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Bacteria Isolated From Leaves of American Beech, Fagus grandifolia, Infested by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae (Nematoda: Anguinoidea), in New York, USA","authors":"Sebastian Albu,&nbsp;Irina P. Starodumova,&nbsp;Lubov V. Dorofeeva,&nbsp;Lyudmila I. Evtushenko,&nbsp;Sergei A. Subbotin","doi":"10.1111/efp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i>) trees exhibiting symptoms of beech leaf disease (BLD) induced by the foliar nematode, <i>Litylenchus crenatae</i>, were found growing in Delmar, New York, USA, in 2019. Foliar symptoms included leaf drop, galling, and darkening associated with leaf curl. Bacterial isolates were cultured from infected leaf tissue and identified to genus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS profiling. In addition to many taxa with putatively environmental roles, strains of the genera <i>Agrobacterium</i>, <i>Curtobacterium</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Xanthomonas</i>, as well as <i>Erwinia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> were detected. Strains of the latter two genera have been previously associated with BLD, but isolates have not yet been identified at the species level. Phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (<i>gyr</i>B, <i>rpoB,</i> and <i>rpoD</i>) combined with MALDI-TOF-MS, showed that the isolates from nematode-infected leaves of American beech belonged to the known plant pathogenic species <i>C</i>. <i>flaccumfaciens</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>billingiae</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>rhapontici</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>agglomerans,</i> and <i>X</i>. <i>arboricola</i>. The species affiliation of strains showing close relatedness to <i>A</i>. <i>skierniewicense</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>vaccinii</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>alfalfae</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>ananatis</i>, <i>Ps</i>. <i>amygdali</i>, <i>Ps</i>. <i>cerasi,</i> and <i>Ps</i>. <i>syringae</i> requires further support. The identities of other bacteria isolated from the same samples are also provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Bacteria Associated With Bleeding Cankers on Oak Trees in Serbia","authors":"Miłosz Tkaczyk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Sikora,&nbsp;Ivan Milenković","doi":"10.1111/efp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of bacteria that are partly responsible for the oak dieback phenomenon, known as Acute Oak Decline, in Serbia. Seventeen symptomatic oak trees (both <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Quercus cerris</i>) were sampled in April 2024 and analysed using multiplex real-time PCR. <i>Brenneria goodwinii</i> was detected in one tree from Morović, whereas <i>Gibbsiella quercinecans</i> was found in two trees from Morović and Progar. This is the first report of these bacteria in Serbia, despite bioclimatic models predicting a low likelihood of their presence in the Balkans. Our results indicate the presence of oak dieback bacteria in areas where they have not yet been reported, highlighting the need for increased research and awareness of bacterial diseases in forest trees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oomycetous Pathogens of Chestnut Saplings Grown at Some Nurseries in Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye and Use of Phosphorous Acid and Potassium Phosphonate for Their Control","authors":"Deniz Çakar,&nbsp;Seçil Akıllı Şimşek,&nbsp;Mustafa Arslan,&nbsp;Salih Maden","doi":"10.1111/efp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The occurrence of Oomycetous pathogens and their pathogenicities on chestnut saplings, grown at four nurseries were investigated in this study. Also, the effectiveness of foliage applications of phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃) and Potassium phosphonate (K₃PO₄), against <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> which is the most common root rot pathogen of chestnuts in Türkiye was evaluated. Forty-three Oomycetous isolates were obtained using selective media, from sixty plant and twenty soil samples collected from the nurseries. Oomycetous pathogens were identified by molecular tools, using ITS, <i>cox1</i> for <i>Phytophthora</i> spp. and ITS and <i>coxII</i> primers for <i>Phytopythium</i> spp. <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> was the most frequently isolated species, recovered from two nurseries, Gökçebey and Pınar, while <i>Phytophthora inundata</i> was from only the Pınar nursery. Two <i>Phytopythium</i> species, <i>Phytopythium litorale</i> and <i>Phytopythium vexans</i> were also frequently isolated, the former from Pınar and Hendek nurseries and the latter from Gölköy, Hendek and Gökçebey nurseries. <i>Phytopythium</i> spp. did not produced necrosis as large as <i>P. cinnamomi</i> when inoculated on to young saplings. When H₃PO₃ and K₃PO₄ were applied on to foliage one or 2 weeks before the pathogen inoculation, they reduced necrosis lengths significantly compared to the simultaneous application of H₃PO₃ and K₃PO₄ with the pathogen inoculations. Necrosis lengths obtained by the K₃PO₄ treatment were significantly lower than H₃PO₃ treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Phytophthora and Water Shortage in the Canker Disease of Corymbia calophylla as Determined by Reflectance Spectroscopy and Biophysical Variables","authors":"Louise Croeser,&nbsp;Ryan Admiraal,&nbsp;Paul Barber,&nbsp;Treena I. Burgess,&nbsp;Giles E. St. J. Hardy","doi":"10.1111/efp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Corymbia calophylla</i> (marri), an iconic keystone species in the northern jarrah forest of southwestern Australia, is suffering from a stem canker disease caused by an endemic fungus, <i>Quambalaria coyrecup</i>. It is unusual for an endemic pathogen to have such a detrimental effect on a co-evolved host, unless host defence mechanisms have been compromised. This study investigated the role of <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> root infection and water shortage in predisposing <i>C. calophylla</i> to this canker disease, and whether these two stresses work synergistically to intensify the effect of the canker pathogen on <i>C. calophylla</i>. The roots of two-year-old <i>C. calophylla</i> plants were inoculated with <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in pot infestation trials, and 8 weeks later in the stems with the canker pathogen <i>Q. coyrecup</i>. Half of the plants were exposed to a water shortage treatment for the duration of the trial. Biophysical variables related to plant responses to the treatments were measured at harvesting. Reflectance spectroscopy measurements with a portable high-resolution spectroradiometer were also taken weekly. The normalised difference spectral index (NDSI) was calculated for every combination of reflectance values between 350 nm and 2500 nm for all time points, correlated with treatment effects, and displayed as heat maps. Fifty-seven vegetation indices (VIs), using wavelengths from different regions in the electromagnetic spectrum, were also calculated from the spectral data. Neither <i>P. cinnamomi</i> nor the water shortage treatments exacerbated the effect of the canker pathogen on the plants. The canker treatment increased plant stem diameter and canker volume significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The NDSI heat maps indicated that wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum's visible and shortwave infrared portions displayed the strongest correlations with the <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and water shortage treatments. For the canker treatment, it was the shortwave infrared portion. Six of the VIs responded significantly to the water shortage treatment: Carter index 1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), renormalised difference vegetation index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), normalised difference water index (<i>p</i> = 0.012), normalised phaeophytinization index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), photochemical reflectance index (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and red-green ratio index (<i>p</i> = 0.018). The renormalised difference vegetation index was also sensitive to the canker treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and the Carter index 1 to the <i>P. cinnamomi</i> treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Reflectance spectroscopy was able to track biochemical changes in <i>C. calophylla</i> leaves due to inoculation with <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, <i>Q. coyrecup,</i> and the water shortage treatment. However, more work must be done to identify optimum wavelengths specific to <i>C. calophylla</i> and its responses to pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colletotrichum siamense Causing Leaf Spot on Black Olive (Bucida buceras) in Mexico","authors":"David A. Cota-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Hugo Beltrán-Peña,&nbsp;Willie A. S. Vieira,&nbsp;Moisés Camacho-Tapia,&nbsp;Erika Lagunes-Fortiz,&nbsp;Luis M. Morales-Gallegos,&nbsp;Juan M. Tovar-Pedraza","doi":"10.1111/efp.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the summer of 2019, spots were detected on the leaves of black olive (<i>Bucida buceras</i> L.) trees distributed in urban areas in Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. Two single-spore isolates were obtained and identified as <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i> by phylogenetic analyses of concatenated sequences of the ITS, <i>gapdh</i>, <i>tub2</i>, <i>act</i>, <i>chs-1</i> and <i>gs</i> genes. The pathogenicity of the isolates was demonstrated through inoculations under controlled conditions. This is the first report of <i>C. siamense</i> causing leaf spot of black olive in Mexico and worldwide.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powdery Mildews on North American Oaks: High Levels of Diversity and Pathogen-Host Coevolution","authors":"Michael Bradshaw,&nbsp;Luis Quijada,&nbsp;Uwe Braun,&nbsp;Matthew E. Smith,&nbsp;Donald H. Pfister","doi":"10.1111/efp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Erysiphe</i> species infecting oaks in North America are common and widespread, but compared to Asia and Europe, the taxonomy and phylogeny of North American species is unknown. The present study addresses this dispairity. Comprehensive multilocus phylogenetic analyses, including <i>CAM</i>, <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>GS</i>, ITS, <i>RPB2</i> and <i>TUB</i>, revealed a high degree of co-evolution between North American oaks and the <i>Erysiphe</i> spp. that infect them. A concatenated multilocus tree and individual trees based on single loci revealed many highly supported species clades. The clades are formally named to conform with the current taxonomic classification. Available names, such as <i>E. abbreviata</i>, <i>E. calocladophora</i> and <i>E. extensa</i>, are associated with corresponding clades, and are newly circumscribed supported by ex-type sequences or, if not available, by the designation of epitypes with ex-epitype sequences. <i>Erysiphe densissima</i> is reintroduced for a clade that corresponds to the old name ‘<i>E. extensa</i> var. <i>curta’</i>. Eight new species are described, including <i>Erysiphe carolinensis</i>, <i>E. gambelii</i>, <i>E. occidentalis</i>, <i>E. phellos</i>, <i>E. pseudoextensa</i>, <i>E. quercophila, E. quercus-laurifoliae</i> and <i>E. schweinitziana</i>. A new diagnostically and taxonomically relevant trait associated with the anamorphs of North American <i>Erysiphe</i> species on oaks has been assssed. This is a special conidiophore-like lateral outgrowth of the superficial hyphae, comparable to ‘aerial hyphae,’ which are also known for species of the powdery mildew genus <i>Cystotheca</i> which also infect <i>Quercus</i> species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}