Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The Potential of Pseudomonas koreensis R4.45P to Suppress Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Development in Fraxinus excelsior Leaves","authors":"Aleksandar Vemić,&nbsp;Sanja Jovanović,&nbsp;Tanja Berić,&nbsp;Aleksandar Lučić,&nbsp;Ljubinko Rakonjac,&nbsp;Suzana Mitrović,&nbsp;Vladan Popović","doi":"10.1111/efp.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the intense ash dieback in Europe, which begins with the appearance of leaf infection, this study presents the results of the research on the impact of a selected isolate <i>Pseudomonas koreensis</i> R4.45P on the development of <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i> in the rachises of <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>. Preliminary in vitro testing of <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P showed a statistically significantly lower growth of <i>H. fraxineus</i> compared to control cultures that were not exposed to this bacterium. The results of the in planta test on <i>F. excelsior</i> seedlings showed a statistically significant decrease in dieback occurrence and the length of necrotic lesions caused by <i>H</i>. <i>fraxineus</i> in rachises treated with <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P compared to untreated rachises. Additionally, leaf mortality in <i>F. excelsior</i> seedlings treated with <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P was statistically significantly lower. This study is the first to show the possibility of application of antagonistic bacteria <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P to effectively slow the initial stage of <i>H</i>. <i>fraxineus</i> development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Pine-Fusarium circinatum Pathosystem and the Potential for Resistance Deployment in the Field","authors":"S. Woodward,&nbsp;H. Amin,&nbsp;J. Martín-García,&nbsp;A. Solla,&nbsp;R. Diaz-Vazquez,&nbsp;C. Romeralo,&nbsp;A. Alves,&nbsp;G. Pinto,&nbsp;D. Herron,&nbsp;S. Fraser,&nbsp;R. Zas,&nbsp;H. T. Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi,&nbsp;P. Bonello,&nbsp;M. J. Wingfield,&nbsp;J. Witzell,&nbsp;J. J. Diez","doi":"10.1111/efp.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pine pitch canker (PPC) emerged as a significant problem in 1945 in Southeastern USA. The causal agent, <i>Fusarium circinatum</i>, has spread widely and now occurs in pine forests and plantations worldwide. <i>Fusarium circinatum</i> causes damping off, shoot and tip die-back, and the death of seedlings in nurseries. Infection of mature trees leads to excessive resin bleeding on branches and main stems, sunken cankers with bark remaining attached, and finally, tree death. Arguably, <i>F. circinatum</i> is the most important pathogen of pine seedlings in many areas of the world. At least 67 species of <i>Pinus</i>, 18 <i>Pinus</i> hybrids, and 6 other non-pine tree species are susceptible to PPC. The selection and development of tree germplasm resistant to pathogens is considered the most robust approach to reduce losses to diseases. Genetic variation in resistance to <i>F. circinatum</i> certainly exists, even in generally very susceptible hosts, such as <i>P. radiata.</i> Exploiting genetic resistance as a tool to manage PPC requires screening large numbers of tree genotypes and fine-tuning efficient phenotyping protocols. The greater the number of genetic lines and replications, the higher the selection differentials and accuracy of the genetic parameter estimates. Recent advances in physiological and molecular techniques exploring the plant-pathogen interaction have expanded our understanding of genetic resistance mechanisms in pines to PPC and represent an added-value tool to support phenotypic selection. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the molecular, physiological, and genetic basis of resistance to <i>F. circinatum</i> in pines and considers possibilities to improve the resistance of pines against the pathogen through breeding and selection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Abiotic and Biotic Factors Associated With the Outbreak of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Dieback in the Republic of Korea","authors":"Soobin Shin,&nbsp;Donggyu Min,&nbsp;Hosung Jeon,&nbsp;Juwon Yang,&nbsp;Hoseong Choi,&nbsp;Sung-Ryul Ryu,&nbsp;Kyu-Suk Kang,&nbsp;Goon-Bo Kim,&nbsp;Hokyoung Son","doi":"10.1111/efp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Japanese larch (<i>Larix kaempferi</i>) is a native East Asian species valued for its adaptability to moderate climates and high-quality timber, making it a popular plantation tree in the Republic of Korea. In 2022, a severe dieback affecting Japanese larch, with symptoms ranging from needle drop to complete tree death, was observed in the largest seed orchard in Korea. This damage poses a significant threat to the orchard's productivity and seed quality. This study aimed to identify and characterise the causes of dieback through physiological and pathological approaches. We found evidence of drought stress and reduced growth in damaged trees, particularly from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, we isolated two potential pathogens, <i>Pestalotiopsis kenyana</i> and <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>, both of which were able to cause disease in detached needles and could be controlled using various fungicides. These findings improve our understanding of Japanese larch disease ecology and will aid in developing effective management strategies for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Cryphonectria carpinicola in Croatia","authors":"Lucija Nuskern,&nbsp;Marin Ježić,&nbsp;Marilena Idžojtić,&nbsp;Daniel Rigling,&nbsp;Mirna Ćurković-Perica","doi":"10.1111/efp.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cryphonectria carpinicola</i>, the most recently described species in the genus <i>Cryphonectria</i>, is gaining research interest due to its involvement in common hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>) decline. So far, no symptoms of hornbeam decline have been observed in Croatian forests. However, following a chance observation of a <i>Cryphonectria</i>-like stromata on the bark of a dead hornbeam branch, we conducted a targeted sampling campaign to verify the presence of <i>C. carpinicola</i>, determine its distribution and assess its potential impact on the host. We confirmed the presence of <i>C. carpinicola</i> in four out of five sampled populations and isolated pure cultures from 28 out of 53 sampled trees, making it the largest collection of <i>C. carpinicola</i> in Europe to date. The population network analysis inferred from nucleotide sequences of <i>C. carpinicola</i> ITS region, including this and previous research, has grouped them all in a single cluster with only a few isolates differing by a single nucleotide polymorphism. The isolation of <i>C. carpinicola</i> was possible only from bark samples with visible sporulation. The majority (24) of <i>C. carpinicola</i> isolates were obtained from dead stems or branches. However, in two different populations, we isolated the fungus from branches on four living trees that had died off distally to the area of the observed fungal sporulation, suggesting the fungus to be at least a weak pathogen on susceptible hornbeam trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"Davoud Kartoolinejad,&nbsp;Hooman Ravanbakhsh,&nbsp;Robert L. Mathiasen,&nbsp;Alireza Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Zabihollah Fadaii,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Zolfaghari,&nbsp;Alireza Moshki,&nbsp;Maryam Raeesi","doi":"10.1111/efp.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Infection Severity of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Viscaceae) in Two Protected Areas in the Alborz Mountains, Iran: A Case Study</i> by Davoud Kartoolinejad et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70000.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenological Evaluation of Bud Retention, Leaf Production, and Nematode Abundance Associated With Beech Leaf Disease","authors":"Cameron D. McIntire,&nbsp;Paulo Vieira","doi":"10.1111/efp.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beech leaf disease (BLD) is an emerging threat to American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i> Ehrh.) throughout North American forests attributable to the plant-parasitic nematode <i>Litylenchus crenatae</i> ssp. <i>mccannii</i> (Lcm). This study describes the impacts of BLD on bud retention and subsequent leaf production, associated symptoms, and the abundance of Lcm throughout the course of a single growing season within two natural forest stands exposed to different levels of disease pressure. We found that trees with 2+ years of BLD infection exhibited reductions in bud retention that represented 52.3% fewer buds per branch (m⁻¹) relative to a control stand that did not exhibit BLD symptoms in the previous year. Diseased trees also produced less foliage following spring bud break, corresponding to 67.8% fewer leaves per branch (m⁻¹). Bud death among diseased trees resulted in a decoupling from the expected foliage production derived from winter bud inventories. Through the characterization of BLD symptom expression among emerging leaves, including the presence of second flush leaves, we measured casting of severely symptomatic leaves coordinated with a marked increase in second flush leaves in the late summer. Nematodes counted within infected trees ranged from 83 to 9800 individuals per bud, while the proportion of live motile stages, eggs, and dead Lcm varied significantly between the spring and late-summer sampling periods. Together, our data provide important insights regarding the impact of a multi-year BLD infection on bud and foliage production, which has the potential to adversely affect tree carbon assimilation and long-term survival.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced TaqMan qPCR Assay for Phytophthora cinnamomi Detection and Quantification","authors":"Mounira Inas Drais,&nbsp;Silvia Turco,&nbsp;Carmen Morales-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Andrea Vannini,&nbsp;Angelo Mazzaglia","doi":"10.1111/efp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> is one of the world's most invasive plant pathogens, requiring accurate detection in both plant and soil samples for effective disease management. This study compares existing qPCR assays with newly developed assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene for improved detection. Our findings revealed that few current primers reliably distinguish <i>P. cinnamomi</i> from closely related species, and even those that did showed inadequate sensitivity. To address this, we designed novel primers and a species-specific probe targeting the ITS region, achieving consistent amplification with a detection limit of 10 fg. The new assay successfully detected <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in both artificial and symptomatic samples, ensuring rapid and precise identification. This optimised qPCR assay detects and quantifies <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in soil, providing superior sensitivity and specificity over existing methods and supporting more accurate pathogen management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range Expansion of a Verticillium nonalfalfae Isolate Suppresses Ailanthus altissima With Variable Results Along Environmental Gradients","authors":"Timothy J. Shively,&nbsp;Jacob N. Barney,&nbsp;Anton Baudoin,&nbsp;Carrie J. Fearer,&nbsp;J. Leighton Reid,&nbsp;Scott M. Salom","doi":"10.1111/efp.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Verticillium nonalfalfae</i> has been studied for &gt; 20 years as a potential fungal bioherbicide for <i>Ailanthus altissima</i>. A specific isolate from Pennsylvania, VnAa140, has desirable virulence properties and demonstrated host specificity. However, it has yet to be tested outside Pennsylvania, and the potential for regional variation in the host–pathogen interaction and possible environmental limitations are unknown. The range of VnAa140 was expanded for the first time by inoculating <i>A. altissima</i> across 10 sites in Virginia that spanned three physiographic provinces and four USDA hardiness zones with the intent of quantifying disease progression in inoculated trees and the spread of the pathogen throughout <i>A. altissima</i> stands. However, initial inoculations resulted in very little disease development. Reinoculations the following year induced much higher levels of disease and mortality, including 52.3% ± 4.2% increase in disease levels of inoculated trees and a 27.2% ± 10.2% increase in symptom development among uninoculated trees, a marker of pathogen spread. However, results ranged widely along macro and microclimatic gradients, with higher site average temperatures and warmer microsite conditions correlating negatively with disease levels. While VnAa140 remains a strong bioherbicide candidate for the control of <i>A. altissima</i>, it appears that variability by culture and attenuation of virulence traits also contributed to the different levels of host disease development we observed in the field, suggesting that procedures to prevent and screen for these issues will be required as the fungus is propagated for bioherbicide formulation on a commercial scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Report of Apiognomonia errabunda in Latvia: A Case Study in European Beech","authors":"Dārta Kļaviņa,&nbsp;Keitlīna Krastiņa,&nbsp;Baiba Krivmane,&nbsp;Laima Ciseļonoka,&nbsp;Toms Štāls,&nbsp;Roberts Matisons,&nbsp;Maryna Ramanenka,&nbsp;Zane Striķe,&nbsp;Mudrīte Daugaviete","doi":"10.1111/efp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With an occurring shift in the tree species distribution, European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) is becoming a perspective for forestry in the Baltics and Latvia in particular, despite presumed occurrence outside the natural distribution range. In 2023, a survey of European beech plantations established in 2020 in the central region of Latvia revealed that 13% of saplings had decline symptoms—branch dieback and top dieback in beech saplings, often accompanied by browning of leaves. An endophytic and anthracnose-causing ascomycete, <i>Apiognomonia errabunda,</i> was isolated from shoots of symptomatic beech saplings and potentially associated with the observed symptoms. Accordingly, this is the first molecularly approved report of this fungus in Latvia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Bacteria Isolated From Leaves of American Beech, Fagus grandifolia, Infested by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae (Nematoda: Anguinoidea), in New York, USA","authors":"Sebastian Albu,&nbsp;Irina P. Starodumova,&nbsp;Lubov V. Dorofeeva,&nbsp;Lyudmila I. Evtushenko,&nbsp;Sergei A. Subbotin","doi":"10.1111/efp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i>) trees exhibiting symptoms of beech leaf disease (BLD) induced by the foliar nematode, <i>Litylenchus crenatae</i>, were found growing in Delmar, New York, USA, in 2019. Foliar symptoms included leaf drop, galling, and darkening associated with leaf curl. Bacterial isolates were cultured from infected leaf tissue and identified to genus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS profiling. In addition to many taxa with putatively environmental roles, strains of the genera <i>Agrobacterium</i>, <i>Curtobacterium</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, <i>Xanthomonas</i>, as well as <i>Erwinia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> were detected. Strains of the latter two genera have been previously associated with BLD, but isolates have not yet been identified at the species level. Phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (<i>gyr</i>B, <i>rpoB,</i> and <i>rpoD</i>) combined with MALDI-TOF-MS, showed that the isolates from nematode-infected leaves of American beech belonged to the known plant pathogenic species <i>C</i>. <i>flaccumfaciens</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>billingiae</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>rhapontici</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>agglomerans,</i> and <i>X</i>. <i>arboricola</i>. The species affiliation of strains showing close relatedness to <i>A</i>. <i>skierniewicense</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>vaccinii</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>alfalfae</i>, <i>Pa</i>. <i>ananatis</i>, <i>Ps</i>. <i>amygdali</i>, <i>Ps</i>. <i>cerasi,</i> and <i>Ps</i>. <i>syringae</i> requires further support. The identities of other bacteria isolated from the same samples are also provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}