Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Fusarium guttiforme and F. mexicanum Causing Shoot Blight in Yerba Mate in Southern Brazil","authors":"Valdomiro Bilenki Junior,&nbsp;Paula Cristina dos Santos Rodrigues,&nbsp;Celso Garcia Auer,&nbsp;Dauri José Tessmann,&nbsp;Tiago Miguel Jarek,&nbsp;Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos","doi":"10.1111/efp.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yerba mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> [St. Hil.]) is one of the main non-timber forest products in the southern region of Brazil, playing a role of great social, economic and environmental importance. Commercial yerba mate consists of leaves and young branches of the plant, traditionally consumed as tea and chimarrão. Its extract is also used in food, cosmetics and cleaning products. In 2021 and 2022, shoot blight was observed in seedlings and adult plants of yerba mate in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil. The disease is characterised by dark-coloured necrotic lesions, which begin at the tip of the shoots and, in some cases, progress downwards along the shoot, causing its death. The objective of this work was to elucidate the aetiology of this disease. The causal agents of the disease were isolated from symptomatic shoots of yerba mate, and the isolates obtained were characterised using morphology and multilocus molecular phylogeny (RNA polymerase II subunit, elongation factor 1-ɑ and β-tubulin genes). Inoculation was carried out on detached leaves and shoots, under controlled conditions and on adult plants in the field. The isolates obtained proved pathogenic when inoculated, causing symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The multilocus molecular phylogeny identified two species: <i>Fusarium guttiforme</i> and <i>F. mexicanum</i>, with <i>F. mexicanum</i> being the most aggressive in pathogenicity tests. <i>Fusarium</i> cultures were reisolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This study represents the first report of <i>F. guttiforme</i> and <i>F. mexicanum</i> as causal agents of yerba mate shoot blight.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi Causing Anthracnose and Foliar Blight in Plumeria spp. in Mexico","authors":"Guillermo Márquez-Licona,&nbsp;Jossue Ortiz-Álvarez,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza,&nbsp;María Alondra Hernandez-Hernandez,&nbsp;Alma Rosa Solano-Báez","doi":"10.1111/efp.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frangipani (<i>Plumeria</i> spp.: Apocynaceae) is a small ornamental tree native to Mexico, susceptible to significant diseases such as anthracnose and foliar blight in hot, dry environments. Understanding the diversity of pathogens responsible for these diseases is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies. This study aimed to identify the pathogens responsible for these diseases. In February 2020 and 2021, symptoms of anthracnose and foliar blight were observed on frangipani plants in recreational areas of Morelos and Sinaloa, Mexico. Isolations from diseased leaf tissue resulted in the recovery of 12 <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates from <i>P. rubra</i> and 18 <i>Alternaria</i> isolates from <i>P. obtusa</i>. After morphotype grouping, a representative isolate from each group was identified by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction (ITS, <i>act</i>, <i>gapdh</i>, <i>rpb2</i> and <i>tef1</i>) as <i>Colletotrichum karstii</i>, <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i>, <i>Alternaria destruens</i> and <i>Alternaria burnsii</i>. For pathogenicity testing, a conidial suspension was sprayed onto the leaves of 90-day-old plants, while control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water. All inoculated fungi were pathogenic, reproducing the characteristic symptoms of the disease, while control plants remained symptomless. The fungi recovered from symptomatic plants were morphologically identical to the inoculated fungi, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of <i>A. burnsii</i> and <i>A. destruens</i> causing foliar blight in <i>P. obtusa</i>, and <i>C. siamense</i> and <i>C. karstii</i> causing anthracnose in <i>P. rubra</i>. These findings contribute valuable insights for developing effective disease management strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine Needle Pathogen Lecanosticta acicola Spreads Into Native Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Stands in Latvia","authors":"Dārta Kļaviņa,&nbsp;Baiba Krivmane,&nbsp;Roberts Matisons,&nbsp;Samanta Berena,&nbsp;Keitlīna Krastiņa,&nbsp;Krišs Bitenieks,&nbsp;Marili Vester,&nbsp;Kalev Adamson,&nbsp;Zane Striķe,&nbsp;Rein Drenkhan","doi":"10.1111/efp.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Lecanosticta acicola</i>, the causal agent of brown spot needle blight, is a known pine needle pathogen. During the past decades, it has spread in Northern Europe, including the Baltics, where it has mainly infected exotic pines. This study presents novel data on the occurrence of the pathogen on introduced, as well as on further spread of the pest to the native pine species in Latvia. In the autumn of 2022, infection of <i>L. acicola</i> was discovered on several young native Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) stands throughout Latvia, and in a commercial nursery, thus signifying the transition to a native host with high potential for wider expansion. The transmission of the pathogen to the local pine populations could accelerate the spread of the pathogen and decrease the vitality of pines in the Baltics in the future. The fungus was identified by molecular PCR-based methods; conidia were found only on a few pines in surveyed stands, as symptom severity was still low (mostly latent infection). Nevertheless, the observed behaviour of the pathogen implies the establishment and presumed invasion in the native forest areas, and thus the emergence of additional forestry risks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Pseudomonas koreensis R4.45P to Suppress Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Development in Fraxinus excelsior Leaves","authors":"Aleksandar Vemić,&nbsp;Sanja Jovanović,&nbsp;Tanja Berić,&nbsp;Aleksandar Lučić,&nbsp;Ljubinko Rakonjac,&nbsp;Suzana Mitrović,&nbsp;Vladan Popović","doi":"10.1111/efp.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the intense ash dieback in Europe, which begins with the appearance of leaf infection, this study presents the results of the research on the impact of a selected isolate <i>Pseudomonas koreensis</i> R4.45P on the development of <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i> in the rachises of <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>. Preliminary in vitro testing of <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P showed a statistically significantly lower growth of <i>H. fraxineus</i> compared to control cultures that were not exposed to this bacterium. The results of the in planta test on <i>F. excelsior</i> seedlings showed a statistically significant decrease in dieback occurrence and the length of necrotic lesions caused by <i>H</i>. <i>fraxineus</i> in rachises treated with <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P compared to untreated rachises. Additionally, leaf mortality in <i>F. excelsior</i> seedlings treated with <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P was statistically significantly lower. This study is the first to show the possibility of application of antagonistic bacteria <i>P. koreensis</i> R4.45P to effectively slow the initial stage of <i>H</i>. <i>fraxineus</i> development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Pine-Fusarium circinatum Pathosystem and the Potential for Resistance Deployment in the Field","authors":"S. Woodward,&nbsp;H. Amin,&nbsp;J. Martín-García,&nbsp;A. Solla,&nbsp;R. Diaz-Vazquez,&nbsp;C. Romeralo,&nbsp;A. Alves,&nbsp;G. Pinto,&nbsp;D. Herron,&nbsp;S. Fraser,&nbsp;R. Zas,&nbsp;H. T. Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi,&nbsp;P. Bonello,&nbsp;M. J. Wingfield,&nbsp;J. Witzell,&nbsp;J. J. Diez","doi":"10.1111/efp.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pine pitch canker (PPC) emerged as a significant problem in 1945 in Southeastern USA. The causal agent, <i>Fusarium circinatum</i>, has spread widely and now occurs in pine forests and plantations worldwide. <i>Fusarium circinatum</i> causes damping off, shoot and tip die-back, and the death of seedlings in nurseries. Infection of mature trees leads to excessive resin bleeding on branches and main stems, sunken cankers with bark remaining attached, and finally, tree death. Arguably, <i>F. circinatum</i> is the most important pathogen of pine seedlings in many areas of the world. At least 67 species of <i>Pinus</i>, 18 <i>Pinus</i> hybrids, and 6 other non-pine tree species are susceptible to PPC. The selection and development of tree germplasm resistant to pathogens is considered the most robust approach to reduce losses to diseases. Genetic variation in resistance to <i>F. circinatum</i> certainly exists, even in generally very susceptible hosts, such as <i>P. radiata.</i> Exploiting genetic resistance as a tool to manage PPC requires screening large numbers of tree genotypes and fine-tuning efficient phenotyping protocols. The greater the number of genetic lines and replications, the higher the selection differentials and accuracy of the genetic parameter estimates. Recent advances in physiological and molecular techniques exploring the plant-pathogen interaction have expanded our understanding of genetic resistance mechanisms in pines to PPC and represent an added-value tool to support phenotypic selection. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the molecular, physiological, and genetic basis of resistance to <i>F. circinatum</i> in pines and considers possibilities to improve the resistance of pines against the pathogen through breeding and selection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Abiotic and Biotic Factors Associated With the Outbreak of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Dieback in the Republic of Korea","authors":"Soobin Shin,&nbsp;Donggyu Min,&nbsp;Hosung Jeon,&nbsp;Juwon Yang,&nbsp;Hoseong Choi,&nbsp;Sung-Ryul Ryu,&nbsp;Kyu-Suk Kang,&nbsp;Goon-Bo Kim,&nbsp;Hokyoung Son","doi":"10.1111/efp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Japanese larch (<i>Larix kaempferi</i>) is a native East Asian species valued for its adaptability to moderate climates and high-quality timber, making it a popular plantation tree in the Republic of Korea. In 2022, a severe dieback affecting Japanese larch, with symptoms ranging from needle drop to complete tree death, was observed in the largest seed orchard in Korea. This damage poses a significant threat to the orchard's productivity and seed quality. This study aimed to identify and characterise the causes of dieback through physiological and pathological approaches. We found evidence of drought stress and reduced growth in damaged trees, particularly from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, we isolated two potential pathogens, <i>Pestalotiopsis kenyana</i> and <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>, both of which were able to cause disease in detached needles and could be controlled using various fungicides. These findings improve our understanding of Japanese larch disease ecology and will aid in developing effective management strategies for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Cryphonectria carpinicola in Croatia","authors":"Lucija Nuskern,&nbsp;Marin Ježić,&nbsp;Marilena Idžojtić,&nbsp;Daniel Rigling,&nbsp;Mirna Ćurković-Perica","doi":"10.1111/efp.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cryphonectria carpinicola</i>, the most recently described species in the genus <i>Cryphonectria</i>, is gaining research interest due to its involvement in common hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>) decline. So far, no symptoms of hornbeam decline have been observed in Croatian forests. However, following a chance observation of a <i>Cryphonectria</i>-like stromata on the bark of a dead hornbeam branch, we conducted a targeted sampling campaign to verify the presence of <i>C. carpinicola</i>, determine its distribution and assess its potential impact on the host. We confirmed the presence of <i>C. carpinicola</i> in four out of five sampled populations and isolated pure cultures from 28 out of 53 sampled trees, making it the largest collection of <i>C. carpinicola</i> in Europe to date. The population network analysis inferred from nucleotide sequences of <i>C. carpinicola</i> ITS region, including this and previous research, has grouped them all in a single cluster with only a few isolates differing by a single nucleotide polymorphism. The isolation of <i>C. carpinicola</i> was possible only from bark samples with visible sporulation. The majority (24) of <i>C. carpinicola</i> isolates were obtained from dead stems or branches. However, in two different populations, we isolated the fungus from branches on four living trees that had died off distally to the area of the observed fungal sporulation, suggesting the fungus to be at least a weak pathogen on susceptible hornbeam trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"Davoud Kartoolinejad,&nbsp;Hooman Ravanbakhsh,&nbsp;Robert L. Mathiasen,&nbsp;Alireza Rezanezhad,&nbsp;Zabihollah Fadaii,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Zolfaghari,&nbsp;Alireza Moshki,&nbsp;Maryam Raeesi","doi":"10.1111/efp.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Infection Severity of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Viscaceae) in Two Protected Areas in the Alborz Mountains, Iran: A Case Study</i> by Davoud Kartoolinejad et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70000.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenological Evaluation of Bud Retention, Leaf Production, and Nematode Abundance Associated With Beech Leaf Disease","authors":"Cameron D. McIntire,&nbsp;Paulo Vieira","doi":"10.1111/efp.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beech leaf disease (BLD) is an emerging threat to American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i> Ehrh.) throughout North American forests attributable to the plant-parasitic nematode <i>Litylenchus crenatae</i> ssp. <i>mccannii</i> (Lcm). This study describes the impacts of BLD on bud retention and subsequent leaf production, associated symptoms, and the abundance of Lcm throughout the course of a single growing season within two natural forest stands exposed to different levels of disease pressure. We found that trees with 2+ years of BLD infection exhibited reductions in bud retention that represented 52.3% fewer buds per branch (m⁻¹) relative to a control stand that did not exhibit BLD symptoms in the previous year. Diseased trees also produced less foliage following spring bud break, corresponding to 67.8% fewer leaves per branch (m⁻¹). Bud death among diseased trees resulted in a decoupling from the expected foliage production derived from winter bud inventories. Through the characterization of BLD symptom expression among emerging leaves, including the presence of second flush leaves, we measured casting of severely symptomatic leaves coordinated with a marked increase in second flush leaves in the late summer. Nematodes counted within infected trees ranged from 83 to 9800 individuals per bud, while the proportion of live motile stages, eggs, and dead Lcm varied significantly between the spring and late-summer sampling periods. Together, our data provide important insights regarding the impact of a multi-year BLD infection on bud and foliage production, which has the potential to adversely affect tree carbon assimilation and long-term survival.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced TaqMan qPCR Assay for Phytophthora cinnamomi Detection and Quantification","authors":"Mounira Inas Drais,&nbsp;Silvia Turco,&nbsp;Carmen Morales-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Andrea Vannini,&nbsp;Angelo Mazzaglia","doi":"10.1111/efp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> is one of the world's most invasive plant pathogens, requiring accurate detection in both plant and soil samples for effective disease management. This study compares existing qPCR assays with newly developed assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene for improved detection. Our findings revealed that few current primers reliably distinguish <i>P. cinnamomi</i> from closely related species, and even those that did showed inadequate sensitivity. To address this, we designed novel primers and a species-specific probe targeting the ITS region, achieving consistent amplification with a detection limit of 10 fg. The new assay successfully detected <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in both artificial and symptomatic samples, ensuring rapid and precise identification. This optimised qPCR assay detects and quantifies <i>P. cinnamomi</i> in soil, providing superior sensitivity and specificity over existing methods and supporting more accurate pathogen management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}