Forest Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Temporal Infrared Thermography of Arboricultural Materials for Sun-Induced Trunk Injury Prevention in Broad-Leaved Woody Plants","authors":"Junhyung Park,&nbsp;Dahye Seo,&nbsp;Ki Woo Kim","doi":"10.1111/efp.12890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12890","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using an infrared (IR) thermal camera, we evaluated the efficacy of six arboricultural materials for preventing sunscald and frost crack. The trunks of adult Yoshino cherry (<i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i>) and Japanese zelkova (<i>Zelkova serrata</i>) were treated with (i–iii) three paint types (white water paint [P–W], white latex paint [P–L], and quicklime [P–Q]), (iv and v) two band wrap types [brown tree wrap (B–B) and white tree wrap (B–W)], and (vi) a wound paste: thiophanate-methyl paste (TP) in the shape of a band 10 cm thick. Outdoor IR thermographs were captured four times a day at 3 h intervals (09:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 03:00 p.m. and 06:00 p.m.) over four consecutive days in late October 2019. Bark temperatures recorded for P–W, P–L, P–Q and B–W treatments were consistently lower than those for untreated trunks. The mean temperature difference between B–W and untreated bark (up to 4.57°C) remained pronounced between 09:00 a.m. and 06:00 p.m. for both tree species each day. Conversely, no significant differences in bark temperatures were observed under B–B and TP treatments compared with untreated bark (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Elevated bark temperature was observed on the south side compared with the other three cardinal directions; however, temperatures were similar in all directions at 06:00 p.m. These findings suggest that white tree wrapping may provide a viable approach to prevent sun-induced trunk injuries, leveraging the light reflectivity of the white colour and thermal insulation properties of the wrapping material.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase 3 (PaLAR3) Locus in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and Its Link to Resistance Against Heterobasidion parviporum","authors":"Blessing Durodola,&nbsp;Neea Hanström,&nbsp;Kathrin Blumenstein,&nbsp;Matti Haapanen,&nbsp;Jarkko Hantula,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif,&nbsp;Tuula Piri,&nbsp;Eeva Terhonen","doi":"10.1111/efp.12889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Heterobasidion parviporum</i> is a fungal pathogen that is drastically damaging Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) in Europe. The infections will result in root and stem rot, causing significant economic losses for forest owners. Previous studies have shown that the <i>PaLAR3</i> gene, which encodes the leucoanthocyanidin reductase enzyme, can increase resistance to <i>H. parviporum</i> in Norway spruce. The presence of the B allele at the <i>PaLAR3</i> locus has been associated with higher (+)-catechin concentrations and increased enzyme production in inoculation experiments, resulting in inhibited pathogen growth. The control of <i>H</i>. <i>parviporum</i> involves a multifaceted approach, including silvicultural and sustainable forestry practices, genetic resistance and chemical/biological control. In this study, we determined the <i>PaLAR3</i> genotypes in a representative sample of Norway spruce breeding materials from southern Finland and examined their effect on necrosis caused by <i>H</i>. <i>parviporum</i> in spruce stems. The results showed that the homozygous <i>PaLAR3BB</i> genotype was present in only 9% of the trees. However, the necrotic area interacted with homozygous <i>PaLAR3BB</i> under low-water treatment. These findings support the idea that the <i>PaLAR3</i> locus may be a valuable marker for identifying <i>P. abies</i> resistance to different strains of <i>Heterobasidion parviporum.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics of Conifer-Associated Fusarium spp.","authors":"John T. Dobbs,&nbsp;Mee-Sook Kim,&nbsp;Ned B. Klopfenstein,&nbsp;Jane E. Stewart","doi":"10.1111/efp.12888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent studies have shown numerous <i>Fusarium</i> spp. are associated with symptomatic conifer seedlings in both bareroot and container nursery systems. Some of these species have been found pathogenic to conifer seedlings (e.g., <i>F. avenaceum</i>, <i>F. commune</i>, <i>F. oxysporum</i>, <i>F. solani,</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i>), but the mechanisms and shared evolutionary history of these conifer pathogenic species have not been well studied in these pathosystems. We compared whole genomes of 17 <i>Fusarium</i> spp. associated with conifer seedlings to elucidate putative shared pathogenicity/virulence gene profiles presumably expressed for roles in causing damping-off and/or root disease of conifer seedlings. In addition, this work provides draft genomes of conifer-associated <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and genomes not previously referenced in public databases (e.g., <i>F. lactis</i>, <i>F. fredkrugeri</i>, <i>F. ipomoeae,</i> and <i>F. flocciferum</i>). We identified pathogenicity/virulence genes associated with <i>Fusarium</i> spp. pathogens of conifers including effectors, the secreted in xylem (SIX) genes 2, 4, 9 and 14 and secondary metabolites, and the mycotoxins fumonisin and deoxynivalenol. We conclude that gene profiles are shared within <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes and among closely related <i>Fusarium</i> species complexes; however, these shared profiles are widely distributed across all <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens. These findings highlight potential targets for detecting and/or identifying <i>Fusarium</i> pathogens of conifers, but multiple methods and/or targets will be required depending on the species complexes and clades. More research is needed to determine the roles of expressed pathogenicity/virulence genes and the downstream metabolic products that result in pathogenesis to conifers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Arenosol Nematode Abundance and Trophic Composition as Influenced by Different Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. Tree Stand Ages in Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Solomon Amare,&nbsp;Mitiku Haile,&nbsp;Emiru Birhane","doi":"10.1111/efp.12887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12887","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Faidherbia albida</i> (Delile) A. Chev., hereafter <i>F. albida</i> is an important agroforestry tree species in the semi-arid highlands of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. The paper analyses how different stand ages of the tree could influence nematodes' abundance, trophic composition and selected community index values. A total of 40 composite soil samples were collected from out-canopies and under-canopies of different tree stand age classes designated as young (15–20 years), medium age (35–40 years) and older (&gt; 60 years). Nematodes were extracted following the Baermann funnel technique, identified and counted under an inverted Olympus microscope according to their trophic groups. The highest total count of nematodes and relative abundance of fungivores, omnivores and predatory nematode trophic groups were counted from soil samples influenced by older <i>F. albida</i> trees. The relative abundance of bacterivores and plant parasitic nematodes was low. The nematode channel ratio became lower in soils as influenced by older trees while the Wasilewska index was significantly high. The age difference of the trees influenced the abundance of the soil nematode feeding groups and their ecological index values. Moreover, the results have shown the enhancement of nematode trophic diversity. Redundancy analysis showed that tree age significantly influenced the relationships of nematode trophic groups with the studied soil bio-physicochemical properties. Generally, the findings indicate that the soil food web becomes more complex and functional under the older trees.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a qPCR Assay for the Detection and Quantification of the Fungal Pathogen Calonectria canadiana on Conifers","authors":"Philippe Tanguay,&nbsp;Nathan Benoit,&nbsp;Amélie Potvin,&nbsp;Louis Bernier","doi":"10.1111/efp.12885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A real-time PCR TaqMan assay was developed for the detection of <i>Calonectria canadiana</i>, a fungal pathogen responsible for damping off, root rot and seedling blight in conifer forest nurseries in central and eastern North America. While highly significant in Quebec Forest nurseries, coniferous seedling mortality decreased significantly when nurseries transitioned from bare root to container seedling production. However, over the past few years, this pathogen has re-emerged as a threat and millions of container white spruce seedlings were culled in two nurseries in eastern Quebec. A sensitive detection and quantification assay for <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> was essential to investigate the biological and environmental factors driving this new epidemic. We designed primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i>. The resulting Ccan TaqMan assay successfully differentiated <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> from other soil-borne pathogens of the Nectriaceae encountered in Quebec Forest nurseries. The limit of detection of the assay was established at eight copies of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i> ITS. The Ccan TaqMan assay quickly identified the presence of the pathogen in both symptomatic and asymptomatic white spruce (<i>Picea glauca</i>) seedlings. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the pathogen was more easily detected when DNA was extracted from necrotic needles at the base of the stem rather than from necrotic roots. This molecular tool will greatly aid in understanding the biology and epidemiology of <i>C</i>. <i>canadiana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoscytalidium dimidiatum associated with Albizia lebbeck disease in Saudi Arabia: Symptomatology, pathogenicity and molecular identification","authors":"Khalid E. Hamed,&nbsp;Abdullah S. Alsohim,&nbsp;Christiane Baschien,&nbsp;Riyaz Z. Sayyed","doi":"10.1111/efp.12884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Botryosphaeriaceae fungi cause infections that generate disease symptoms in plants in extreme environments. The present study identified the causal agent of dieback disease on lebbeck trees in Saudi Arabia. <i>Albizia lebbeck</i> trees showed widespread dieback, decline and cracking symptoms of samples taken during a Qassim University, Saudi Arabia survey. The survey showed that over 80% of lebbeck trees showed wilted roots, stem cankers and death of wilted trees. Fungal colonies were obtained from symptomatic tissues cultured on water agar for 3 weeks at 25°C. Elongation factor alpha (EF1-728 F, AL33R), ITS (ITS4) and LSU (128) regions of the rDNA operon and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2; Bt2aF, Bt2bR) were sequenced for molecular identification. Based on morphological and molecular characterization, the pathogen was identified as <i>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum</i>. During the pathogenicity investigation, the fungus re-isolated from the infected seedlings expressed the same morphological characteristics on the culture media as the <i>N. dimidiatum</i> isolate. A host range study involving six tree species inoculation with <i>N. dimidiatum</i> caused wilting and death in three plants. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on <i>N. dimidiatum</i> in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal communities associated with Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Larix sp. seeds of different geographic origin: Implications for disease management","authors":"Rebecca Larsson,&nbsp;Audrius Menkis,&nbsp;Åke Olson","doi":"10.1111/efp.12880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12880","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Europe, <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> and <i>Picea abies</i> are the most common coniferous tree species used in commercial forestry, which rely on high-quality reproductive material for successful reforestation. Clear-cut harvested forest sites are often replanted using tree seedlings, which are produced in forest nurseries using seeds from seed orchards. However, incidences of fungal diseases in seedling production show that a better knowledge of seedborne fungi, including fungal pathogens, is needed to manage diseases in forest nurseries. This study aimed to assess seedborne fungal communities associated with commercial seeds of <i>P. abies</i>, <i>P. sylvestris</i> and <i>Larix</i> sp. seeds originated from geographically separated regions in Sweden, Belarus, Finland and Poland. Fungal communities were obtained first from the seed surface and then from the seed tissue. These were analysed using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region. The results showed that fungal diversity and community composition differed between the seed surface and the seed tissue. <i>Picea abies</i> accommodated a higher fungal diversity than <i>P. sylvestris</i>. In addition, a strong host affinity of the fungal community composition on the seed surface and a weaker association in the seed tissue was found. Fungal communities on <i>P. abies</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i> seed surface differed significantly between geographical regions, whereas no regional differences were found in the seed tissue. The seedborne fungal communities included a high proportion of plant pathogens, among which the most abundant were <i>Sydowia polyspora</i> (13.3%), <i>Phoma herbarum</i> (11.2%) and <i>Sirococcus conigenus</i> (3.8%). In conclusion, the results showed (a) characteristic fungal diversity and community composition between the seed surface and the seed tissue; (b) a host-specific fungal community composition on the seed surface and in the seed tissue; (c) regional difference in fungal communities on <i>P. abies</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i> seed surface, thus the movement of seeds between different regions can contribute to the spread of fungal diseases; and (d) the presence of a high incidence of seedborne fungal pathogens which suggest a potential need of preventative or control measures to reduce the occurrence of these fungi on the seed surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of leaf spot caused by Neopestalotiopsis and Calonectria species on Areca ipot seedlings in Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Romana Alyssa D. Mastrili,&nbsp;Jorge R. Ibarra Caballero,&nbsp;Pastor L. Malabrigo Jr,&nbsp;Jane E. Stewart,&nbsp;Jessa P. Ata","doi":"10.1111/efp.12883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Areca ipot</i>, a Philippine endemic species, is categorized as endangered primarily due to habitat loss. A severe outbreak of a new leaf spot disease was observed on <i>A. ipot</i> seedlings in a nursery. Morphological and molecular features of isolates from diseased samples were identified as <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> sp. and <i>Calonectria</i> sp. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i> sp. and <i>Calonectria</i> sp. causing leaf spot on <i>A. ipot</i> in the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Cryphonectria carpinicola on Carpinus betulus in Serbia","authors":"Ivan Milenković,&nbsp;Miloš Trifković,&nbsp;Dragan Karadžić,&nbsp;Dušan Jovanović,&nbsp;Zlatan Radulović,&nbsp;Marilia Horta Jung,&nbsp;Thomas Jung","doi":"10.1111/efp.12882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When monitoring the health status of various woody host plants in urban areas in Serbia, symptoms indicative of <i>Cryphonectria</i>-like infection were recorded on European hornbeam (<i>Carpinus betulus</i>) trees in the natural monument ‘Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade’. One tree was affected by crown dieback while another one showed dieback of branches. Bark lesions were found on stems which contained numerous stromata with fruiting bodies and orange tendrils. Conidiomata were recorded solely in the infected tissue, producing hyaline, aseptate and bacilloid-shaped conidia with dimensions of 3.4 ± 0.46 × 1.2 ± 0.12 μm. In the isolation tests, all plated bark pieces were positive, and 25 isolates were obtained. Colonies on different agar media were white in the beginning, turning into orange-red colour during ageing. Optimum temperature for growth was 25°C and no growth was recorded at 30°C. A GenBank blast search and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences of five representative isolates revealed their identity as <i>Cryphonectria carpinicola</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>C. carpinicola</i> on hornbeam trees in Serbia, and implications of this finding are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analyses of distribution of the heart rot fungus Serpula himantioides in living Chamaecyparis pisifera using real-time polymerase chain reaction","authors":"Ryusei Haraguchi,&nbsp;Toshihide Hirao,&nbsp;Toshihiro Yamada","doi":"10.1111/efp.12881","DOIUrl":"10.1111/efp.12881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Serpula himantioides</i> is a widely distributed wood rot fungus that causes heart rot in various tree species. In Japan, heart rot associated with <i>S. himantioides</i> occurs in <i>Chamaecyparis pisifera</i>; however, its distribution within living trees and changes in its abundance as decay progresses remain unclear. In this study, we used a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay to specifically detect and quantify <i>S. himantioides</i> in wood. This allowed us to determine the distribution of <i>S. himantioides</i> in living <i>C. pisifera</i> and to monitor changes in its abundance as decay progressed. In addition, the mode of decay progression was characterized using nonhierarchical clustering. <i>Serpula himantioides</i> was detected from both decayed and undecayed heartwood and at sites as high as 12 m in the trunk, suggesting that it was widely distributed in the heartwood. The clustering analysis grouped samples into three clusters corresponding to the incipient, intermediate and advanced stages of decay. The abundance of <i>S. himantioides</i> increased from the incipient stage to the intermediate stage of decay and decreased at the advanced stage. The results quantitatively showed that intermediate stage decay moved up the trunk and replaced the part corresponding to the incipient stage as decay progressed. These results will be useful for devising methods for the early detection of heart rot caused by <i>S. himantioides</i> and to understand the progress of decay caused by wood rot fungi in living trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":55153,"journal":{"name":"Forest Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/efp.12881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}